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USRATY : Journal of Islamic Family Law
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30267404     DOI : 10.30983/usraty
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
FOCUS Usraty focuses to provide a scientific article on Islamic family law that developed in attendance through the article publications. SCOPE Usraty welcomes papers from academicians on theories, philosophy, conceptual paradigms, academic research, as well as religious practices. In particular, papers that consider the following general topics are invited. 1. Marriage 2. Inheritance 3. Testament (washiah) 4. Divorce 5. Property in marriage 6. Childcare, 7. Women and children rights 8. The rights and obligations of family 9. Endowments (wakaf) 10. Marriage and Gender
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 94 Documents
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Wakaf Pada Asuransi Jiwa Syariah: Analisis Pada Fatwa Dsn-Mui No:106/Dsn-Mui/X/2016 Muhammad Fauzi; Mursal Mursal; Muhammad Ridha DS
USRATY : Journal of Islamic Family Law Vol 1, No 2 (2023): Desember 2023
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/usraty.v1i2.7570

Abstract

Perwakafan di Indonesia secara terus meneurus dilakukan pengembanganya, terutama adanya pengembangan konsepsi berwakaf dalam bentuk asuransi jiwa syariah. DSN-MUI telah menetapkan kebolehanya, sebagaimana yang termuat didalam fatwa yang bernomor 106 pada tahun 2016. Karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsep dan ketentuan hukum wakaf pada asuransi jiwa syariah yang diatur berdasarkan Fatwa DSN-MUI No: 106/DSN-MUI/X/2016. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data berifat kepustakaan (metode library research), dengan menggunakan Fatwa DSN-MUI No: 106/DSN-MUI/X/2016 sebagai sumber primer, dan dengan mempergunakan content analysis sebagai alat analisis data. Pada wakaf manfaat asuransi ketentuan yang harus diperhatikan, seperti pihak yang ditunjuk untuk menerima manfaat asuransi menyatakan janji yang mengikat untuk mewakafkan manfaat asuransi, dan juga memperhatikan manfaat asuransi yang boleh diwakafkan paling banyak 45% dari total manfaat asuransi, dan juga semua calon penerima manfaat asuransi yang ditunjuk atau penggantinya menyatakan persetujuan dan kesepakatannya, serta memperhatikan ikrar wakaf dilaksanakan setelah manfaat asuransi secara prinsip sudah menjadi hak pihak yang ditunjuk atau penggantinya. Sementara, kententuan wakaf manfaat investasi yang harus diperhatikan, seperti kadar jumlah investasi yang boleh diwakafkan paling banyak 1/3 dari total kekayaan dan/atau tirkah, kecuali disepakati lain oleh semua ahli waris.  Selain dari itu, mengenai ketentuan ujrah terkait produk wakaf, dimana harus memperhatikan dua hal, yaitu ujrah tahun pertama paling banyak 45% dari kontribusi regular dan akumulasi ujrah tahun berikutnya paling banyak 50% dari kontribusi regularWaqf in Indonesia is continuously being developed, especially the development of the concept of waqf in the form of sharia life insurance. DSN-MUI has determined its permissibility, as contained in fatwa number 106 in 2016. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the concept and legal provisions of waqf in Islamic life insurance which is regulated based on Fatawa DSN-MUI No: 106/DSN-MUI/X/2016. Data collection is in the form of literature (library research method), using Fatawa DSN-MUI No: 106/DSN-MUI/X/2016 as a primary source, and using Content Analysis as a data analysis tool. In the waqf of insurance benefits, provisions must be taken into account, such as the party appointed to receive the insurance benefits stating a binding promise to donate the insurance benefits, and also pay attention to the insurance benefits that can be donated at a maximum of 45% of the total insurance benefits, and also all potential recipients of insurance benefits the appointed person or his/her successor expresses his or her approval and agreement, and pay attention to the waqf ikrar carried out after the insurance benefits have in principle become the rights of the appointed party or his successor. Meanwhile, the provisions of waqf for investment benefits must be taken into account, such as the amount of investment that can be donated is a maximum of 1/3 of the total wealth and/or tirkah, unless agreed otherwise by all the heirs. Apart from that, regarding the ujrah provisions related to waqf products, two things must be taken into account, namely the first year's ujrah is a maximum of 45% of the regular contribution and the accumulation of the following year's ujrah is a maximum of 50% of the regular contribution.
Esensi Wali Nikah Perspektif Surat An-Nisa dan Relevansinya Terhadap Masyarakat Modern Afdilla Nisa; Andriyaldi Andriyaldi
USRATY : Journal of Islamic Family Law Vol 1, No 1 (2023): Juni 2023
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/usraty.v1i1.6614

Abstract

This article explores the essence of marriage guardian in the perspective of Surah An-Nisa in the Koran and its relevance in modern society. Surat An-Nisa discusses the laws of marriage and women's rights, including the role of marriage guardian. This study analyzes verses related to marriage guardians and the interpretations of prominent scholars. The results show that the essence of marriage guardians, such as protecting women's rights and giving consent in good faith and being a mediator in resolving conflicts, remains relevant in maintaining a just marriage institution. However, challenges arise in the context of an increasingly inclusive and complex modern society. A solution is needed to integrate Islamic values that respect gender equality with tradition and modernity. An in-depth understanding of the essence of marriage guardians from the perspective of the Koran is important to support healthy and harmonious marriage relations in this era of globalization.   
Pemanfaatan Harta Pusako Tinggi di Minangkabau Terhadap Perlindungan Anak Korban Penelantaran Rumah Tangga dalam Konsep ABS-SBK dan Hukum Islam Mairul Mairul; Azriadi Azriadi
USRATY : Journal of Islamic Family Law Vol 1, No 2 (2023): Desember 2023
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/usraty.v1i2.7743

Abstract

Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti kemanfaatan harta pusako di Minangkabau terhadap perannya dalam melindungi  anak korban penelantaran dalam rumah tangga, di tengah tingginya angka penelantaran anak di Indonesia (920 kasus) pada tahun 2019. Dengan terbukanya interpretasi terhadap pemanfaatan ini, dapat dijadikan sebagai model pemanfaatan yang konstruktif di luar empat syarat pemanfaatan utama di dalam adat; (a) Mayat tabujua di tangah rumah (b) rumah gadang katirisan, (c) gadih gadang alun balaki, (d) mambangkik batang tarandam. Melihat permasalahan tersebut bagaimana pemanfaatan harta pusaso tinggi di Minagkabau dalam melindungi anak korban penelantaran rumah tangga. Metodoligi penelitian ini dengan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif dengan melihat gagasan yang ada pada konsep Minangkabau dan literatur yang menjelaskannya beserta bahan hukum lainnya. Hasil yang akan diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah prinsip kearifan lokal menjadi alternatif yang sangat penting dikembangkan dengan gagasan anak dipangku kemanakan dibimbing yakni peran kolektifitas yang sangat humanis dan tidak individual sehingga ketika terjadi perpecahan rumah tangga anak tidak selalu mendapat dampak atau terlantarkan.This study aims to examine the benefits of heritage property in Minangkabau on its role in protecting  child victims of neglect in the household, amid the high rate of child neglect in Indonesia (920 cases) in 2019. With the open interpretation of this use, it can be used as a model of constructive use beyond the four main conditions of use within customs; (a) Tabujua corpse in the house tangah (b) gadang katirisan house, (c) gadih gadang alun balaki, (d) mambangkik batang tarandam.  Seeing this problem, how to use high inheritance property in Minagkabau in protecting children victims of domestic neglect. The methodology of this research is with the type of normative juridical research by looking at the ideas that exist in the Minangkabau concept and the literature that explains it along with other legal materials. The result that will be obtained from this study is that the principle of local wisdom is a very important alternative developed with the idea of children on the lap of safety being guided, namely the role of collectivity that is very humanist and not individual so that when there is a household split, children are not always affected or abandoned.
Analisis Metode Ijtihad Kontemporer Terkait Ketentuan Hibah dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam Muhammad Fadhlan Is
USRATY : Journal of Islamic Family Law Vol 1, No 1 (2023): Juni 2023
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/usraty.v1i1.6507

Abstract

Hingga saat ini ketentuan terkait hibah dalam KHI terus menjadi perdebatan di kalangan hakim dan praktisi Hukum Islam di Indonesia. Hal ini karena adanya ketentuan hibah di KHI yang berbeda dengan fikih klasik. Oleh karena itu menarik untuk diteliti tentang analisis metode ijtihad kontemporer terkait ketentuan  hibah dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan library research dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi hukum. Hasil penelitian ditemukan dua kelompok yang berbeda dalam menggunakan metode ijtihad terkait hibah dalam KHI yaitu:  Pertama, kelompok tradisional yang menolak beberapa ketentuan hibah KHI  karena bertentangan dengan nash dan pendapat para fuqaha’. Metode ijtihad yang di pakai adalah Metode Ijtihad selektif (Ijtihad intiqo’i. Kedua, kelompok modernis yang bercorak harmonisasi dengan mencari jalan tengah antara hukum fikih kelasik dengan peraturan yang berlaku dan mempertimbangkan adat istiadat di Indonesia. Metode ijtihad yang digunakan  adalah penggabungan dari ijtihad selektif (Ijtihad intiqo’i) dengan ijtihad kreatif (insya’i) Until now, the provisions related to grants in the KHI continue to be debated among judges and practitioners of Islamic Law in Indonesia. This research method uses library research using a sociology of law approach. The results of the study found two groups of disagreements among scholars regarding post-formulation grants, namely: First, traditional groups that reject grant terms because they contradict the nash and the opinions of the fuqaha'. The ijtihad method used is the intiqo’i ijtihad method. Second, modernist groups that have a harmonized pattern by finding a middle way between class jurisprudence and applicable regulations and considering customs in Indonesia. The ijtihad method used is a merger of selective ijtihad (Ijtihad intiqo'i) with creative ijtihad (insya'i).
Pandangan Yusuf Al-Qardhawi Terhadap Penggunaan Pil Penunda Haid Ahmad Budiman
USRATY : Journal of Islamic Family Law Vol 1, No 2 (2023): Desember 2023
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/usraty.v1i2.7567

Abstract

Ketika seorang wanita telah memasuki masa haid, maka dilarang melakukan ibadah-ibadah yang juga diharamkan kepada  orang yang sedang junub, seperti  shalat, puasa, haji / umrah, menyentuh Alquran dan berhubungan suami isteri. Hal tersebut menjadikan kurangnya waktu bagi kaum wanita untuk mendapatkan amalan kebaikan dari ibadah-ibadah tersebut. Karena alasan tersebut, maka sebagian wanita ingin menunda waktu haid mereka khususnya ketika menjalankan ibadah puasa Ramadhan , ibadah haji dan berhubungan di malam pertama dengan mengkonsumsi pil penunda haid. Terkait hukum penggunaan pil penunda haid ini, ulama mempunyai beberapa pendapat atau pandangan hukum dan salah satunya adalah Yusuf al-Qardhawi sebagai salah seorang sosok ulama kontemporer. Peneliti menggunakan metode  penelitian pustaka (library research) dengan teknik analisis deskriptif dengan sumber data berasal dari  berbagai sumber yang relevan dan terkait dengan penelitian yang peneliti lakukan. Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa Yusuf Qardhawi membolehkan  wanita muslimah  menggunakan pil penunda haid pada bulan Ramadhan dan saat menunaikan haji (thawaf ifadhah) serta untuk malam pertama. Kebolehan tersebut atas dasar pertimbangan penggunaan  pil tersebut dapat dipertanggungjawabkan tidak akan menimbulkan mudharat. When a woman has entered her menstrual period, she is prohibited from carrying out acts of worship that are also prohibited for people who are junub, such as praying, fasting, Hajj/Umrah, touching the Koran and having sex with husband and wife. This results in a lack of time for women to get good deeds from these worship services. For this reason, some women want to delay their menstruation, especially when fasting during Ramadan, performing the Hajj and having sex on the first night by taking menstrual delay pills. Regarding the law on the use of menstrual delay pills, scholars have several opinions or legal views and one of them is Yusuf al-Qardhawi as a contemporary ulama figure. Researchers use library research methods with descriptive analysis techniques with data sources coming from various sources that are relevant and related to the research that the researcher is conducting. The results of this research are that Yusuf Qardhawi allows Muslim women to use menstruation delay pills in the month of Ramadan and when performing the Hajj (thawaf ifadhah) as well as for the first night. This ability is based on considerations that the use of the pill can be accounted for and will not cause harm.
Peluang dan Tantangan Pemenuhan Hak Perempuan Pasca Cerai Gugat di Pengadilan Agama Nurhasnah, Nurhasnah
USRATY : Journal of Islamic Family Law Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Juni 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/usraty.v2i1.7646

Abstract

Divorce is the dissolution of a marriage carried out through a court decision or at the request of one party in the marriage, often involving various legal and social considerations. PERMA No. 3 of 2017 concerning Guidelines for Judges in Adjudicating Cases Involving Women in Conflict with the Law serves as a legal foundation and an important reference for judges in the Religious Courts. This study employs the method of Empirical Legal Research, allowing the researcher to observe and evaluate the implementation of this regulation in the field. In addition to PERMA No. 3 of 2017, there are also supporting regulations such as SEMA No. 3 of 2018, SEMA No. 2 of 2019, and SEMA No. 5 of 2021. These regulations require judges to order the husband to pay maintenance to the wife before pronouncing the divorce declaration and issuing the divorce certificate. This aims to ensure that women's rights are protected and fulfilled, even in often complicated divorce situations. The research findings indicate that opportunities for fulfilling women's rights are increasingly open, creating legal equality based on the principle of justice and providing protection for women after divorce, which may not have been guaranteed previously. However, the lack of legal awareness from both parties, the husband and wife, has led to the implementation of these regulations not running efficiently and effectively. Therefore, this study is expected to contribute to the development of policies and legal practices that are more supportive of women in the divorce process.
Evolution of the Minangkabau Inheritance System and its Relevance to Gender Justice in Islamic Law Saprina, Nelna; Rahmi, Yulia
USRATY : Journal of Islamic Family Law Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Juni 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/usraty.v2i1.8377

Abstract

The inheritance system in Minangkabau, known for its matrilineal lineage, offers a unique perspective on property distribution, especially when contrasted with the patrilineal structure of Islamic inheritance law. This research delves into the historical and cultural evolution of the Minangkabau inheritance system, examining how it has adapted over time due to various social, legal, and religious influences. While Minangkabau customary law (adat) traditionally prioritizes female heirs, particularly through maternal lines, Islamic inheritance law advocates a more balanced approach, emphasizing the rights of both male and female heirs based on predetermined shares. The contrast between these two systems raises important questions about gender justice and the equitable distribution of wealth. Through a detailed exploration of Minangkabau customs and Islamic jurisprudence, this study investigates how these systems have coexisted and the efforts made by scholars and legal authorities to reconcile the differences. A significant focus is placed on the role of reformist thinkers within the Minangkabau community, who have sought to align local practices with the broader principles of Islamic inheritance law while preserving cultural identity. The research also examines the practical implications of these reform efforts, particularly in light of the evolving role of women in Minangkabau society and the growing calls for gender equality. The findings offer valuable insights into the potential for developing an inheritance model that respects both cultural traditions and Islamic values of justice, ultimately contributing to a broader discourse on gender equity in inheritance laws across diverse Muslim societies.
Tinjauan Sosiologi Hukum Islam Terhadap Larangan Nikah Sasuku dalam Adat Minangkabau Al Amin, Muhamad; Demiral, Ferik; Palevi, Reza; Mahyuzi, Indra
USRATY : Journal of Islamic Family Law Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Juni 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/usraty.v2i1.8378

Abstract

The prohibition of same-clan marriage in Minangkabau customs is still enforced by the Minangkabau community today, despite various differences in the application of leniencies and sanctions established in different nagari (villages) for those who engage in same-clan marriages. This prohibition was set by customary institutions at that time to address the social conditions of the community. Although the social conditions that led to this prohibition have changed, it remains upheld by the Minangkabau people to this day. In examining this phenomenon, this research utilizes an Islamic legal sociology approach to observe the shifts in social conditions that have occurred. This study aims to explore how the prohibition of same-clan marriage has maintained its existence within the Minangkabau community and continues to be practiced today. The research is primarily library-based, collecting various supporting literary sources. In Minangkabau customs, the prohibition of same-clan marriage is enforced to prevent various harms that may arise from such unions for their clans, making it considered taboo and bringing shame to their kin. This belief reinforces the community's perception of avoiding these marriages. The perception built within the Minangkabau community can be understood through the Islamic legal sociology approach as a means to prevent potential harms arising from this marriage (sad adz-dzari'ah). Additionally, the societal perception of the taboo surrounding this marriage can serve as a social control mechanism that strengthens the Minangkabau people's conviction to avoid such unions, allowing this custom to endure.
Dialog Hukum Adat dan Islam: Kritik Syeikh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabawi Terhadap Sistem Waris di Minangkabau Arif, Muhammad Fahmil; Rahmi, Melvi; Endriyenti, Endriyenti
USRATY : Journal of Islamic Family Law Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Juni 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/usraty.v2i1.8379

Abstract

This research discusses the two main forces influencing Minangkabau society, namely custom and religion. The matrilineal system practiced in Minangkabau has significant differences compared to the Islamic kinship system, particularly in terms of inheritance distribution. These differences often become a source of conflict and academic interest, especially among scholars of Islamic law. One figure who firmly opposes the customary inheritance system in Minangkabau is Sheikh Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi, a prominent scholar who served as Imam, Khatib, and teacher in Mecca. This study employs a library research approach with a descriptive analytical method to explore Sheikh Ahmad Khatib's critiques of the prevailing inheritance system. Sheikh Ahmad Khatib argues that customary practices that divert inheritance to nephews rather than biological children contradict Islamic principles. He even equates this action with consuming the wealth of orphans, a deed prohibited in Islam. During his time, there was ambiguity regarding the ownership status of property in Minangkabau society whether it belonged to a father or was property of the clan managed by the niniak mamak. When a father passed away, the inheritance that should rightfully go to biological children often ended up with nephews, leading to injustice. Sheikh Ahmad Khatib's sharp criticism emphasizes the need for reform in the customary inheritance system to align it with Islamic law and protect the rights of children, thereby reducing conflict and injustice in Minangkabau society in the future.
Konflik dan Resolusi dalam Pembagian Harta Pasca Perceraian di Tanah Pusaka Minangkabau Agung Setiawan, M.; Zola Efendi, Hendri
USRATY : Journal of Islamic Family Law Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Juni 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/usraty.v2i1.8380

Abstract

This research describes a case study from Nagari Koto Tangah, Kecamatan Tilatang Kamang, where the clash between customary law and individual rights became the focal point in resolving shared assets following a divorce. The case involves an intercultural marriage—a husband of Javanese descent and a wife from Minangkabau. After years of marriage and building a house on the wife's ancestral land (Tanah Pusaka Tinggi), their marriage ended in divorce. Although the house was built together, the land, according to Minangkabau custom, could not be sold or transferred to an outsider, including the former husband. During mediation, the wife's family offered compensation to the former husband, but he found the compensation inadequate, leaving lingering dissatisfaction on his part. This study highlights the importance of understanding customary law and individual rights in intercultural marriages. Through a humanistic approach, the research illustrates how Minangkabau customary law protects Tanah Pusaka Tinggi as an integral part of the family's ancestral heritage while also revealing the limitations of legal frameworks in addressing the emotional dissatisfaction that often follows a divorce. By analyzing the perspectives of traditional leaders, religious scholars, and civil law experts, the study proposes a mediation solution that respects customary practices while addressing individual rights. In conclusion, while the conflict is formally considered resolved, the former husband's emotional dissatisfaction indicates that material compensation alone may not achieve full justice. This research recommends the use of prenuptial agreements and legal education on intercultural marriages to prevent similar conflicts in the future.

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