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Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Published by Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society
ISSN : -     EISSN : 19782993     DOI : https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, a reputable international journal, provides a forum for publishing the novel technologies related to the catalyst, catalysis, chemical reactor, kinetics, and chemical reaction engineering. Scientific articles dealing with the following topics in chemical reaction engineering, catalysis science, and engineering, catalyst preparation method and characterization, novel innovation of chemical reactor, kinetic studies, etc. are particularly welcome. However, articles concerned on the general chemical engineering process are not covered and out of the scope of this journal. This journal encompasses Original Research Articles, Review Articles (only selected/invited authors), and Short Communications, including: fundamentals of catalyst and catalysis; materials and nano-materials for catalyst; chemistry of catalyst and catalysis; surface chemistry of catalyst; applied catalysis; applied bio-catalysis; applied chemical reaction engineering; catalyst regeneration; catalyst deactivation; photocatalyst and photocatalysis; electrocatalysis for fuel cell application; applied bio-reactor; membrane bioreactor; fundamentals of chemical reaction engineering; kinetics studies of chemical reaction engineering; chemical reactor design (not process parameter optimization); enzymatic catalytic reaction (not process parameter optimization); kinetic studies of enzymatic reaction (not process parameter optimization); the industrial practice of catalyst; the industrial practice of chemical reactor engineering; application of plasma technology in catalysis and chemical reactor; and advanced technology for chemical reactors design. However, articles concerned about the "General Chemical Engineering Process" are not covered and out of the scope of this journal.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Katalisis
Articles 838 Documents
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Acidic Deep Eutectic Solvent as a Catalyst for the Esterification of Levulinic Acid to Ethyl Levulinate Jamarudin, Aizah; Zainol, Muzakkir Mohammad; Hassan, Abdull Hafidz; Ismail, Siti Norazian; Asmadi, Mohd; Zainuddin, Kamarul Ridwan; Yusof, Nurul Asyikin; Anggoro, Didi Dwi
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 1 Year 2025 (April 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20253

Abstract

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are environmentally friendly compounds that can be synthesized through the combination of hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors. The diverse applications of DESs underscore their potential as catalysts in various chemical reactions. In this study, an acidic DES was prepared as a catalyst for levulinic acid (LA) esterification with ethanol to produce ethyl levulinate (EL). The acidic DES was prepared from choline chloride and sulfanilic acid through thermal mixing. Characterization of the DES was conducted using Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis to identify its functional groups and confirm the structure. Additionally, the thermal stability of the DES was analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis, while its acidity was determined using acid-base titration. The esterification of LA with ethanol was assessed under reflux conditions at 80 °C, with specific parameters examined: the molar ratio of LA to ethanol (ranging from 1:5 to 1:13), the ratio of LA to DES (ranging from 1:0.4 to 1:1.4), and the reaction duration (0.5–5 h). The DES used in this work showed an acidity of 2.89 mmol/g. The optimum conditions were obtained at a 1:7 molar ratio of LA to ethanol, a 1:1.2 ratio of LA to DES, and 3 h of reaction time at 80 °C, resulting in 99% conversion of LA to EL. This finding highlights the remarkable catalytic performance of the choline chloride/sulfanilic acid DES in facilitating a highly efficient conversion of LA to EL. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Temperature and Cr-Co ratio on Production of Diethyl Ether from Ethanol Dehydration using Cr-Co/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst Muna, Izza Aliyatul; Kurniawansyah, Firman; Mahfud, Mahfud; Roesyadi, Achmad
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 4 Year 2024 (December 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20237

Abstract

The running down of fossil fuels and rising environmental concerns, there is an increasing emphasis on identifying eco-friendly alternative energy sources. Diethyl ether (DEE) is considered one such additive fuel that can replace fossil fuels. In this study, DEE was synthesized through the reaction dehydration of ethanol using γ-alumina catalysts impregnated with chromium and cobalt. The dehydration of ethanol performed in a fixed bed reactor using Cr-Co/γ-Al2O3catalysts loading. The effect of metal ratio of Cr-Co was examined. Catalyst characterization was carried out using XRD, BET, and SEM-EDX analyses. The dehydration reaction was conducted in a fixed-bed reactor at temperatures 100 to 200 ºC, with nitrogen gas flowrates between 200 and 600 mL/min as the carrier gas. The findings revealed that the increase chromium contents, and the temperature were augmenting the diethyl ether yield. And the increase of nitrogen flow rate is slightly increasing the yield of DEE and conversion of ethanol. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
CuAl-LDH Modified with Filamentous Macroalgae for Anionic Dyes Removal: A Study on Selectivity, Adsorption Efficiency, and Regeneration Wijaya, Alfan; Hanum, Laila; Melwita, Elda; Lesbani, Aldes
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 4 Year 2024 (December 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20223

Abstract

Continuous modifications of Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) materials are essential to enhance their structural stability and improve their capacity for pollutant adsorption, addressing the need for more effective remediation strategies in environmental applications. This research study has proposed the preparation of CuAl-LDH supported filamentous macroalgae of Spirogyra sp. (CuAl-LDH/SA) via coprecipitation and hydrothermal methods. The prepared CuAl-LDH/SA composites were investigated for the adsorption of direct yellow 12 (DY) and remazol red (RR) dyes in batch mode experiments. The structure and morphology of the prepared CuAl-LDH/SA were identified by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR), (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) BET surface area, Thermogravimetry / Differential Thermal Analyzer (TG/DTA), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). For the adsorption process, the effects of initial pH, contact time, initial concentration, temperature, adsorption selectivity, and adsorbent regeneration, as well as kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics were studied. The adsorption selectivity test resulted in the RR dye being more selective compared to DY. The maximum capacities for RR adsorption were 72.464 mg/g (pH = 2, 150 min, 303 K). CuAl-LDH/SA can be regenerated for 4 cycles with a percent removal of 29.32%. The adsorption process followed the intraparticle diffusion kinetics model and Langmuir isotherm. Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption of RR using CuAl-LDH/SA was endothermic and spontaneous. The results of this study indicate that CuAl-LDH/SA composite material shows potential material in the removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solutions. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Oxidation of Styrene to Benzaldehyde Using Environmentally Friendly Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate-Supported Titania Catalysts Koesnarpadi, Soerja; Wirawan, Teguh; Nurhadi, Mukhamad; Wirhanuddin, Wirhanuddin; Prananto, Yuniar Ponco; Nazarudin, Nazarudin; Degirmenci, Volkan; Lai, Sin Yuan; Nur, Hadi
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 4 Year 2024 (December 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20224

Abstract

This paper presents the synthesis and characterization of calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH)-supported titania (TiO2) catalysts and their application in the environmentally friendly oxidation of styrene to benzaldehyde using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the oxidant. The study explores the catalyst's structure-activity relationship, emphasizing the importance of mesoporous materials for enhanced catalytic performance. The CSH-Titania catalysts were synthesized using fish bone-derived CSH as a support, which aligns with green chemistry principles. Characterization techniques such as Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis confirmed the successful impregnation of titania and its catalytic efficiency. The catalysts exhibited high selectivity for benzaldehyde, achieving up to 49.45% conversion of styrene, with benzaldehyde as being the main product. The research highlights that the catalyst’s performance decreased after calcination due to a reduced surface area and pore volume, yet it maintained recyclability across three cycles with minimal  lose  in selectivity loss. Overall, this study introduces a cost-effective and sustainable approach to styrene oxidation, demonstrating the potential for industrial application in producing high-value chemicals with minimal environmental impact. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Oligomerization of Fischer-Tropsch Olefins by Radical Initiation Method for Synthesizing Poly Olefin Base Oils Kataria, Yash Vijay; Kashparova, Vera P.; Klushin, Victor А.; Papeta, Olga P.; Yakovenko, Roman E.; Zubkov, Ivan N.
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 3 Year 2024 (October 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20205

Abstract

In the present work we have investigated the oligomerization process of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products – gasoline (C5-C10) and diesel (C11-C18) hydrocarbon fractions with a total olefin content (consisting mainly olefins with a branched isomeric chain) of 79.3 and 31.8 wt.%, respectively. Oligomerization was carried out by radical initiation method using azobisisobutyronitrile, benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (Butanox M-50) as initiators. It was established that the yield of the oligomerization process depending on the initiator used decreases in the following order: azobisisobutyronitrile > benzoyl peroxide > dicumyl peroxide > Butanox M-50. It was determined that when the oligomerization is carried out in polar solvents such as acetone and dichloromethane the yield of product increases by ~2.1 and ~1.7 times, respectively, while at the same time adding a non-polar solvent such as tetrachloromethane to the reaction mixture decreases the product yield by ~2.0 times. The optimal technological parameters for carrying out oligomerization process of synthetic gasoline and diesel fractions were determined: where azobisisobutyronitrile, content 0.5 wt.%., is used as an initiator, acetone as solvent, with reaction temperature of 200 °C, and duration of 12 hrs. under inert atmosphere. The product yield from the diesel fraction is 39.5 %, and from the synthetic gasoline fraction – 36.0 %. At the same time, in terms of characteristics, the oligomerization product of the diesel fraction showed properties similar to commercially available Base oil 3cSt (Group III), and the gasoline fraction showed properties on par with the commercially produced PAO-2 (Group IV). Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Pure Phase Co3O4 Anchored on Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon for High-Performance Lithium-ion Batteries Ruan, Qingling; Yang, Zhehan; Liu, Yan; Xu, Junjie; Zhang, Jie; Dai, Jinhang; Gu, Xingxing
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 1 Year 2025 (April 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20238

Abstract

Transition metal oxides (TMOs), due to their high theoretical capacity, and long cycling stability, have received increasing attention as the anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this work, a kind of TMOs, Co3O4, anchored on nitrogen-doped porous carbon (NC), has been successfully synthesized via calcining cobalt salts and biomass precursor together. The synthesized Co3O4/NC as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries illustrates excellent cycling performances. At a current density of 1.0 A.g-1, the Co3O4/NC anode could maintain a superior high reversible capacity of 1131.4 mAh.g-1 after 2000 cycles. Even if the current increases to 8.0 A.g-1, it still shows a reversible capacity of 502.9 mAh.g-1. Such excellent electrochemical performances could be attributed to the high specific surface area of NC that facilitates the uniform dispersion of Co3O4 nanoparticles on it as well as the abundant porous structure and good conductivity of NC that enhance the Li+ transfer and electrons transfer, respectively. In a word, this work provides a simple strategy for synthesizing the NC-supported pure phase Co3O4 composite anode material for realizing high-performance LIBs. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Energy-efficient Carbon-doped TiO2 for Visible Light Degradation of Methyl Orange: Preparation, Performance, and Mechanism Han, Xinying; Guo, Yubei; Goh, Chien Yong; Ngan, Cheng Loong; Tan, Jian Ping; Tan, Peng Chee; Lai, Sin Yuan
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 4 Year 2024 (December 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20236

Abstract

Water pollution caused by textile dyes has become a serious issue, making the treatment of sewage urgent. Carbon-doped TiO2 (C-doped TiO2), using alkanes and polyols as carbon sources, has been found to be light-responsive in degrading dyes. However, there is a lack of studies on the interfacial interaction between carboxylic acids and TiO2. Therefore, citric acid, a triprotic, hexadentate carboxylic acid, was used to dope TiO2 through solvothermal-calcination. The effects of carbon content and calcination temperature on the photodegradation performance of C-doped TiO2 were investigated. The band gap energy of C-doped TiO2 was found to be narrower (2.67 eV) than that of undoped TiO2 (2.88 eV). After carbon doping, the absorption band extended from the UV to the visible regions, lowering the energy required for electron excitation. The functional groups present on C-doped TiO2 assisted in the adsorption of methyl orange (MO), assisting in photodegradation. Only the anatase phase of TiO2 was observed at calcination temperatures between 250 and 400 °C. Photoluminescence analysis revealed that a lower carbon content and slightly higher calcination temperature resulted in better interfacial charge separation and transfer efficiency. The 10 wt% C-doped TiO2 calcined at 300 °C demonstrated the best MO photodegradation efficiency of 62.1% under visible light illumination. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Enhanced Removal Efficiency of Malachite Green Dye Using Gambir Leaf Extract-Modified NiFe LDH Composites: A Study of Cationic Dye Adsorption Jefri, Jefri; Fithri, Najma Annuria; Lesbani, Aldes
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 4 Year 2024 (December 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20215

Abstract

A NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) composite with Uncaria gambir (UG) leaf extract was successfully synthesized. The composite (NiFe-UG LDH) and the base material (NiFe LDH) were identified using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) Surface Area techniques. The XRD and FTIR results revealed the incorporation of gambier leaf extract into the NiFe LDH structure, as indicated by the combined diffraction patterns and spectral features. The BET analysis indicated a decrease in the surface area of NiFe-UG LDH compared to that of NiFe LDH, suggesting that active compounds from the gambier leaf extract effectively coated the LDH surface and blocked its pores. During malachite green (MG) adsorption, NiFe-UG demonstrated faster adsorption kinetics and a higher adsorption efficiency, reaching 96.420% compared to 92.085% for NiFe LDH. While both materials followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, their isotherm behaviors differed: NiFe-UG adhered to the Langmuir model, indicating monolayer adsorption, whereas NiFe LDH followed the Freundlich model, signifying multilayer adsorption. Further analysis suggested that adsorption in NiFe LDH was primarily governed by physisorption, while in NiFe-UG, a combined physisorption-chemisorption mechanism occurred. These results underscore the enhanced adsorption capacity of the composite material, attributed to the introduction of additional functional groups from the gambier leaf extract. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Backmatter (Publication Ethics, Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing Form) Istadi, Istadi
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 4 Year 2024 (December 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20335

Abstract

Backmatter (Publication Ethics, Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing Form)
Sonochemically Modified Lapindo Mud Using Sulfuric Acid for Efficient Adsorption of Phenol in Aqueous Media and Real Wastewater Samples Wijaya, Karna; Bhagaskara, Adyatma; Sani, Maria Francia Mirabella; Vebryana, Marini Fairuz; Pratama, Fernando Alvaro; Anggraeni, Widuri; Amin, Amalia Kurnia; Ramadhani, Faturrahman Al; Saviola, Aldino Javier
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 4 Year 2024 (December 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20228

Abstract

Pharmaceutical industrial wastewater frequently contains high amounts of phenolic substances, which pose severe threats to the ecosystem and human health. Therefore, efficient removal of these pollutants is urgently needed. In the present work, sulfated Lapindo mud (SLM) was prepared using the sonochemical method and applied as an adsorbent for phenol removal in aqueous media and actual wastewater samples from Code River, Yogyakarta. Modification of Lapindo mud (LM) using sulfuric acid enables it to remove its impurities, resulting in a material containing 78.4% silica (SiO2) and 15.3% alumina (Al2O3). The SLM adsorbent demonstrated sufficient adsorption performance of 49.8% with an optimal initial phenol concentration of 120 mg/L with a contact time of 100 min at pH of 10. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) obtained by the Langmuir isotherm model was 27.2 mg/g. The adsorption process follows pseudo-second-order because it has two active sites, Brønsted acid sites (–SiOH and –SO3H) and Lewis acid sites (Si4+). Phenol in base condition undergoes a deprotonation reaction that is stabilized by the acid-active sites of the SLM adsorbent through intermolecular forces. Considering the large adsorption capacity and quick kinetic, the SLM adsorbent can be a promising cheap and green material to remove phenolic substances in wastewater, especially in the river near the medical facility. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

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