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The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Published by International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd.
ISSN : 30481376     EISSN : 30481368     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research, published by International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd. is dedicated to providing physicians with the best research and important information in the world of medical research and science and to present the information in a format that is understandable and clinically useful. Committed to publishing multidisciplinary research that spans the entire spectrum of healthcare and medicine access, The American Journal of Medical Science and Health Research aims at an international audience of pharmacists, clinicians, medical ethicists, regulators, and researchers, providing an online forum for the rapid dissemination of recent research and perspectives in this area.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Review dan Referensi, Kedokteran
Articles 529 Documents
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A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Prevalence, Risk Factor, Diagnosis, Management and Interventions for Dry Eye Disease Raenose
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/q75krx52

Abstract

Background: Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a prevalent and multifactorial ocular condition characterized by a deficiency in tear production or excessive tear evaporation, leading to ocular discomfort, visual disturbances, and potential damage to the ocular surface. This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate the current literature on the prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, management, and interventions for DED. Methods: The study followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, reviewing English-language publications from 2015 to 2025. Editorials, duplicate reviews from the same journal, and papers lacking a DOI were excluded. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Result: A total of 2,172 articles were initially identified through online databases (PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar). After three rounds of screening, eight relevant studies were selected for full-text analysis. Conclusion: DED is a complex and multifaceted condition influenced by numerous demographic, environmental, and iatrogenic factors. Advances in diagnostic technology and personalized treatment approaches hold promise for better disease management. Continued research and multidisciplinary collaboration are essential to developing more effective strategies for preventing and treating DED, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
The Analysis Study of Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation to Cognition in Older Adults : A Comprehensive Systematic Review Intan Ayuningtyas; Radiasti Maharani; Risca Hijrianti; Charles Sanjaya Seikka
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/wrh0zh53

Abstract

Background: Cognitive decline is a significant public health concern among older adults, affecting memory, executive function, and overall quality of life. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current evidence on the effects of vitamin D supplementation on cognition in older adults. Methods: The study followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, reviewing English-language publications from 2015 to 2025. Editorials, duplicate reviews from the same journal, and papers lacking a DOI were excluded. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Result: A total of 2,172 articles were initially identified through online databases (PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar). After three rounds of screening, eight relevant studies were selected for full-text analysis. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation shows potential in improving cognitive function in older adults, especially those with insufficiency or impairments. However, further research with larger, long-term trials is needed to define optimal doses, timing, and cognitive domains for supplementation benefits.
The Analysis Study of Relationship of Breast Arterial Calcifications on Mammography to Predict Elevated Risk of Coronary Artery Disease: A Comprehensive Systematic Review Rendi Rafsanjani; Bintara Ayu Putri; Mutiara Nurul Mahabbah
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/h5w89t63

Abstract

Background: Breast arterial calcifications (BAC) are medial arterial calcifications visualized as linear "tram-track" deposits in the breast vasculature on mammograms. Women with BAC have been found to have higher coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores and increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate the current evidence on the relationship between BAC and CAD risk.  Methods: The study followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, reviewing English-language publications from 2015 to 2025. Editorials, duplicate reviews from the same journal, and papers lacking a DOI were excluded. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Result: A total of 2,172 articles were initially identified through online databases (PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar). After three rounds of screening, eight relevant studies were selected for full-text analysis. Conclusion: The relationship between BAC and CAD is well-supported by retrospective studies, demonstrating significant associations with coronary calcification, cardiovascular risk factors, and disease severity. While BAC may not serve as a standalone diagnostic tool, its potential as an adjunct marker for CAD risk stratification is promising.
Analysis Study of Diagnostic Imaging Performance and Accuracy of Kidney Stone : A Comprehensive Systematic Review Haekal Mahargias; Febrina Mayasari Gunawan
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 9 No. 5 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/mt5f1s38

Abstract

Background: Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis/urolithiasis) are a prevalent urological condition caused by crystallization of minerals in the urinary tract. Their formation can lead to pain, hematuria, infections, and renal dysfunction if untreated. The increasing incidence of nephrolithiasis is linked to dietary habits, metabolic disorders, dehydration, and obesity. Imaging is crucial for early diagnosis and management, guiding treatment options such as conservative management, medical expulsive therapy, or surgical interventions. Objective: This systematic review aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of various imaging modalities—ultrasound (US), non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT), contrast-enhanced CT, dual-energy CT (DECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and KUB X-ray—in detecting and characterizing kidney stones. Methods: The study follows PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Peer-reviewed studies published from 2015–2025 were identified through searches in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria encompass studies assessing imaging performance in nephrolithiasis, with sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values as primary outcomes. Results: After screening, eight relevant studies were included. Ultrasonography, while radiation-free and cost-effective, has lower sensitivity than NCCT, the gold standard for kidney stone diagnosis due to its high accuracy. Dual-energy CT improves stone composition characterization, while MRI offers a radiation-free alternative but is less sensitive in detecting calcified stones. Conclusion: Imaging techniques vary in sensitivity and specificity for nephrolithiasis diagnosis. NCCT remains the most accurate, while US is preferred for radiation-sensitive populations. MRI may serve as a secondary tool where radiation exposure is a concern. Future advancements in imaging technology may further refine nephrolithiasis detection and characterization.
The Analysis Study  Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Female Reproductive Hormones and Menstrual Cycle: A Comprehensive Systematic Review Tuswandi Ahmad Waly; Bayu Setyo Nugroho
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 9 No. 5 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/mrwarz94

Abstract

Background: Intermittent fasting (IF) has surged in popularity as a dietary approach for weight management and metabolic health, yet its effects on female reproductive hormones and menstrual cycle regulation remain an area of growing scientific inquiry. This systematic review aims to evaluate the influence of IF on female reproductive hormones and menstrual cycle. Methods: The study followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, reviewing English-language publications from 2015 to 2025. Editorials, duplicate reviews from the same journal, and papers lacking a DOI were excluded. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Result: A total of 2,172 articles were initially identified through online databases (PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar). After three rounds of screening, eight relevant studies were selected for full-text analysis. Conclusion: IF presents both potential benefits and risks for female reproductive health. While it may aid in weight loss, improve insulin sensitivity, and reduce inflammation, concerns remain about its effects on hormonal circadian rhythms and reproductive function. Individualized approaches that consider metabolic status, hormonal health, and lifestyle factors are essential for optimizing the benefits of IF while minimizing potential adverse effects on female reproductive hormones and menstrual cycles.
The Analysis Study of Diagnosis and Management of Head Injury: A Comprehensive Systematic Review Asra Dewita Namora Harahap; Adit Muhammad Prasetya Hutagalung
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/4n246277

Abstract

Background: The long-term consequences of head injury can vary widely depending on factors such as injury severity, repeated trauma, and pre-existing conditions. This systematic review aims to evaluate the diagnosis and management of head injuries based on literatures of the last decade. Methods: The study followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, reviewing English-language publications from 2015 to 2025. Editorials, duplicate reviews from the same journal, and papers lacking a DOI were excluded. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Result: A total of 2,172 articles were initially identified through online databases (PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar). After three rounds of screening, eight relevant studies were selected for full-text analysis. Conclusion: Advancements in neuroimaging, biomarkers, and treatment strategies have improved the diagnosis and management of head injury. However, challenges remain in standardizing definitions, predicting long-term outcomes, and developing targeted interventions. Future research should focus on refining diagnostic criteria, expanding biomarker utility, and optimizing rehabilitation approaches to enhance patient outcomes.
The Analysis Study of Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Breast Cancer : A Comprehensive Systematic Review Anindya Ryan Pramudya; Dewandaru Istighfaris Agadinata Bramanti
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/yc1bzk54

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer remains a significant global health challenge, representing the most common malignancy among women and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. This systematic review aims to synthesize current evidence on the diagnosis and surgical management of breast cancer. Methods: The study followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, reviewing English-language publications from 2015 to 2025. Editorials, duplicate reviews from the same journal, and papers lacking a DOI were excluded. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Result: A total of 2,172 articles were initially identified through online databases (PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar). After three rounds of screening, eight relevant studies were selected for full-text analysis. Conclusion: Breast cancer diagnosis and surgery have evolved with advanced imaging, molecular profiling, and oncoplastic techniques, emphasizing patient-centered care. While mastectomy remains necessary in some cases, oncoplastic approaches offer safe, effective outcomes. Future research should refine techniques, staging, and therapeutic integration.
A 61 Year Old Woman With Hypoglycemia on Diabetes Mellitus due to Sulphonylurea , Urinary Tract Infection, Hypertension, Cholelithiasis, Kidney Disorder: A Case Report Rahmat Yusuf Arifin; Rachmad Aji Saksana; Indra Setya Permana; Anggi Fitria Kusumaningtyas
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/85sjs261

Abstract

Background : Hypoglycemia is defined as a condition of plasma glucose below normal limits. The most common cause of hypoglycemia is the use of antidiabetic drugs from sulphonylurea and can be exacerbated by renal function disorder. We report hypoglycaemia caused by sulfonylurea and kidney disorders as well as treatment selection in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) with kidney disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients especially with Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) < 30 ml/min/1.73 m 3 . Case Report : The 61-year-old woman, came with a complaint of loss of consciousness for two hours before entering the hospital, previously the patient complained of dizziness. Patients have a history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Patients regularly take metformin, glimepirid and captopril. Vital signs blood pressure 170/85 mmHg, heart rate 86x/min, respiratory rate 22x/min, temperature 36.3 oC , oxygen saturation 99%, lateralization not found. The blood glucose test showed 28 mg/dL. Laboratory results of kidney function showed urea 134mg/dL and creatinine 8.8mg/dL. Treatment using a hypoglycemia algorithm, with Dextrose 40% and Dexamethasone, provides a good effect so that hypoglycemia does not occur again. Discussion : The choice of antidiabetic drugs in DM patients with high risk factors for hypoglycemia and kidney disorder needs to be considered. Hypoglycaemia is caused by the failure of counter-regulation processes in the body triggered by insulin. Insulin production increases due to the effects of sulphonylurea drugs. CKD exacerbates the condition of hypoglycemia by decreasing the process of insulin degradation and gluconeogenesis. Conclusion : This case underscores the necessity of vigilant drug selection, renal-adjusted dosing, and comprehensive care to mitigate hypoglycemia risk in DM patients with CKD, ultimately improving clinical outcomes and quality of life. Prevention of hypoglycaemia and selection of DM therapy in patients with kidney disorders requires special attention by paying attention to the side effects of the drug and the success of therapy. Drug therapy options that can be given are metformin, SGLT-2 in the drug canaglifozin , thiazolidinediones, new generation sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, and insulin with dose adjustments. Hypoglycemia can be prevented by maintaining the patient's symptoms and self-monitoring blood glucose.
Minimally Invasive Approach In The Treatment Of Lung Abscess: A Case Report Rahmat Yusuf Arifin; Rachmad Aji Saksana; Indra Setya Permana; Anggi Fitria Kusumaningtyas
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/mrwg6s92

Abstract

Background : Lung abscess is characterized by a localized collection of pus or necrotic tissue in the lung parenchyma, which develops into a cavity. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to prevent further complications. Minimally invasive procedures can be performed on lesions larger than 6cm in diameter. Case Report : A 63-year-old man came with a chief complaint of progressive shortness of breath and coughing up blood. The cough had been present for 1 month, accompanied by night sweats, and weight loss. The patient's general condition appeared thin. Physical examination showed decreased fremitus and dull percussion in the left hemithorax. Laboratory results showed leukocytosis with increased neutrophils. Chest radiography showed air-fluid level in the inferior zone and the left parahilar cavity with infiltration suggest a suspected lung abscess. Based on the findings obtained, the patient underwent percutaneous drainage guided by ultrasound ( U S -guided drainage ) using a 14-gauge abbocath needle as a therapeutic procedure. The procedure was performed twice, evacuating 400 cc and 250 cc of purulent fluid. Thoracic radiology evaluation showed resolution of the lung abscess, along with significant clinical improvement in the patient. The patient received metronidazole antibiotic therapy combined with ceftriaxone. The patient underwent treatment for 5 days, before finally being allowed to go home. Discussion: In cases of lung abscess, if conservative therapy using antibiotics does not provide adequate improvement, then invasive intervention such as open surgical procedures is needed. Minimally invasive approaches such as ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage are an alternative option in areas with limited resources and no computed tomography (CT) facilities. This approach is considered to provide shorter hospitalization and faster recovery. In this case, the percutaneous drainage procedure in cases of lung abscess showed good clinical improvement in the patient. Conclusion: Lung abscess is a serious condition that requires rapid diagnosis and intervention. Ultrasonography-guided percutaneous drainage has been shown to be effective as a therapeutic modality in treating lung abscess . Operator reliability in operating ultrasonography can reduce the risk of complications that may occur.
Tuberculous Spondylitis : A Case Report Stefany Palyama; Retno Wisanti; Rusdian Niati Ningsih
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/07cbk506

Abstract

Objective: Tuberculous spondylitis is an infection of the spine caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis , is one of the most common infections. The WHO reports that 10.6 million TB cases are worldwide by 2022. By 2022, TB is the disease that causes the most deaths, with 1.3 million per year. Spondylitis Tuberculosis was extra pulmonary TB. The symptoms are fever, sweating especially at night, weight loss and loss of appetite, and palpable mass on the back. The sass can lead to permanent neurological deficits. The early identification and treatment is very important to avoid permanent damage in the future. Case: A 4 years old female patient with complaints of disappearing pain in the back since 10 days. A fever that has persisted for ten days and sweating at night. The patient's weight also decreased by 6kg. Immunization history is incomplete. There are no BCG vaccines. Her uncle had TB from 2018 and her neighbors too. Impression nutritional status was undernourished. Enlargement of the lymph in the neck area, and rhonci sounds in both fields of the lung were observed during the physical examination of the thorax. Tuberculin test showed induration 10mm. There was fixed palpable mass at the back, hard, no fluctuations, no rebound tenderness. Lumbosacral examination without contrast revealed a mass between vertebrathoracal ( VTh ) 4-9, it showed cold abscess. Lumbosacral MRI revealed compression anterior of the veterbralthoracal corpus ( VTh ) 7, and pushing to the spinal cord posteriorly, and showed gybus formation, and abscess on the anterior of veterbralthoracal ( VTh 4-7). Based on the patient's medical history, physical examination, laboratory, the patient was diagnosed with TB spondylitis. The patient underwent spinal stabilization and decompression, in addition to receiving OAT treatment. Conclusion: TB spondylitis is a rare case in children, but it is common in children with primary TB infection. Systemic and neurological symptoms can be found in patients with TB Spondylitis . The prognosis of TB Spondylitis is influenced by the age of the patient, the severity of bone deformity, the number of spinal bone involvement, and the patient's health history such as immunization status, nutritional status, and other accompanying diseases.

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