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Muhammad Nizar
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muhammad.nizar@serambimekkah.ac.id
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Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Serambi Mekkah Jalan Unmuha, Batoh, Telp. (0651) 26160 dan (0651) 22471 Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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Serambi Engineering
Published by Universitas Serambi Mekkah Aceh
ISSN : 25283561     EISSN : 25411934     DOI : http://doi.org/10.32672/jse
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
The Serambi Engineering journal is published as a medium to distribute information on research results in engineering and science, both carried out by lecturers from the Serambi Mekkah University and other parties. Published research can be in the form of field research or laboratory research as well as a literature review. This journal is published four times yearly, namely January, April, July, and October. Editors accept manuscripts from lecturers, researchers, students, and practitioners that have never been published by any other media. Manuscripts submitted will be evaluated and edited for uniformity of format, terms, and other procedures. The topics that can be published but are not limited to are: Water & Waste Water Quality Solid Waste Management Air Pollution Control Environmental Health Environmental Modeling Environmental Management Water Resources Management Occupational Health & Safety Ecology Renewable Energy Circular Economics Sustainable Development Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Climate Change and Water Resources Adaptation Urban Planning Informatics Computer and Technology Industrial Engineering Other .
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Lingkungan (semua ketegori) - Teknik Lingkungan
Articles 964 Documents
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The Effect of H2SO4 Concentration on the Yield and Purity of Zinc Sulfate in the Synthesis of Zinc Sulfate from Zinc Waste , Sunardi; , Sumardiyono; Mahayana, Argoto; Hidayati, Nur; , Soebiyanto; Dewantara, Mahardira; Afghohani, Afif
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Januari 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

Zinc waste is a type of waste that comes from the use or production of zinc metal. Zinc waste is widely used in the production of paint, ceramics, glass, lamps, and pesticides. Zinc waste is very dangerous if not properly processed/utilized. If disposed of in large quantities into waterways, zinc waste can cause environmental pollution. Zinc waste is actually needed in water, but only in very small amounts. If the zinc content in water exceeds the specified threshold, it will be dangerous and toxic to living organisms. Excess zinc waste will damage the aquatic and soil ecosystems, which will certainly also have an impact on the health of living creatures and pose health risks to humans, such as digestive disorders and damage to certain organs. To reduce the amount of zinc waste, it is necessary to synthesize zinc waste into zinc sulfate. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sulfuric acid concentration on the yield and purity of zinc sulfate from zinc waste. The synthesis process includes pre-treatment, which is carried out by reducing the size of the zinc waste, then soaking the zinc waste in hydrochloric acid (HCl) to dissolve the oxide layer contained in it, cleaning the zinc surface of crusts, and separating the zinc from its mixture. Then, the synthesis process is carried out using a sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution with varying concentrations (20%, 30%, 35%, and 45%) with heating at a temperature of 75-80° C and stirring at a speed of 300-350 rpm. Filtration is then carried out, and the filtrate obtained is heated until the solution becomes saturated, followed by a crystallization process. It is cooled to room temperature, and zinc sulfate crystals are obtained. In this study, white zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4.7H2O) was obtained using a 45% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution, yielding a weight of zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4.7H2O) of 3.1729 grams, a ZnSO4.7H2O concentration of 52.80% and the purity level of ZnSO4.7H2O was 96.28%.
Audit Energi Sederhana pada Pompa Distribusi Q1, Q2, dan Q3 di IPA Sunggal Perumda Tirtanadi Provinsi Sumatera Utara Rizkia, Almira Mili; Adhi Yuniarto
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Januari 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

A preliminary energy audit is a crucial step in identifying potential energy savings and improving operational efficiency in pump systems within water treatment installations. This study aims to evaluate the energy efficiency of distribution pumps Q1, Q2, and Q3 at the Sunggal Water Treatment Plant (IPA Sunggal) operated by Perumda Tirtanadi, North Sumatra Province, through a preliminary audit. The methodology includes measuring flow rate, pressure, current, voltage, and power factor to calculate hydraulic power, input power, pump efficiency, and Specific Energy Consumption (SEC). Results show that pump Q1 unit 3 and pump Q2 unit 7 have efficiencies below 60%, with SEC values indicating energy inefficiency. Improvement recommendations are provided based on efficiency criteria, ranging from impeller adjustments to complete pump replacement. This audit serves as the initial step toward a comprehensive energy audit plan to support energy efficiency and sustainability in the water distribution system.
Analisis Pengaruh Asam Organik dari Cangkang Kelapa dengan Metode Pirolisis Terhadap Proses Reduksi Scale di Industri Minyak Putri, Aninda Arik Tanza; Meidinariasty, Anerasari; Ekawati, Linda
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Januari 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

Scale problems in the oil industry have become a serious challenge because they can clog piping systems and reduce operational efficiency. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of organic acids from coconut shell pyrolysis as an environmentally friendly scale reducer and compare it with HCl solutions at various concentrations. Pyrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 500°C for 30 minutes to produce bio-oil rich in phenolic compounds and organic acids. Characterization using GC-MS showed the dominance of phenol compounds, 2-methoxy phenol, and 2,6-dimethoxy phenol which play an active role in the reduction process. Reduction tests were carried out on Fe₂O₃, Fe₃O₄, and FeSO4-based scales with time variations of 5-40 minutes, and 5-30% HCl as a comparison. The results showed that organic acid was able to reduce scale by up to 36.03% in 40 minutes, equivalent to 15% HCl (37.85% at 20 minutes) and 25% HCl (37.45% at 10 minutes). The optimum effectiveness of organic acid occurred at 30.04% at the 25th minute. Although HCl showed a higher reduction capacity, organic acid was considered safer for the environment and metal infrastructure. This study indicates that bio-oil from coconut shell pyrolysis has potential as a sustainable alternative for scale reduction.
Implementation of Non-Destructive Radiographic Testing for Welding Defect Inspection on Heat Exchanger Project DXXXX at PT XYZ Ismawaty, Marizka Putri; Herwanto, Dene; Sumitra, Naufal Rabbani; Sulaeman, Benyamine
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Januari 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

Welding in the heat exchanger fabrication process is a critical stage that determines structural integrity and operational safety, but internal defects are still often found that cannot be detected visually. This study was conducted to identify the type of welding defect in the Heat Exchanger Project DXXXX and analyze the causative factors based on ASME Section V and VIII standards. The research approach uses a descriptive qualitative method through direct observation of the welding process, Radiography Test documentation, and interviews with Quality Control personnel during field work practice activities. The results showed that out of 279 radiographic films examined at 29 connection points, 31 defects were found consisting of two main types, namely slag inclusion and porosity. Slag inclusion defects are the most dominant finding and are influenced by human factors and work methods, while porosity defects are mainly caused by inaccuracies in methods related to the regulation and use of shielding gas. These findings indicate that inconsistencies in welding procedures, suboptimal material preparation, and inconsistent process control contribute significantly to the occurrence of defects. This study concludes that the Radiography Test is able to provide a comprehensive picture of the quality of weld joints and the defect patterns that occur in heat exchanger fabrication. Recommendations include improving operator competence, reviewing welding procedures according to ASME standards, improving QC supervision, and regular calibration of welding equipment to minimize the recurrence of defects in the welding process in the future
Sustainability and Energy Potential of Extrusion Processed Biomass Briquettes: A Systematic Literature Review Bimo Aji, Dody; janan, Ahmad Janan Febrianto; , Reza Bayu Kurniawan; , Gahar Albani Rasyid; , Iqbal Maulana
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Januari 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

The global energy crisis and the increasing volume of agro-industrial waste have accelerated the development of environmentally friendly and sustainable biomass-based alternative energy sources. Extrusion technology has emerged as a promising approach for converting biomass waste into high-quality energy briquettes with enhanced thermal performance and minimal environmental impact. This study aims to analyze the energy potential and sustainability contributions of extrusion-based biomass briquettes through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, providing a multidimensional thematic understanding of recent research trends. The review follows the PRISMA protocol and utilizes the Scopus database, systematically selecting 30 scientific articles published between 2019 and 2025 based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The analysis focuses on feedstock characteristics, processing technologies, energy outputs, and contributions to environmental, economic, and social sustainability. The findings reveal that agro-industrial residues such as rice husks, straw, and food waste, when processed through extrusion with natural binders, produce briquettes with high calorific values, low emissions, and efficient combustion performance. This approach also promotes waste reduction, cost efficiency, and the empowerment of community-based renewable energy enterprises. The study concludes that extrusion technology holds strategic potential in supporting the transition toward renewable energy and achieving sustainable development goals, applicable to both industrial and household energy scales.
Optimasi Industri Peternakan Ayam Broiler Di UD. Sumber Urip Kabupaten Jember Nesfian, Dwi Apink Dela; Nelly Budiharti; Mariza Kertaningtyas
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Januari 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

UD. Sumber Urip is a UMKM engaged in broiler chicken farming. As market demand for chicken meat continues to rise, the implementation of proper broiler farm management must also be improved. The analysis was conducted using the FMEA method to identify risks based on the RPN value, followed by developing priority improvement proposals using the 5W+1H method. Optimization of harvest output was then analyzed using Linear Programming based on the proposed improvements. The data results show that the highest RPN values in the FMEA assessment were feed not meeting standards and age-phase mismatch, with an RPN of 225, and chicken density not being properly calculated, with an RPN of 240. The proposed improvements focus on aligning the appropriate amount of feed and considering proper stocking density. Furthermore, the optimization analysis using Linear Programming with POM-QM software produced the following results: the initial condition yielded 50,866 kg, condition 1 yielded 50,866 kg, condition 2 produced 55,029 kg, and condition 4 produced 54,638.7 kg. Condition 2 was identified as the most optimal, where House A required 6,500 kg of S00 feed, 15,000 kg of S11 feed, and 38,000 kg of S12 feed with a density of 14 chicken/m². Meanwhile, House B required 4,000 kg of S00 feed, 7,500 kg of S11 feed, and 19,000 kg of S12 feed with a density of 13 chicken/m².
Sintesis Gliserol Stearat Dari Gliserol Produk Industri Minyak Kelapa Sawit Untuk Proses Inhibitor Korosi Wijaya, Ariyanto Hadi; Aznury, Martha; Dewi, Erwana
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Januari 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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This study aims to synthesize glycerol stearate from palm oil industrial products and test its effectiveness as a corrosion inhibitor on aluminum metal. The synthesis was carried out through an esterification reaction between glycerol and stearic acid using a sulfuric acid catalyst at a temperature of 120°C with a reaction time variation of 120–220 minutes. The synthesized products were characterized using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) methods. The inhibitor effectiveness test was carried out using a gravimetric method based on the ASTM G31-21 standard in 1 M HCl solution. The results showed an optimum reaction time of 180 minutes with a yield of glycerol monostearate of 16.36%. TLC showed the highest Rf value close to the glycerol monostearate standard, while GC-MS detected the main compounds in the form of glycerol monopalmitate and glycerol monostearate. Effectiveness testing showed that the coating method produced an inhibition efficiency of 76.89%, higher than the direct mixing method of 73.69%. These results indicate that glycerol stearate has the potential to be an effective and environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor based on biodiesel waste.
Ekstraksi Oleoresin Dari Jahe Emprit (Zingiber Officinale var. Amarum) Dengan Metode Sokletasi Naidir, Ferra; Retno Wulandari; Pandit Hernowo; Andi Nuraliyah; Agung Siswahyu; Tulus Sukreni; Lisa Adhani
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Januari 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

Indonesia produces many useful spice plants, included ginger (zingiber officinale). Ginger is extracted to produce oleoresin, active components, such as gingerol, shogaol, and zingiberene, providing a distinctive aroma and taste usefully for the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. The study obtain the best value on the variable size of ginger powder and the duration of soaking in solvent (96% ethanol) on oleoresin yield, using the soxhlet extraction method. The ratio of ginger powder and ethanol is 1: 10 (w / v) with ginger powder sizes of 20, 40, 60 mesh and soaking times of 0, 3, 9 hours, operated at a temperature of 70 ° C for 90 minutes. The process ends with simple distillation at a temperature between 66 - 69 oC for 90 minutes to purify the ginger oleoresin from the solvent. The highest yield of 88%, weighed 19.262 grams, was obtained from 60 mesh (0.250 mm) ginger powder with a soaking time of 9 hours. The average oleoresin SG value is 0.88-0.98 gr/mL with a refractive index of 1.03-1.07. From the chromatogram of the GC-MS analysis results, it was known that the highest active component was zingiberene at 26.43% which was obtained at 20.48 minutes.
Pembobotan Kriteria Evaluasi Kinerja Pemasok dengan Mempertimbangkan Risiko Gangguan Menggunakan Metode Best Worst Method Wahyu Elanda, Redian; Simbolon, Oky; Laymina Ikhsan, Wakhid
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Januari 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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At PT X, an electronics manufacturer, disruptions caused by natural disasters and social factors have generated additional costs of about 8–10%. This condition underlines the importance of explicitly incorporating risk, especially disruption risk, into supplier evaluation. This study develops and weights supplier evaluation criteria by adding a risk dimension to the traditional dimensions of cost, quality, delivery, and flexibility. The Best Worst Method (BWM) is used to determine criteria weights through pairwise comparisons between the best and worst criteria, requiring fewer comparisons and improving the consistency of expert judgments. Data were obtained from three experienced procurement experts at PT X. The results show that cost and quality are the most influential dimensions, followed by delivery, risk, and flexibility. At the criteria level, product price, product reliability, on-time delivery, and risk-related indicators such as manufacturing capability, problem-solving capability, disaster recovery planning, performance history, and geographical location are relatively dominant. Low consistency values (ξ) indicate acceptable expert consistency. The resulting framework helps firms evaluate suppliers more comprehensively, reduce disruption-related costs, and enhance supply chain reliability.
Analysis of the Effect of Rainwater Infiltration on Slope Stability Using the Limit Equilibrium Method at the Outpit Disposal, Serongga Site, PT Baramega Citra Mulia Persada Hulwani, Zati; Muhammad Hanif Khuzaifi; Nurul Aflah; Abrar Muslim; Yoessi Oktarini; Pocut Nurul Alam
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Januari 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Slope stability in mining areas is a critical aspect that must be carefully considered, particularly in regions with high rainfall intensity. Heavy rainfall can increase the risk of slope failure, disrupt mining operations, and reduce planned production targets. This study investigates the effect of rainfall infiltration on slope stability at PT Baramega Citra Mulia Persada, Kotabaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) using the Janbu method was applied to evaluate the Factor of Safety (FoS) under different moisture conditions and to assess the influence of rainfall infiltration on slope performance in the outpit disposal area. FoS calculations were conducted on four slope cross-sections, namely AA’, BB’, CC’, and DD’, based on geotechnical and rainfall data. The results indicate that each slope exhibits variations in FoS under different moisture conditions. Slope AA’ shows FoS values of 1.48 (saturated), 1.976 (partially saturated), and 2.007 (dry). Slope BB’ has FoS values of 1.311, 1.650, and 1.711, while slope CC’ exhibits FoS values of 1.516, 2.187, and 2.279. Slope DD’ represents the most critical condition, with the lowest FoS values of 1.106 (saturated), 1.374 (partially saturated), and 1.470 (dry). To improve stability, a geometric modification was applied to slope DD’ by adding an additional bench with a height of 4.3 m, which increased the FoS to 1.514 and satisfied the mine slope stability criteria.

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