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The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research

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Published by International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd.

ISSN : 30481376 EISSN : 30481368 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

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The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research, published by International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd. is dedicated to providing physicians with the best research and important information in the world of medical research and science and to present the information in a format that is understandable and clinically useful. Committed to publishing multidisciplinary research that spans the entire spectrum of healthcare and medicine access, The American Journal of Medical Science and Health Research aims at an international audience of pharmacists, clinicians, medical ethicists, regulators, and researchers, providing an online forum for the rapid dissemination of recent research and perspectives in this area.

Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Review dan Referensi, Kedokteran

Articles 529 Documents

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What Are The Long-Term Psychological And Quality Of Life Outcomes For Parkinson's Disease Patients Receiving Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Interventions? : A Systematic Review Mohammad Jathy Oktariansyah; Fifa Yuniarmi; Kanuyasa Widyatama; Alestya Putri Jathy
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/h1n1wk58

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that significantly affects both motor and non-motor functions, leading to psychological issues such as depression and anxiety. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has emerged as an effective intervention for improving psychological outcomes in PD patients. This study investigates the long-term psychological and quality of life outcomes of PD patients receiving CBT. Methods: A systematic review was conducted adhering to PRISMA guidelines, focusing on studies that included adult PD patients undergoing CBT as a primary intervention. Eligible studies were screened, and data were extracted regarding study design, intervention characteristics, and outcomes related to psychological well-being and quality of life. Results: The review identified 40 studies, demonstrating that CBT significantly reduces depressive and anxiety symptoms in PD patients. Most studies reported positive changes in quality of life, particularly at 6-month follow-ups. However, the sustainability of these benefits over longer periods remains unclear, with some studies indicating diminished effects after 24 months. Discussion: While CBT shows promise in enhancing psychological health among PD patients, the variability in intervention formats and follow-up durations complicates the understanding of long-term efficacy. Factors such as intervention duration, delivery method, and individual patient characteristics may influence treatment outcomes. Conclusion: CBT is a valuable therapeutic approach for managing psychological symptoms in Parkinson's disease. However, further research is necessary to clarify the long-term effects and optimize treatment delivery, ensuring that patients receive sustained psychological support.

How Do Combined Pharmacological And Psychotherapeutic Interventions Impact Treatment Outcomes For Patients With Treatment- Resistant Major Depressive Disorder? : A Systematic Review Julisman Itolo Dwijaya Daeli; Andy Soemara
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/3mjqvm73

Introduction: Treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (TRD), characterized by an inadequate response to at least two antidepressant trials, presents a significant clinical challenge. Combined pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions have emerged as a promising strategy, potentially offering synergistic benefits over monotherapy by addressing both biological and psychological aspects of the disorder. This review synthesizes evidence on the efficacy, mechanisms, and clinical applicability of combined interventions for TRD. Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies were included if they focused on adult patients with TRD, examined combined pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, or meta-analyses, included quantitative depression measures, and had an intervention duration of at least 8 weeks. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Semantic Scholar, Sagepub, and Google Scholar. Results: Forty studies were included, comprising 20 RCTs and 19 systematic reviews/meta-analyses. Combined interventions generally demonstrated superior response and remission rates compared to monotherapy. For instance, one study found response rates of 30.3% for mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) plus treatment as usual versus 15.3% for controls. Meta-analyses reported moderate effect sizes (Cohen’s d = 0.32–0.93) and risk ratios of 1.25–1.27 favoring combination therapy. Discussion: The findings underscore the superior efficacy of combined pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions for TRD. These approaches lead to significant improvements in response and remission rates, particularly in severe or chronic TRD. Conclusion: The evidence strongly supports combined pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions as the gold standard for TRD, offering enhanced efficacy, reduced relapse rates, and good tolerability. Future research should continue to optimize sequencing, explore novel adjuncts, and improve accessibility through digital platforms.

What Are The Most Effective Management Strategies For Psoriasis During Pregnancy That Minimize Risks To Maternal And Fetal Health? : A Systematic Review Ni Putu Devi Gema Partamayani; Anak Agung Istri Indah Paramita; Natasha Caroline Gigir
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/r294yr02

Introduction: Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, affects 2–3% of the global population, including women of childbearing age. Managing psoriasis during pregnancy presents a challenge, balancing maternal disease control with fetal safety, as physiological changes can influence disease severity. Individualized treatment plans are necessary, prioritizing medications with established safety profiles to minimize risks to both mother and fetus while ensuring effective disease control. Methods: This systematic review adhered to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines to ensure methodological rigor and accuracy. Data extraction was performed using a large language model, focusing on study design, population characteristics, management strategies, maternal and fetal health outcomes, and risk of bias. The search strategy employed Boolean MeSH keywords across databases like PubMed, Semantic Scholar, Sagepub, and Google Scholar. Results: Forty studies were included in the systematic review. Biologic therapies, such as TNF inhibitors and ustekinumab, showed acceptable safety profiles with miscarriage rates (8.9–15.3%) and congenital malformation rates (3–4%) comparable to the general population. Certolizumab pegol notably exhibited minimal placental transfer. Methotrexate is contraindicated due to teratogenic effects. Sulfasalazine demonstrated modest efficacy with few serious adverse events. Topical treatments generally lacked robust pregnancy-specific safety data. Discussion: Biologic therapies are effective and generally safe for psoriasis management during pregnancy, with certolizumab pegol being a preferred choice due to minimal placental transfer. Discontinuation of biologics may lead to disease flares, necessitating individualized risk-benefit assessments. Preconception counseling, close monitoring, and shared decision-making are crucial for optimizing outcomes. Conclusion: Effective management of psoriasis during pregnancy balances maternal disease control with fetal health. Biologics offer acceptable safety profiles, with certolizumab pegol being particularly favorable. Methotrexate is contraindicated, and topical treatments require more research for definitive safety recommendations. A multidisciplinary and patient-centered approach, including preconception counseling and close monitoring, is essential to optimize care.

What Is The Prevalence Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Au- Reus (MRSA) In Intensive Care Units Across Urban Hospitals ? : A Systematic Review Gabriella Selara Pangarepo; Fenny
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 12 No. 7 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/pz0wpy15

Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a significant pathogen in healthcare settings, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs) where patients are highly vulnerable due to compromised immune systems and invasive procedures. The prevalence of MRSA in ICUs shows wide variation, ranging from 0% to 98.4%, influenced by factors such as geographic location, ICU type, and screening Methods: This systematic review adhered strictly to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines to ensure methodological rigor. Results: Forty studies were included in this systematic review. The reported MRSA prevalence rates varied widely, ranging from 0% to 98.4%. Specific rates included 81.5% in one study and 1.2% for colonization in another, with infection rates as low as 0.212%. Temporal trends showed declining rates in some regions (e.g., 7.9% with a declining trend from 2014-2020), while others reported no significant long-term change. Factors impacting prevalence included ICU type, refugee status, patient age, and decolonization practices. Discussion: The considerable heterogeneity in reported MRSA prevalence highlights the influence of diverse settings, patient populations, and definitions of MRSA (colonization vs. infection). Data specific to urban hospitals were limited, with most studies lacking detailed urban/rural breakdowns. This complicates direct comparisons and limits the generalizability of findings to all urban ICUs. Conclusion: MRSA prevalence in urban ICUs is highly variable, influenced by various factors including ICU type and patient characteristics. Further research with standardized reporting and a clearer urban/rural distinction is needed to inform targeted infection control strategies.

How Does Regular Cow's Milk Consumption Combined With Vitamin D Supplementation Affect Nutritional Status And Growth In Malnourished Children ? : A Systematic Review Putu Ratna Rosalina; Salmawati Maryati
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 12 No. 7 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/k79vr975

Introduction: Malnutrition in children, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, remains a significant global health issue, impairing physical growth and cognitive development. Cow's milk, rich in essential nutrients, and Vitamin D, crucial for bone health and immune function, are vital for child development. This systematic review evaluates the impact of regular cow's milk consumption combined with Vitamin D supplementation on the nutritional status and growth of malnourished children. Methods: This systematic review adhered to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies were screened based on criteria including: children aged 6 months to 12 years meeting WHO malnutrition criteria; intervention with regular cow's milk (minimum 200ml/day) and Vitamin D supplementation; study duration of 3 months or longer; and study designs such as RCTs, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, or prospective cohort studies. Data were extracted from databases including Pubmed, Semantic Scholar, Sagepub, and Google Scholar. Results: The review included 27 studies. Findings indicated that fortified cow's milk with Vitamin D supplementation generally improved Vitamin D status. For instance, some studies showed serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels increased by approximately 20 ng/mL with supplementation. Effects on growth metrics like height and weight were modest and variable, with some studies reporting significant improvements (e.g., height-for-age z-scores, p < 0.0001 ) while others found no significant effect. Interventions combining milk with other nutrient sources like eggs or micronutrient powders showed more pronounced effects on growth (e.g., a 2.62 cm increase in height ). Longer intervention durations (≥6 months) and higher doses (e.g., 600 ml milk daily) were often associated with better outcomes for micronutrient status and growth. Discussion: The evidence suggests that fortified cow's milk and Vitamin D supplementation effectively enhances micronutrient status, particularly Vitamin D levels, in malnourished children. While the direct impact on linear growth and weight gain is modest, comprehensive intervention packages addressing multiple deficiencies simultaneously appear most effective. The variability in growth outcomes underscores the importance of considering baseline nutritional status, intervention duration, and dosage. Conclusion: Fortified cow's milk and Vitamin D supplementation is a valuable strategy for improving micronutrient status in malnourished children, especially Vitamin D levels. Although growth improvements can be modest, integrating this intervention into broader, holistic nutritional programs, particularly with longer durations and adequate dosages, is supported by evidence and crucial for mitigating malnutrition.

What are The Comparative Diagnostic Accuracies of X-Ray, CT, and Ultrasound in Terms of Sensitivity and Specificity for Detecting Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Adult Patients with Suspected Infection ? : A Systematic Review Nur Azikin Rozali; Ayu Mustikarini
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 12 No. 7 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/m242mm34

Introduction: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant global health challenge, necessitating timely and accurate diagnosis. While chest X-ray (CXR) is widely used, its diagnostic accuracy varies. Advanced modalities like computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound offer potential improvements but have their own limitations regarding cost, accessibility, and operator dependency. This systematic review aims to compare the diagnostic accuracies (sensitivity and specificity) of X-ray, CT, and ultrasound for detecting pulmonary TB in adults with suspected infection. Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies were included if they assessed X-ray, CT, or ultrasound in adult patients (≥18 years) with suspected pulmonary TB, reported sensitivity and/or specificity, and used microbiological confirmation as the reference standard. Data on study design, participant characteristics, imaging modalities, and diagnostic accuracy metrics were extracted. Searches were conducted on PubMed, Semantic Scholar, Sagepub, and Google Scholar. Results: Twenty-three studies were included. CT demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy, with sensitivity and specificity frequently exceeding 93% (e.g., sensitivity 93.8%-100%, specificity 94.2%-97.9% with deep learning). CXR showed high sensitivity (often >85%, up to 98.6%) but widely variable specificity (23%-99.9%). AI-enhanced CXR reported sensitivity between 85.3%-94.4% and specificity of 37.1%-69.2%. Ultrasound sensitivity for specific findings (e.g., subpleural nodules) ranged from 72.5%-100%, but specificity was generally lower and more variable (e.g., 66.7%). Diagnostic performance was influenced by HIV status and prior TB. Discussion: CT offers superior accuracy but is limited by cost and accessibility. CXR remains a primary screening tool due to accessibility, though its variable specificity, especially with AI, is a concern. Ultrasound shows promise as an adjunctive, radiation-free tool in resource-limited settings, but operator dependency and lack of standardization are challenges. The heterogeneity in study designs and risk of bias in many included studies temper the generalizability of findings. Conclusion: CT provides the highest diagnostic accuracy for pulmonary TB in adults. CXR is the most accessible screening modality, with AI potentially enhancing sensitivity but requiring specificity improvements. Ultrasound is a useful adjunct in specific contexts. Optimal diagnostic strategies should integrate these modalities based on clinical context, resource availability, and patient characteristics.

Scalp Nerve Block In Reconstructive Craniotomy: A Case Report Milhiandana Mitresna Salsabila; H. Andi Husni Tanra; Muhammad Wirawan Harahap
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/edjcv167

Scalp block is an option in head surgery with certain procedures, namely when patient awareness is required, or techniques that require patient functional assessment and craniotomy. This block is performed on the supra orbital nerve, supra trochlea, zygomaticum temporal, auriculo temporal, auricular major, greater occipital and lesser occipital. We report a case of a 55-year-old man with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury GCS 14 + fracture of the Os Frontalis Sinistra, anterior wall of the Sinus Maxillaris dextra et sinisra and Os Zygomaticum sinistra, simultaneously for reconstructive craniotomy with scalp block anesthesia technique for post-surgical pain management. During the operation, hemodynamics were stable without complications. Post-surgery the patient was moved to the recovery room without complaints.

What is The Progression of Joint Deformity and Disability in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Different Treatment Approaches? : A Systematic Review Billy Jonathan; Veronica Winda Soesanto; Chaira Sultana Mazaya
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/vtj3wd73

Introduction: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease leading to progressive joint destruction and disability. Modern management has shifted towards early, aggressive "treat-to-target" strategies to halt disease progression. This systematic review evaluates the progression of joint deformity and disability in RA patients under various treatment approaches. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials from PubMed, Springer, Semantic Scholar, and Google Scholar. We included studies on adult RA patients with at least a 12-month follow-up that assessed joint deformity or functional disability. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria for the final analysis. Results: Early, aggressive treat-to-target strategies resulted in minimal radiographic progression, with some studies showing a complete halt in joint damage over long-term follow-up of up to 10 years. Functional disability, measured by the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), improved across all pharmacological interventions. Non-pharmacological interventions, like complex rehabilitation, significantly improved functional status, reducing HAQ scores by up to 73.8%, but their effect on radiographic outcomes was not reported. Baseline anti-CCP positivity and high disease activity were predictors of poorer outcomes. Discussion: The evidence confirms that early and sustained pharmacological treatment is crucial for controlling structural damage and preserving function. Combining these treatments with non-pharmacological therapies like targeted exercise provides additional functional benefits. However, a gap remains in understanding the impact of non-pharmacological interventions on long-term joint structure. Conclusion: An integrated approach combining early, aggressive pharmacotherapy with adjunctive non-pharmacological interventions offers the most effective strategy for managing RA. This approach successfully limits joint deformity and improves patient disability and quality of life.

Massive Pleural Effusion in Tuberculosis Due to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report Anthony Tjajaindra; Veronica Winda Soesanto; Anak Agung Made Sucipta
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/wy3xjh07

Introduction : Tuberculosis (TB) posed a significant risk for mortality and morbidity in autoimmune disorders like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). TB in SLE patients often manifests as extrapulmonary disease, affecting areas like the pleura, leading to pleuritis and effusion. This case report aims to assess a case of massive pleural effusion in tuberculosis patient due to co-existing SLE. Case Description : We present the case of a 17 y.o. girl who experienced progressive shortness of breath, worsening one day prior to her admission to the Emergency Department of Wangaya Regional General Hospital. Examination indicated a massive pleural effusion. Pleural drainage was performed the following day, yielding a total of 2,800 mL of pleural fluid. Further examination revealed symptoms of SLE, strengthen by family history. A positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) test confirmed the diagnosis of SLE. Patient then given pulse intravenous methylprednisolone at dose of 600 mg once a day for three days and antituberculosis Fixed-Dose Combination therapy. After the effusion resolved, patient had outpatient treatment and control periodically. Conclusion : The increased risk of tuberculosis in SLE individual linked to immunological abnormalities in SLE, which hampers the body’s ability to control TB infection. Suspecting of SLE in patients with massive pleural effusion can lead to prompt treatment.

What Are The Risk Factors For Chronic Pain In Different Age Groups Of Stroke Survivors? : A Systematic Review Stivenson Tiven; Daniel Siagian; Gabriela Leonila Yulianti Watilay
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/3p859f82

Introduction: Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability, with chronic pain being a significant and debilitating consequence that affects survivors' quality of life. The risk factors for developing chronic post-stroke pain appear to vary with age, creating challenges for clinical management. This systematic review aims to identify and categorize the age-specific risk factors for chronic pain in young, middle-aged, and elderly stroke survivors. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Semantic Scholar, Springer, and Google Scholar was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria focused on observational studies and systematic reviews assessing risk factors for chronic pain (persisting ≥3 months) in stroke survivors. Out of 1,309 records identified, 18 studies were included after screening and eligibility assessment. Data on study design, sample characteristics, pain assessment, and risk factors were extracted and synthesized. Results: For middle-aged survivors, risk factors included stroke severity, non-thalamic stroke location, sensory and motor impairments, neglect syndrome, female gender, and longer time since stroke. In elderly survivors, older age itself and thalamic stroke location were the primary predictors of persistent pain. No specific risk factors were reported for young adult stroke survivors. Younger patients showed better pain relief in response to neuromodulation therapies. Discussion: The evidence indicates that risk factors are age-dependent, though findings are most robust for the middle-aged population due to the composition of study samples. The lack of data for young adults represents a significant gap in the literature. The psychosocial impact of pain is severe across all ages, necessitating integrated care. Conclusion: Risk factors for post-stroke chronic pain differ significantly by age group. While a clear profile exists for middle-aged and elderly survivors, there is a critical lack of information for young adults. An age-aware, personalized approach to pain management is essential, and future research must focus on closing the knowledge gap for younger survivors.

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Contact Name Indra Hadi

Contact Email profesionaljournalmedicine@gmail.com

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Journal Mail Official pt.internationalmedicaljournal@gmail.com

Editorial Address Equity Tower. 49th Floor. Sudirman Street. Special Region of Jakarta, Indonesia

Location Kota adm. jakarta selatan, Dki jakarta INDONESIA

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Contact Name
Indra Hadi

Contact Email
profesionaljournalmedicine@gmail.com

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
pt.internationalmedicaljournal@gmail.com

Editorial Address
Equity Tower. 49th Floor. Sudirman Street. Special Region of Jakarta, Indonesia

Location
Kota adm. jakarta selatan,

Dki jakarta

INDONESIA