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Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Published by Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society
ISSN : -     EISSN : 19782993     DOI : https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, a reputable international journal, provides a forum for publishing the novel technologies related to the catalyst, catalysis, chemical reactor, kinetics, and chemical reaction engineering. Scientific articles dealing with the following topics in chemical reaction engineering, catalysis science, and engineering, catalyst preparation method and characterization, novel innovation of chemical reactor, kinetic studies, etc. are particularly welcome. However, articles concerned on the general chemical engineering process are not covered and out of the scope of this journal. This journal encompasses Original Research Articles, Review Articles (only selected/invited authors), and Short Communications, including: fundamentals of catalyst and catalysis; materials and nano-materials for catalyst; chemistry of catalyst and catalysis; surface chemistry of catalyst; applied catalysis; applied bio-catalysis; applied chemical reaction engineering; catalyst regeneration; catalyst deactivation; photocatalyst and photocatalysis; electrocatalysis for fuel cell application; applied bio-reactor; membrane bioreactor; fundamentals of chemical reaction engineering; kinetics studies of chemical reaction engineering; chemical reactor design (not process parameter optimization); enzymatic catalytic reaction (not process parameter optimization); kinetic studies of enzymatic reaction (not process parameter optimization); the industrial practice of catalyst; the industrial practice of chemical reactor engineering; application of plasma technology in catalysis and chemical reactor; and advanced technology for chemical reactors design. However, articles concerned about the "General Chemical Engineering Process" are not covered and out of the scope of this journal.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Katalisis
Articles 838 Documents
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Areca Catechu Biochar and Nano-Biochar as Adsorbents for Congo Red: Synthesis, Characterization, and Performance Evaluation Adawiyah, Robiatul; Yuliasari, Nova; Hanifah, Yulizah; Palapa, Neza Rahayu
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 1 Year 2025 (April 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20322

Abstract

The presence of hazardous synthetic dyes such as Congo Red in industrial wastewater poses a significant environmental threat. This study explores the potential of biochar (BC) and nano-biochar (nano-BC), derived from Areca catechu husk as sustainable adsorbents for dye removal. Nano-BC was synthesised via hydrothermal carbonisation and mechanical ball milling, leading to enhanced structural and surface properties. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) revealed that the Pinang husk is predominantly amorphous, while BC exhibits increased crystallinity with sharp peaks, and nano-BC demonstrates the highest crystallinity and nanostructural refinement. Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) confirmed the transformation of aliphatic-rich raw biomass into aromatic-dominant structures in BC and nano-BC, with nano-BC showing more pronounced graphite-like features. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) illustrated the morphological evolution, with nano-BC exhibiting refined, uniformly porous structures. BET analysis revealed that nano-BC has a significantly higher surface area 41.38 m²/g and smaller pore size 8.4928 nm compared to BC 22.38 m²/g and 15.39 nm, enhancing adsorption capacity. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, and isothermal analysis confirmed monolayer adsorption with the highest maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax = 154.526 mg/g). These findings highlight the superior adsorption performance of nano-BC, emphasising its potential for environmentally friendly water treatment applications. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Visible-light Degradation of Methylene Blue using Energy-Efficient Carbon-Doped TiO2: Kinetic Study and Mechanism Lau, Alysa; Goh, Chien Yong; Guo, Yubei; Alsultan, Abdulkareem Ghassan; Yun Hin, Taufiq-Yap; Nurhadi, Mukhamad; Lai, Sin Yuan
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 1 Year 2025 (April 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20347

Abstract

Wastewater pollution is mainly produced from the dye textile industry and the most widely used photocatalyst to degrade dye textile is TiO2 due to its photostability, low toxicity, and low production cost. However, TiO2 is only responsive under UV light; thus, our study is to extend the TiO2 absorption light to visible region via doping of bio-based carbon source, viz. ascorbic acid, to produce carbon-doped TiO2. The carbon-doped TiO2 were solvothermally synthesized with varying carbon loadings (10, 30, and 50 wt%) and calcination temperatures (250, 300, and 400 oC). The functional groups of carbon-doped TiO2 were determined, which the carbonyl groups (C=O) at 1700 cm-1, alkenyl groups (C=C) at 1630-1670 cm-1, hydroxyl groups at 3380-3390 cm-1, and TiO2 appeared at 450 cm-1. The absorption spectra shifted from UV to visible-light region and the band gap was reduced compared to undoped TiO2. The photoluminescence results showed that the surface oxygen vacancies (SOVs) are generated for carbon-doped TiO2. The Ti–C bond formation was proved through diffractogram peak shifting, while the crystallite sizes decrease with increasing carbon amount and decreasing calcination temperature. The highest methylene blue photodegradation of 89.53% was achieved by 30 wt%C-TiO2-250 photocatalyst at pH 10 under 2 h visible light irradiation. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Molar Ratio Comparison of Ti-Zr as Catalyst Support of Bentonite in Esterification Reaction Firmansyah, Sanji; Agustian, Egi; Rinaldi, Nino; Widiarti, Nuni; Hanifah, Yuliza; Maisaroh, Maisaroh; Sulaswatty, Anny
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 1 Year 2025 (April 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20258

Abstract

Natural bentonite from Pacitan - Indonesia as a support in the preparation of Ti and Zr-pillared metal catalysts (Ti-Zr/bent) for esterification reaction were studied. The preparation of Ti-Zr/bent catalyst was prepared to find out the effect of molar ratios (Ti:Zr) where an investigation was performed in the esterification of waste cooking oil. The catalyst was varied as follows: 0.5:1 (Ti-Zr-1/bent), 1:1 (Ti-Zr-2/bent), 1.5:1 (Ti-Zr-3/bent), 2:1 (Ti-Zr-4/bent), and 5:1 (Ti-Zr-5/bent) were used to determine the yield. The reaction was carried out for 3 hours at 150°C and a pressure of 40 bar N2 gasses. The result of the Ti-Zr/bent catalyst was given increasing significantly for surface area of 133–147 m²/g compares to bentonite 27 m²/g and 10 times of acidity. The best catalyst was shown in 2:1 of ratio Ti:Zr (molar) on esterification reaction with succesfuly performed about 80.40% of yield. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Enhancing Carbon Monoxide Oxidation of Cobalt-Nickel Containing A-Deficient Perovskites through Exsolution Agents and Reduction-Oxidation Pretreatment Liang, Lew Guo; Ramli, Wan Khairunnisa Wan; Ibrahim, Naimah; Abdullah, Sureena
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 1 Year 2025 (April 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20262

Abstract

In this work, different types of exsolution agents and pretreatment processes, comprising reduction-oxidation (RO) components, were introduced to modulate the exsolution process of A-deficient perovskites, La0.7Ce0.1Co0.3Ni0.1Ti0.6O3. The catalysts were assessed using field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM/EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Their carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation activity was also compared. The results showed that the catalytic activity degraded at 520 °C when hydrogen (E-H) was used as the exsolution agent. When RO components were introduced as exsolution agents (E-CO/O2) or in the pretreatment (RO2% and RO18%), the deactivation at high temperatures was mitigated. The results of this study showed that RO18% was favourably pretreated with RO components, recording the highest CO conversion of 60.57% at 520 °C and across all temperatures with no degradation at high temperature. It also recorded the lowest activation energy of 14.449 kJ/mol. The EDS, XRD, and XPS analyses of the catalyst demonstrated that the active sites for this reaction are primarily Co2+ with Ni serving as the anchor between the metals and perovskites support. A high amount of lattice oxygen (O2) with higher binding energy and chemisorbed O2 species also influenced the improved catalytic activity, attracting CO for reaction, reacting with the available surface O2 and the faster replenishment of O2 vacancies by the absorbed and bulk O2 lattice. These findings highlight the prospects of CO and O2 inclusion in pretreatment for perovskite catalyst as options to reduce metal agglomeration and further improve CO oxidation activity. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Effect of the Dimethylformamide/Isopropanol Solvent Ratio on the Structure, Optical Properties, and Photodegradation Performance of RhB Using Bi-MOF Bui Bao Long, Pham; Nguyen, Van Cuong; Pham, Hoang Ai Le; Ta, Qui Thanh Hoai; Dang, Huu Phuc
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 1 Year 2025 (April 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20345

Abstract

This study investigated the structural characteristics, surface morphology, and photocatalytic activity of bismuth-based metal-organic frameworks (BiBTC-ISOx) synthesized with varying ratios of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and isopropanol (ISO). X-ray diffraction confirmed the crystalline structure of the BiBTC-ISOx (x = 1, 3, 6) compounds, while FTIR spectroscopy verified the successful bonding between the ligand and the Bi3+ complex. UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed strong UV light absorption with tunable bandgaps ranging from 3.28 to 3.68 eV. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis revealed a hierarchical micro/mesoporous structure, with BiBTC-ISO6 exhibiting the highest surface area (24.968 m2/g). SEM imaging revealed a rectangular rod-like morphology, which became more elongated with increasing ISO content. The photocatalytic activity of BiBTC-ISOx was evaluated based on the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light, with BiBTC-ISO6 demonstrating the highest efficiency. Optimal conditions for RhB degradation were determined to be 0.03 g catalyst mass, 10 ppm RhB concentration, and pH of 3. Mechanistic studies revealed that superoxide radicals are the primary active species in the photocatalytic process. The BiBTC-ISO6 catalyst exhibited excellent stability and reusability over three consecutive degradation cycles, highlighting its potential for practical applications in organic dye removal. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Performance Test of Various Indonesian Natural Zeolites as Composite Components of NiMo/Al2O3-Zeolite Catalysts for Hydrocracking Used Cooking Oil into Biohydrocarbons Kurniawan, Amar Ariza; Rustyawan, Wawan; Ibadurrohman, Muhammad
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 1 Year 2025 (April 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20254

Abstract

Due to increasing demand for alternative energy sources, nonedible used cooking oil is being converted into biohydrocarbons as an eco-friendly renewable option. This study explores the use of three Indonesian zeolites; Lampung, Bayah, and Tasikmalaya as a composite components of NiMo/Al2O3-Zeolite catalysts to enhance conversion and yields, promoting the use of sustainable domestic resources. The NiMo/γ-Al2O3-zeolite catalyst, with alumina-to-zeolite ratios of 75:25 and 25:75, effectively converted used cooking oil into biohydrocarbons products—green diesel and gasoline. The NiMo/γ-Al2O3 (75%)-Bayah Natural Zeolite (25%) catalyst exhibited a surface area of 194 m²/g, pore volume of 0.45 cm3/g, 7.01% Mo content, and a crystal size of 117.74 nm. At 370 °C, this catalyst achieved a 93% conversion, with GC-simdis analysis confirming 13% gasoline and 78% diesel fractions. This research demonstrates that Indonesian natural zeolites can be effectively used to convert used cooking oil into biohydrocarbons, achieving high conversion and desired product selectivity. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Effect of Ammonia, Urea, and Magnesium Modification on γ-Al2O3 Support in Enhancing the Catalytic Performance for Hydrodemetallization and Hydrodesulfurization Rustyawan, Wawan; Makertihartha, I. G. B. N.; Muraza, Oki; Gamar, Ismal; Nurdini, Nadya; Kadja, Grandprix T.M.; Rasrenda, Carolus B.
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 2 Year 2025 (August 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20360

Abstract

This research investigates the modification of γ−Al₂O₃ using ammonia, urea, and magnesium acetate to enhance its catalytic properties for hydrodemetallization (HDM) and hydrodesulfurization (HDS). Structural modifications affected the mineral composition, crystal size distribution, and textural properties of the support, with boehmite crystal sizes consistently ranging from 7 to 10 nm. Textural analysis indicated that alumina supports modified with urea and ammonia demonstrated enhanced characteristics, including elevated specific surface area (SBET), pore volume (VT), and pore size distribution (d), which are essential for catalytic performance. The modified catalyst (HM) exhibited significant hydrodemetalation efficiency, attaining metal removal rates of 98% for iron, 71% for vanadium, and 99% for nickel. In the HDS reaction, HM demonstrated the highest sulfur conversion of 20.9% at 315 °C, due to its capacity to sustain active site availability. The primary cause of catalyst deactivation was metal deposition, which resulted in pore blockage and diminished efficiency. The findings underscore the importance of support modification in enhancing catalytic performance, indicating HM as a viable catalyst for future heavy oil refining applications. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Polyethyleneimine-Functionalized Magnetic Bagasse Composite for Efficient Adsorptive Removal of Yellow 4GL and Black R–S Dyes Vu, Thi Thuy Hong; Bui, Thi Diem; Nguyen, Le Huu Khanh; Nguyen, Thi Hong Anh
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 2 Year 2025 (August 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20368

Abstract

Efficient removal of dye contaminants from wastewater remains a significant environmental challenge. In this study, a polyethyleneimine (PEI)-modified magnetic bagasse composite was synthesized by integrating sugarcane bagasse, PEI, Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, and glutaraldehyde as cross-linking. The synthesized material was comprehensively characterized using SEM, BET, XRD, TGA, and FTIR techniques to elucidate its structural and physicochemical properties. Adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the effects of adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, pH, and contact time on the removal efficiency of Yellow 4GL and Black R-S dyes. The PEI-magnetic bagasse composite (PMBC) demonstrated impressive adsorption capacities of 185.19 mg/g for Yellow 4GL and 204.08 mg/g for Black R-S. The adsorption kinetics conformed to the pseudo-second-order model, indicating that chemisorption dominated the process, driven by electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding between the amino groups of PEI and the sulfonate groups of the dyes.
S-scheme g-C3N4/PVA Heterojunction with Enhanced Photocatalytic Reduction of Aqueous Cr(VI) and Mechanism Guo, Tianhong; Jiang, Yingxing; Luo, Yuanyuan; Liang, Xianhui; Zhao, Xinshan; Li, Jing
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 2 Year 2025 (August 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20350

Abstract

Bulk g-C3N4 was synthesized using melamine as a precursor through thermal polymerization followed by high-temperature quenching. Subsequently, a g-C3N4/PVA heterojunction featuring evenly dispersed PVA on its surface was fabricated via in-situ hydrothermal synthesis. The impact of hydrothermal temperature and PVA concentration on the light absorption, bandgap energy, specific surface area, and charge carrier transport characteristics of g-C3N4/PVA were explored. Experimental findings indicate that PVA modification reduces nitrogen-vacancy defects in the g-C3N4/PVA heterojunction, thereby enhancing its visible-light photocatalytic activity compared to bulk g-C3N4. Specifically, g-C3N4/PVA-3 exhibits a 2.93-fold higher reaction rate for Cr(VI) photocatalytic reduction under visible light (0.017 min–1) than bulk g-C3N4 (0.0058 min–1), with a TOF of 0.0079 h–1. Electrochemical tests confirm that the enhanced activity arises from improved light-induced charge transfer and separation efficiency. Based on Mott-Schottky analysis and the identification of •OH and •O2– as reactive species, a mechanism for Cr(VI) reduction by S-scheme g-C3N4/PVA heterojunctions is proposed. This study presents an economically viable and efficient method for developing high-performance conjugated polymer-modified photocatalysts. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Backmatter (Publication Ethics, Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing Form) Istadi, Istadi
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 1 Year 2025 (April 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20365

Abstract

Backmatter (Publication Ethics, Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing Form)

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