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Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Published by Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society
ISSN : -     EISSN : 19782993     DOI : https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, a reputable international journal, provides a forum for publishing the novel technologies related to the catalyst, catalysis, chemical reactor, kinetics, and chemical reaction engineering. Scientific articles dealing with the following topics in chemical reaction engineering, catalysis science, and engineering, catalyst preparation method and characterization, novel innovation of chemical reactor, kinetic studies, etc. are particularly welcome. However, articles concerned on the general chemical engineering process are not covered and out of the scope of this journal. This journal encompasses Original Research Articles, Review Articles (only selected/invited authors), and Short Communications, including: fundamentals of catalyst and catalysis; materials and nano-materials for catalyst; chemistry of catalyst and catalysis; surface chemistry of catalyst; applied catalysis; applied bio-catalysis; applied chemical reaction engineering; catalyst regeneration; catalyst deactivation; photocatalyst and photocatalysis; electrocatalysis for fuel cell application; applied bio-reactor; membrane bioreactor; fundamentals of chemical reaction engineering; kinetics studies of chemical reaction engineering; chemical reactor design (not process parameter optimization); enzymatic catalytic reaction (not process parameter optimization); kinetic studies of enzymatic reaction (not process parameter optimization); the industrial practice of catalyst; the industrial practice of chemical reactor engineering; application of plasma technology in catalysis and chemical reactor; and advanced technology for chemical reactors design. However, articles concerned about the "General Chemical Engineering Process" are not covered and out of the scope of this journal.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Katalisis
Articles 838 Documents
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Low Temperature Synthesis of Biodiesel via Heterogeneous Potassium-Alumina Catalyst Az Zahra, Aghietyas Choirun; Cengko, Geraldi; Hijran, Azra; Rizkiana, Jenny
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 2 Year 2025 (August 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20349

Abstract

Indonesia, one of the world's largest producers of crude palm oil (CPO), is aiming to achieve a renewable energy mix target of 23% by 2025 through the implementation of a B35 policy, blending diesel with fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) derived from CPO transesterification. Traditionally, homogeneous catalysts are used in this process, but their sensitivity to free fatty acids reduces biodiesel yield. Therefore, heterogeneous catalysts are being developed to overcome this issue, contributing to sustainable biodiesel production. However, certain heterogeneous catalysts require high temperature, more methanol, longer reaction times, necessitating the exploration of more optimal catalyst options. This study introduces an approach by exploring the use of heterogeneous K2O/g-Al2O3 catalysts in biodiesel production from RBDPO under low-temperature conditions (40 °C), a significant reduction from the commonly operated temperature of near the boiling point of methanol at 60 °C. Utilizing KI and KNO3 as precursors, the effect on different catalyst precursor, temperatures and reaction time were examined. It was found that temperature has the highest effect on conversion. The transesterification process yielded biodiesel with FAME levels ranging from 95.84% to 98.17%, meeting the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7182:2015) for biodiesel quality. The findings indicate that both KI and KNO3 precursors result in highly active K2O/g-Al2O3 catalysts, achieving high conversion at 40 °C within a 1-hour reaction time, thus demonstrating their effectiveness in low-temperature biodiesel synthesis. This low-temperature process has the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption in industrial biodiesel production. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Oxidative Oligomerization of Fischer–Tropsch Internal Olefins Catalyzed by Metal Octoates of s, p and d Block Elements Kataria, Yash Vijay; Lavrenov, Sergey A.; Yakovenko, Evgeniya Yu.; Klushin, Victor А.; Yakovenko, Roman E.; Kashparova, Vera P.; Zubkov, Ivan N.
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 3 Year 2025 (October 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20363

Abstract

In the present work we further expanded the scope of the study of the oxidative oligomerization process of synthetic hydrocarbon fraction obtained by Fischer–Tropsch synthesis with a total olefin content (consisting predominantly internal/branched olefins) of 10 % with the aim of producing poly-α-olefin like lubricant material. The oxidative oligomerization was carried out using commercially available metal octoates based on Co, Mn, Zn, Ca, Ba, Li, Zr, Cu and Pb and their combinations as catalyst. It was established that the yield of the oligomerization reaction depending on the active metal component used decreased in the following order: Ba > Zr > Zn > Co > Mn > Ca > Li > Cu > Pb. While at the same time, the oxidative oligomerization reaction carried out using bimetallic catalytic systems did not led to any significant increase in the product yield. The oxidative oligomerization reaction using Ba octoate as catalyst gave a yield of 30.4 % and had a kinematic viscosity at 100 °C of 3.6 cSt, Viscosity Index value of 201 and pour point of minus 10. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Nanostructured Ni-B Seed Layer Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction Morshedlo, Taghi; Hosseini, Seyed Alireza; Shahini, Mohammad Hossein; Ghorbanzadeh, Soghra; Alishahi, Mostafa
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 3 Year 2025 (October 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20392

Abstract

The current study investigates the electrocatalytic activity of the nanostructured Ni-B seed layer deposited on carbon paper for the oxygen evolution reaction. Accordingly, the influence of several fabrication parameters and post-heat treatment on the electrocatalytic behavior of the samples is studied. Nanostructure seed Ni-B/CP electrodes were synthesized by an electroless deposition method, and a uniform layer of nanostructure seeds was obtained after 120 s of deposition time. Results have shown by the rising B content the catalytic properties of the Ni-B/CP electrodes are enhanced. The catalytic activity for OER diminished after heat treatment at 400 ºC for 1 h. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Impact of Zirconia and Lanthanum Promoters on Multiwalled CNT Generation in Dry Reforming of Methane Manan, Wan Nabilah; Wan Isahak, Wan Nor Roslam; Yaakob, Zahira; Samidin, Salma
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 2 Year 2025 (August 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20266

Abstract

In this study, three distinct carbon nanotubes (CNTs) — Zr-Ni/CeO2, La-Ni/CeO2, and Ni/CeO2 were produced via dry reforming of methane (DRM) at 800°C for 180 minutes. These catalysts were initially synthesized using ultrasonic-assisted citric impregnation method to enhance metal promoter dispersion. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that Zr and La doping minimized carbon deposition. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis revealed typical mesoporous structures of stacked laminar nanorods. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) quantified carbon deposits as Zr-Ni/CeO2 (5.1 wt%) < La-Ni/CeO2 (7.85 wt%) < Ni/CeO2 (11.3 wt%). TEM and FESEM confirmed the formation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), while XPS provided insights into surface chemistry, oxidation states, and defect sites. Doping with Zr and La enhanced crystallinity, CeZr phase formation, thermal stability, and reduced carbon deposition, with MWCNTs exhibiting higher graphitization (IG/ID: Zr-Ni/CeO2 = 1.25, La-Ni/CeO2 = 1.59) compared to Ni/CeO2 (IG/ID = 1.15). This discovery represents a breakthrough in catalyst development, providing a dual advantage of reducing carbon deposition and boosting H₂ production in the Dry Reforming of Methane (DRM) process. The carbon formed is primarily multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), which not only minimize harmful carbon accumulation but also enhance overall catalytic performance. This innovation offers a sustainable solution for carbon management and the conversion of greenhouse gases. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Prepared via Green Synthesis from Amomum Subulatum: Investigation of its Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Catalytic Properties in Dye Degradation Baghel, Sonam; Khurana, Monika; Gupta, Prachi
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 3 Year 2025 (October 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20374

Abstract

The seeds extract of Amomum Subulatum commonly known as black cardamom is used for preparing Silver Nanoparticles (AgNps) via green route. The characterization of these nanoparticles was done by UV-visible, Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques. The UV-vis spectra showed sharp absorption maximum at 432 nm that confirmed that AgNPs were synthesized successfully. The TEM measurements indicated that AgNps are mostly spherical with a few having hexagonal and trigonal shapes with size range of 13-21 nm. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) confirmed the stability of AgNps having negative zeta potential. XRD confirmed the mono-crystallinity of the prepared AgNps. A significant zone of inhibition is observed by these nanoparticles against gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. These nanoparticles exhibit a significant catalytic activity with respect of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The synthesized AgNps act as a catalyst and degraded the organic dyes, Methylene Blue (MB) and Methylene Orange (MO) by Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Modeling Syngas Fermentation for Ethanol Production under Fluctuating Inlet Gas Composition Istiqomah, Noviani Arifina; Mukti, Rendy; Kresnowati, Made Tri Ari Penia; Setiadi, Tjandra
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 2 Year 2025 (August 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20369

Abstract

Syngas fermentation effectively converts CO, H₂, and CO₂ into valuable biofuels and chemicals. This study investigated the effects of fluctuating syngas composition and kLa as the critical operational parameters on microbial fermentation performance, with a focus on ethanol, acetic acid, and biomass production. Modeling results demonstrated that increasing CO concentration significantly enhanced metabolite production, whereas increases in H₂ and CO₂ concentrations yielded limited improvements. The findings revealed that a higher H₂/CO ratio tent to reduce metabolite production, while a higher CO/CO₂ ratio significantly improved fermentation outcomes. Additionally, higher kLa values were observed to promote metabolite production, though diminishing returns were evident at very high kLa levels. Further study on the impact of syngas composition disturbances (±5% to ±20%) and fluctuation durations (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 days) indicated that larger disturbances and longer fluctuation durations led to greater deviations in metabolite concentrations, with ethanol being the most sensitive, followed by acetic acid and biomass. Despite these fluctuations, the microbial system displayed resilience, stabilizing once gas composition returned to normal levels. These insights underscored the adaptability and robustness of syngas fermentation systems, making them viable for industrial applications where gas composition variability is inevitable. The ability to tolerate moderate fluctuations offers opportunities to reduce gas pretreatment costs and process syngas from diverse sources, benefiting industries such as steel manufacturing, oil refining, and biomass gasification. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
One-step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Fe3O4/GO Composites Combined with Persulfate for the Removal of Reactive Black in Aqueous Solution Sun, Zhaonan; Zhao, Wei; Wu, Jiayi; Shi, Ke; Zhang, Lin; Kou, Wei
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 3 Year 2025 (October 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20355

Abstract

An environmentally friendly magnetic Fe3O4/graphene oxide (Fe-GO) composite was synthesized via a hydrothermal method for persulfate (PDS) activation. The composite was systematically characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. Furthermore, the degradation performance of reactive black 5 (RB5) in the composite/PDS system was investigated under varying conditions, including composite dosage, PDS concentration, initial RB5 concentration, solution pH, and oscillation frequency. The experiments showed that the RB5 removal efficiency could reach 99.2% with good reproducibility under the conditions of 0.8 g/L of composites, 3 mol/L of PDS, 200 r/min of stirring speed, pH = 6, and 25℃ for 180 min. Quenching experiments showed that four active reactive substances, sulfate radicals SO4-·), hydroxyl radicals (·OH), oxygen radicals (O2·−) and single linear oxygen (1O2), existed in the composite/PDS system, of which 1O2 played a crucial role in the degradation of RB5. Cycling tests showed that the Fe-GO composites were stable and had good application prospects. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Salt-Assisted Mesostructured Cellular Foam (MCF) Silica Synthesis from Bagasse Bottom Ash for Enzymatic Starch Hydrolysis Agustian, Joni; Hermida, Lilis
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 3 Year 2025 (October 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20379

Abstract

Synthesis of MCF silica is presently conducted solely using TEOS and TMB, with the purpose of immobilizing amylolytic enzymes.  Utilizing BBA and KCl to create the salt-assisted MCF silica present a viable option for converting a natural waste into an effective enzyme carrier, given its substantial silica content.  The objectives were to produce the MCF silica, to employee the MCF silica as the glucoamylase carrier, and to know characteristics of the immobilized enzyme by conducting hydrolysis of starches.  The carrier had surface area of 45.5 m2 g-1, pore volume of 0.12 cm3 g-1, pore size of 9.3 nm, and mesoporous silica type IV.  Reduction in the carrier pore diameter and the medium to strong FTIR vibrations indicated free glucoamylase immobilization on carrier.  The immobilization reached 88.5% efficiency, influenced by factors such as initial enzyme concentration, PO₄ buffer pH, and temperature, with agitation speed having a minor impact.  This optimum value was obtained at the initial enzyme concentration of 9.0 mg mL-1, agitation speed of 120 rpm, buffer pH of 5.5, and temperature of 30°C.  Hydrolysis of starches (tapioca, wheat, potato, corn) resulted in Dextrose Equivalent (DE) values ranging from 5.1% to 63.9%, with the immobilized glucoamylase showing better performance in potato starch hydrolysis (DE of 63.9%) and corn starch (DE of 45.6%).  The use of BBA in synthesis of the salt-assisted MCF silica proved to be a viable and sustainable alternative for enzyme immobilization, with potential applications in industrial starch hydrolysis.
Nigella Sativa-mediated Synthesis of BiVO4/g-C3N4 Composites for the Removal of Methylene Blue Dye Haryadinaru, Ghinatanitha Haqqu; Setyaningtyas, Tien; Riapanitra, Anung
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 2 Year 2025 (August 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20354

Abstract

This study investigates the synthesis and photocatalytic performance of BiVO4-Nigella Sativa/g-C3N4 composites for the degradation of methylene blue dye. The composites were synthesized using a coprecipitation method and characterized through various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine their crystal structure, chemical composition, morphology, adsorption and photocatalytic abilities. A variation of mass ratios of BiVO4 to g-C3N4 of 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 was used in this investigation. The photocatalytic test results indicated that the composite with a mass ratio of 1:2 achieved the highest methylene blue degradation, reaching 91.73%, which was primarily attributed to an adsorption activity of 81.12% and a photocatalytic degradation of 10.60%. The photocatalytic activity was significantly enhanced under alkaline conditions, particularly at pH levels between 9 and 10, which facilitated the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The study highlights the synergistic effects of the BiVO4 and g-C3N4 combination, which promotes efficient charge transfer, reduces electron-hole recombination, and expands light absorption due to a decrease in the effective bandgap energy. Overall, the findings indicate that BiVO4-Nigella Sativa/g-C3N4 composites have considerable potential for application in wastewater treatment, particularly for the remediation of organic dye pollutants. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Eco-Friendly Photocatalyst from Limestone: ZnO-Hydroxyapatite Composite for Efficient Rhodamine B Removal Sukarta, I Nyoman; Suyasa, I Wayan Budiarsa; Mahardika, I Gede; Suprihatin, Iryanti Eka; Sastrawidana, I Dewa Ketut; Wiratma, I Gusti Lanang; Darmayasa, Dewa Komang
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 3 Year 2025 (October 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20426

Abstract

This study aims to synthesize and characterize a limestone-based ZnO-hydroxyapatite (HA/ZnO) composite and evaluate its performance in the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under UV irradiation. Hydroxyapatite was synthesized by reacting calcined CaO from limestone with orthophosphoric acid and subsequently combined with ZnO via a co-precipitation–hydrothermal method. The materials were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) to determine their crystal structure and functional groups. The HA/ZnO composite exhibited the smallest crystallite size (14.86 nm), indicating enhanced surface area and strong interfacial interaction. Photodegradation tests revealed optimal conditions at pH of 9, Rhodamine B concentration of 20 mg/L, and catalyst dosage of 1.5 g, achieving a maximum degradation efficiency of 99.81%. Toxicity assessment using a corn seed germination test showed a significant increase in germination rate from 16% (untreated) to 92% (after photocatalytic treatment). These findings suggest that the limestone-derived HA/ZnO composite is a promising, environmentally friendly, and efficient photocatalyst for textile dye wastewater treatment. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

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