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Kalpataru
Published by Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
ISSN : 01263099     EISSN : 25500449     DOI : https://doi.org/10.55981/kpt.
Core Subject : Humanities, Science, Art, Social,
Arts Humanities Environmental Science Physics Social Sciences
Kalpataru is an open access and peer reviewed scientific publication on the prehistory of Southeast Asia and its surrounding areas with the scope of materials such as culture, humans, and environment during the prehistoric and proto historic periods. The perspectives from cross disciplines other than archaeology, both hard sciences and soft sciences, are welcome.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Arkeologi
Articles 143 Documents
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Burial System in Karakelang Island, Talaud Regency, North Sulawesi Fahriani, Ipak; Sari, Vivi Sandra
KALPATARU Vol. 32 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/kpt.2023.748

Abstract

Karakelang is an island which administratively located in Talaud Islands Regency, North Sulawesi. As one of the migration entrances of immigrants from the north of Indonesia islands, Talaud has become a quite wide area of prehistorical findings site dispersion and various activities that occurred in Talaud that provide the proof of civilization. One of the civilization heritages is burial system. This writing aims to explore the burial system in Karakelang Island in the past by looking at the site dispersion potential of occupancy area. The data were collected through survey and excavation. The research result shows that the collected occupancy sites in Karakelang reflect the burial activities in this area. The dispersion of occupancy site and burial system in Karakelang Island were parts of adaptation system of the people in Karakelang Island. It was mostly influenced by the natural resources that closely related to the developed local culture in Talaud.
Malacofauna from Cappa Lombo Site: Environmental Reconstruction and Subsistence Strategies of The Bontocani Highland Karst Region, South Sulawesi Sulistiyo, Restu Budi; Fakhri
KALPATARU Vol. 32 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/kpt.2023.1045

Abstract

The remains of mollusk shell fragments are ecofacts that can explain the environmental conditions occupied by humans, especially in the context of the Holocene period in Sulawesi. This research answers questions related to the types of mollusks found in the cultural layer and aims to identify malacofauna remains at the Cappa Lombo site, Bontocani, South Sulawesi. The data collection method was carried out through excavation, and the analytical method involved taxonomic identification, external morphological identification, taxonomic classification, and documentation. This study successfully identified 10 families consisting of 15 genera and species. Terrestrial gastropod mollusks consist of the families Alycaeidae, Cyclophoridae, Ariophantidae, Dyakiidae, Clausiliidae, Achatinidae, and Camaenidae. Freshwater gastropods consist of 2 families, namely Pachychilidae and Viviparidae, while the bivalve class is only represented by the Cyrenidae family, which inhabits estuaries. Based on this identification, this research shows that the reconstruction of the environmental conditions around this site indicates a wet rainforest environment, which tends to be covered with vegetation and primary tropical forest. Additionally, during the occupancy period, there was a change in land use around this site. Data on the presence of mollusks also indicate consumption. Although mollusks were not a primary dietary source, humans during the Holocene at this site were able to utilize the aquatic environmental resources around the site they inhabited.
First Experimental Iron Process Based on The Montalat Iron Sites in Central Kalimantan – Indonesia Sofian, Harry Octavianus; Hartatik, Hartatik; Sunarningsih, Sunarningsih; Susanto, Nugroho Nur; Dhaneswara, Gauri Vidya; Sulistiyo, Restu Budi; Karyanantio, Agus
KALPATARU Vol. 32 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/kpt.2023.1078

Abstract

This article is based on an experimental iron furnace from archaeological sites in Central Kalimantan – Indonesia, from July 2019. The iron furnace for the experiment is replicated the original iron furnaces from the latest research found in 2017 in the Benangin and Temelalo sites from Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The experiment aims to prove whether the iron furnace can melt metal. From the archaeological experiment we can answer questions about the iron process in Central Kalimantan in the past with the local resource’s laterite and hematite. From archaeological experiments, duplicate iron furnaces can make iron raw materials into melts and extract iron from hematite and laterite raw materials. The results showed that the ancient people in Central Kalimantan were able to make iron from raw materials and process it as iron ingot.
Dental Metric on The Late Holocene to Current Era Population from The Lowland Part of Indonesian-Papua Tolla, Marlin; Matsumura, Hirofumi; Bonatz, Dominik; Nägele, Kathrin; Posth, Cosimo
KALPATARU Vol. 32 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/kpt.2023.1082

Abstract

In an attempt to understand human history in this world, the researchers have applied several methods to identify the group of populations based on the teeth trait characteristic. However, the lack of knowledge about human diversity from several regions in this world derived from the osteological study from archaeological context has limited the understanding of human history in many societies including the populations that occupied the lowland part of Indonesian-Papua. For this, the aim of this study is to reconstruct the population history by employing the dental metric measurement on the 304 samples from the archaeological sites in the lowland parts of Indonesian- Papua which are classified into two different groups, Late Holocene and Current Era. The multivariate statistics analysis was applied to compare the results from the Lowland Indonesian- Papua samples with 17 groups of the population included in this study. The results from the statistics measurement were further used to reconstruct and visualize the phylogenic tree by employing The Neighbor-Joining method and UPGMA algorithm. The result from this clustering group presents the data about East Asian affinities for the Late Holocene and Australo Melanesian for the. Current Era group.
Tinggalan Tradisi Megalitik Situs Watugong, Kelurahan Tlogomas, Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota Malang: Kajian Bentuk, Fungsi, dan Makna Alghifari, Nabil Naufal; Bawono, Rochtri Agung; Setiawan, I Ketut
KALPATARU Vol. 31 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/kpt.2022.1663

Abstract

There are remnants of late prehistoric life in the Greater Malang, one of which is located in the Metro  watershed, which stretches from Malang City's west to south. The area was once inhabited during the Megalithic period, as evidenced by the remains of the megalithic tradition along the Metro watershed, which was considered a holy river for its rich natural resources. Watugong Village is a human settlement area that supported the megalithic tradition because it has a cultural heritage site from the end of the  Neolithic era to the arrival of the Hindu-Buddha period. This research aims to determine the form, function, and meaning of the megalithic tradition remains found at Watugong Site. Researchers used descriptive-morphological analysis, accompanied by an analysis of contextual relationships between the megalithic remains on the site and the surrounding environment and findings, then did comparative analysis to compare research object data with other similar research objects, and ethnoarchaeological analysis to find out the meaning of the continuous rituals to preserve the beliefs of their ancestors that are still carried out by the local community. The results obtained were that the archaeological remains at Watugong Site are of a megalithic pattern with a cross-time context at the same time as the Hindu-Buddhist influence began to enter the Watugong Village area, and the tradition of honoring ancestors derived from the megalithic tradition is still carried out today by the local community.
Situs-Situs Megalitik di Desa Padangratu, Kecamatan Buay Pematangbiru, Kabupaten OKU Selatan : Tinjauan Bentuk Lahan dan Material Siregar, Sondang M; Irawan, Dio
KALPATARU Vol. 31 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/kpt.2022.2122

Abstract

The Padangratu area have landforms formed as a result of natural and human activities. Within the Padangratu area, archaeological remains made from various materials are scattered. The problem is the shape of the land and materials in the Padangratu area. The method used is a qualitative method with exploratory and descriptive research types. The results of the research show that in the Padangratu area there are megalithic buildings and artifacts spread across the Jurun, Langkat, Putor, Tanjung and Tanjung Mandak sites. These sites are spread across the plateau at an altitude of 0 to 1000 meters above sea level. Putor, Langkat and Tanjung hamlets are at an altitude of 500 masl to 750 masl, while Jurun Hamlet is at an altitude of 750 masl to 1000 masl. This location is on a very gentle slope (3%-7%) to quite steep (14%-20%), especially in an area where the erosion rate is very low. In the Padangratu area, 47 flat stones, 3 dolmens, 1 stone bracelet, 1 stone mortar were found which were generally made of tuff. Apart from that, stone mortars made of pumice, square axes made of chalcedony, obsidian fragments and clay pottery containers were found. These materials are volcanic materials obtained from the area around Lake Ranau. Apart from that, the Padangratu area is located in the stratifigraphy of the Ranau rock formation which contains tufa, pumice and clay materials.
Etno-Arsitektur Umpak-Umpak Batu Tinggalan Budaya Megalitik Masa Protohistori di Lembah Behoa, Kabupaten Poso, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah Kriswandhono, Albertus; Yuniawati Umar, Dwi Yani
KALPATARU Vol. 31 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/kpt.2022.2335

Abstract

Several structural stones were discovered during research in 1995 – 2004 in Behoa Valley that, if a line is drawn, would form a rectangular polygon with two types of stone, large and small. In 2013, researchers conducted an ethno-architectural study at three megalithic cultural heritage sites in Hanggira Village. The aim is to find out the function of these structured stones. From the results of the ethno-architecture analysis, these structured stones are umpak foundations from dwellings or residential places (Tambi) or places to store special goods or agricultural products (Buho). There is no absolute chronology in the context of the structured stones in the form of umpak foundations. However, from the age of the site, it is expected that these stone umpak foundations had been used since the beginning of the AD century (early metal period) to the protohistoric period.
Analisis Bahan Gerabah Pada Temuan Hasil Ekskavasi di Kawasan Lembah Behoa Triningsih, Wiji; Umar, Dwi Yani Yuniawati
KALPATARU Vol. 31 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/kpt.2022.2550

Abstract

The Behoa Valley Area is one of megalithic cultural heritage from the early metal era (paleometallic) and the supporting communities was already familiar with technology of pottery creation. The discovery of pottery fragments dominates each research carried out in this site. This paper aims to understand the source of the pottery materials by comparing modern pottery materials used by the current community around the site. Total of 26 samples were used, consist of 24 pottery fragments sampled from sites in The Behoa Valley area, one pottery fragment sampled from Pangawumbu, and one pottery fragment sampled from craftsman in Doda village. Method of analysis used in this research is chemical element analysis, conducted towards the clay matrix and carried out microscopically using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Chemical element analysis of the clay matrix are used to understand the pottery clusters based on chemical element composition contained in the clay matrix. Pottery clusters then discovered from statistical analysis using Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Clustering Analysis methods. Based on the result of the chemical elements analysis, it is revealed that pottery material from the sites in The Behoa Valley area has similarity with pottery material from craftsman around the site.
Menelusuri Ragam Aktivitas Fisik Manusia Pendukung Situs Gilimanuk Bali Berdasarkan Markers Of Occupational Stress Wibowo, Dicky Caesario
KALPATARU Vol. 31 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/kpt.2022.2574

Abstract

So far, numerous studies have investigated the Gilimanuk site's archaeological remains. This study seeks to use evidence of occupational stress in human skeletal remains to provide an overview of the physical activities that likely occurred at the Gilimanuk site. A total of 212 long bone samples were examined for markers of occupational stress. These pathological alterations could provide an explanation for certain physical activities. The results suggest that the type of human physical activity observed at the site is not closely related to seafaring activities. These findings are then integrated with other data such as artifacts, ecofacts, and the environmental setting to discuss the interaction of the human occupation of the Gilimanuk site with the surrounding environment.
Tembikar Tera-Tali di Situs Buttu Batu Enrekang: Suatu Rekonstruksi Pengaruh Austroasiatik Putri, Andini Dwi; Hasanuddin; Muda, Khadijah Thahir
KALPATARU Vol. 31 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/kpt.2022.2611

Abstract

Past civilizations showed specific patterns of development that reflected their mastery of technology and behavior. Cultural developments took the form of technological developments such as pottery, pickaxes, axes, jewelry, and ike stones. The Buttu Batu site, located in Enrekang (South Sulawesi), is evidence of the development of human life with the discovery of traces of past human activity in the form of pottery fragments, stone artifacts, bones, jewelry, and ike stones. One form of decorative motif on pottery fragments found at this site is a pottery fragment decorated with cord-marked. As is known, cord-marked pottery is evidence of a western route migration (migration of Austroasiatic speakers). The methods used to achieve the research objectives were field data collection, data processing in shape analysis, and stylistic analysis, especially for cord-marked pottery. The discovery of cord-marked pottery fragments in Enrekang Regency shows that the western migration route (Austroasiatic) probably migrated to the eastern part of Indonesia, especially the South Sulawesi region, and this requires further investigation.

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