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Munawar Khalil
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joms@unimal.ac.id
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Department of Marine Science, Universitas Malikussaleh. Jl. Universitas, Reuleut Main Campus, North Aceh, Province of Aceh, 24351, Indonesia.
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Kota lhokseumawe,
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INDONESIA
Journal of Marine Studies
Published by Universitas Malikussaleh
ISSN : -     EISSN : 3047406X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.29103/joms.v1i1
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Science
Journal of Marine Studies (JoMS) is an international peer-reviewed, open-access scientific journal dedicated to publishing novel research articles, critical-review articles, case studies, short communications, methodological advances, and data papers on all aspects of the marine environment that contribute to systematic knowledge of ocean system and the impact of human activities on them, vice versa. JoMS publishes high-impact scientific articles across the extensive spectrum of marine science, technology and integrated studies (listed on focus and scope). JoMS has a definite aim to distribute a high-quality scientific journal with free Internet-based access for researchers, stakeholders, and other interested people throughout the globe. Journal of Marine Studies publishes original research articles, opinion essays, case reports, short communications, and critical reviews on all aspects of the marine environment. JoMS publishes scientific articles across the extensive spectrum of the marine sciences, including: Oceanography Marine biotechnology Marine biodiversity and living resources Marine geographic information system and remote sensing Marine geology marine pollution Marine fisheries Mariculture Marine genomic Marine policy and law Marine management and conservation Marine technology Marine climatology Marine paleontology Coastal and estuarine dynamic Marine socio-economic Marine modelling Related topics constitute the key elements of papers Integrated studies that link gaps between marine science disciplines
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Bumi dan Planet (semua kategori) - Oseanografi
Articles 37 Documents
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Advances in understanding physical and biological controls on eggs and larval distribution in Pacific fisheries: A review Sumon, Md Afsar Ahmed; Hartono, Sugeng; Amran, Ramzi H.; Santanumurti, Muhammad Browijoyo; Khan, Saadullah Jan; Akther, Sajia; Gabr, Mohamed Hosny; Linh, Nguyen Vu; Doan, Hien Van
Journal of Marine Studies Volume 1, Issue 3 (November, 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/joms.v1i3.18627

Abstract

The early stages of fish, comprising eggs and larvae, are exceptionally fragile and sensitive to environmental dynamics and climate change. Pacific Ocean (PO) currents play an important role in shaping the distribution of marine organisms, influencing global climate patterns, heat distribution, coastal temperatures, and nutrient redistribution. These currents reveal significant changes within the climate system. Their variability across different timescales can be attributed to the complex interplay of physical forces. These currents are subjected to diverse anthropogenic factors, exerting detrimental effects on the dispersal of fish larvae. Furthermore, climate change variables, including alterations in tropical PO temperature associated with the ENSO cycle, Atlantic Nino modes influencing equatorial Atlantic temperature, changes in ocean salinity, polar ice cap melting, increasing greenhouse gases, marine heatwaves, and fluctuations in subsurface flows, directly impact the distribution, abundance, and species composition of early life stages. Major Pacific fisheries, such as those targeting Pacific sardines, saury, and anchovies, undergo population booms and declines due to significant alterations in the current dynamics of currents and fronts within the PO. The anticipated intensification of the ENSO cycle, characterized by more frequent and severe El Niño (warm) and La Niña (cold) events as a result of climate change, is expected to significantly impact the early developmental stages of important commercial fish stocks regularly. This review synthesizes the current understanding of the physical and biological parameters driving changes in ocean currents and their implications for early fish dispersion, emphasizing the critical need for research in this area to inform global conservation efforts, fisheries management, and food security.
Structural characterization and species composition of mangrove vegetation in Lhokseumawe, Indonesia: Insight from multivariate analysis Putri, Adinda Aulia; Erlangga, Erlangga; Syahrial, Syahrial; Ezraneti, Riri; Nufus, Hayatun; Leni, Yusyam; Rolin, Febrina
Journal of Marine Studies Volume 1, Issue 3 (November, 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/joms.v1i3.19052

Abstract

The structure of the plant community significantly influences the equilibrium of the surrounding environment, affecting the trophic interactions within its ecosystem. The investigation of mangrove vegetation in Cut Mamplam village was carried out in September 2021 to determine the condition and structural characteristics of the mangrove ecosystem by multivariate analysis. The mangrove vegetation in Cut Mamplam Village was sampled at three observation stations by establishing a transect parallel to the coast. Subsequently, the community structure was examined and assessed using cluster analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling using the PRIMER v7 software. The study findings indicate that the mangrove forest vegetation in Cut Mamplam Village consists of five species from three families. Avicennia alba, A. lanata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora mucronata and Sonneratia alba. The highest density of mangrove vegetation was observed in A. alba in all categories: trees (616.67 ind/ha), seedlings (833.33 ind/ha) and saplings (66666.67 ind/ha). Additionally, the highest important value index (IVI) was recorded in A. alba for all categories: trees (232.16%), seedlings (102.40%), and saplings (228.43%). A similarity of mangrove density between species was noted at 60%, resulting in the formation of two distinct groups. Regarding the basal area, the vegetation stands of A. alba and A. lanata exhibited the highest values (280.61 and 266.03 m2/ha, respectively). The similarity of basal area among the observed species was 20%, resulting in the formation of two distinct groups. Additionally, Station II, classified as having mature vegetation, demonstrated a maturity similarity of 80% between observation stations.
Biometric and condition index of Anadara antiquata (Bivalvia: Arcidae) from the intertidal area of Lhokseumawe, Indonesia Kafi, Siti Umayyah; Zulfikar, Zulfikar; Khalil, Munawar
Journal of Marine Studies Volume 1, Issue 3 (November, 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/joms.v1i3.18759

Abstract

Although the biometric characteristics and condition indices of bivalves, including Anadara antiquata, are well-studied, their relationship with environmental factors in tropical intertidal zones, remains poorly understood. This study examined the biometric characteristics and condition index of the cockle A. antiquata in relation to water quality parameters in the intertidal zone of Lhokseumawe, Indonesia, from August 2014 to March 2015. Monthly sampling of 50 cockles during low tide in the estuarine reservoir measured cockle weight, shell length, shell height, condition index, and water quality parameters, including temperature, pH, and salinity. Strong positive relationships were observed between shell length and cockle weight (R² = 0.847, r = 0.920), shell height and shell length (R² = 0.861, r = 0.927), and cockle weight and shell height (R² = 0.887, r = 0.941). Allometric models indicated negative allometry in these relationships. Analysis of the condition index revealed continuous dribble spawning throughout the study period. Water quality parameters included temperatures ranging from 28.2 - 32.2 °C (mean 30.02 ± 1.62 °C), salinity levels between 34.4 - 35.5 ppt (mean 35.08 ± 0.32 ppt), and pH values of 6.77 - 6.86 (mean 6.82 ± 0.03), reflecting favourable environmental conditions for cockle growth and reproduction.
Abundance and distribution of anthropogenic marine litter in Hatiya and Nijhum Dwip Island, Bangladesh Mahmud, Md. Nasim; Rahman, Md. Obaidur; Jahan, Roksana
Journal of Marine Studies Volume 1, Issue 3 (November, 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/joms.v1i3.19198

Abstract

Marine litter is commonly found throughout the oceans, and creates a significant threat to the marine ecosystem. The purpose of the study was to investigate the abundance and distribution of marine litter in Hatiya and Nijhum Dwip Islands, Bangladesh during the post-monsoon and to determine beach cleanliness using the clean-coast index (CCI). A 100-meter line transect was established at each beach, divided into five sections of 20 meters each and positioned perpendicular to the shoreline at the water's edge. A total of 11 types of marine litter were observed. Namar Bazar, Nijhum Dwip Sea beach showed a higher density of litter (0.30 items/m2) compared to Kamalar Dighi, Hatiya (0.13 items/m2). Over 70% of marine litter originated from land-based sources. Plastics were abundant litter at the Kamalar Dighi (46.66%) and Namar Bazar (61.29%). Different size ranges of marine litter were exhibited at the Kamalar Dighi (1.27-25.4 cm) and Namar Bazar (2-74 cm). Based on the mean CCI value, Hatiya and Nijhum Dwip beaches were classified as clean (2.4) and moderate (4.96), respectively. This study, therefore, suggested the conceptual policy framework including short-term (i.e., cleanness of beaches, create awareness, establishment of storages, etc.) and long-term management approaches that would be implemented for sustainable management of marine litter to ensure the conservation of marine biodiversity in the Hatiya and Nijhum Dwip Island
Coral gardening in a changing climate: Rapid assessment of the 4th recorded bleaching event at the Anantara Lagoon and reef system, South Male Atoll, Maldives Migliaccio, Oriana
Journal of Marine Studies Volume 2, Issue 1 (March, 2025)
Publisher : Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/joms.v2i1.19332

Abstract

Coral reefs are crucial to marine biodiversity and provide essential ecosystem services, but they face severe threats from climate change, particularly through coral bleaching events. The Maldives, renowned for its diverse coral reefs, has experienced increasing coral bleaching incidents, impacting both marine biodiversity and the tourism-dependent economy. This study investigates the effects of the 2024 coral bleaching event on coral nurseries within the Anantara Lagoon and reef system, South Male Atoll, Maldives. Monitoring was conducted across two coral nurseries in the lagoon and one coral nursery on the natural reef, focusing on species-specific responses to bleaching, predation, and survival rate. Results revealed variability in bleaching impacts among species and locations. Acropora aspera and Acropora muricata exhibited high mortality rates and increased predation, particularly at greater depths (~5 m), while Montipora digitata, Pocillopora damicornis, and Porites cylindrica showed greater resilience. The findings highlight the importance of adaptive management strategies for coral nurseries, emphasizing real-time environmental monitoring and strategic nursery placement to bolster coral reef resilience. This study underscores the need for integrated approaches combining coral restoration with broader reef management practices to enhance ecosystem recovery and sustainability.
Assessment of microplastics contamination in selected coral species from Kuantan coastal waters off the South China Sea Miskon, Fuad; Sharulnizam, Shamin Amarul; Ghazali, Intan Noor Munira; Mohd Hanapiah, Muhammad Faiz; Rosli, Muhammad Khairulanwar
Journal of Marine Studies Volume 1, Issue 3 (November, 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/joms.v1i3.17929

Abstract

Microplastics, defined as plastic particles less than 5 mm in size, pose a significant environmental threat and have been detected across various terrestrial and marine ecosystems. This study explores the abundance, types, and potential impact of microplastics in corals from the coastal waters of Kuantan, Malaysia. Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, three coral species - Acropora, Montipora, and Porites - were collected from two locations, Pulau Ular and Cherok Paloh, to identify and quantify the microplastics contamination. A total of nine samples underwent a digestion process to isolate and analyze microplastics from both external and internal structures. The results revealed that Acropora species exhibited the highest microplastics abundance, while Montipora and Porites showed similar but comparatively lower contamination levels. The identified polymers included polyacrylamide, polyvinyl, polyethylene, polyamide, styrene, polypropylene, methyl vinyl ether, and polystyrene, with polyacrylamide being the most prevalent, constituting 33.33% of the total microplastics detected. These findings align with previous studies and underscore the potential adverse effects on coral feeding mechanisms, energy intake, and overall health. This study highlights the significance of ongoing research to refine microplastic identification methods and to develop targeted strategies to mitigate their impact on marine ecosystems.
Characterization of marine debris at Bluka Teubai Beach, North Aceh, Indonesia: Composition, density, and temporal patterns Imamshadiqin, Imamshadiqin; Andika, Yudho; Syahputra, Andika; Erniati, Erniati; Salmarika, Salmarika
Journal of Marine Studies Volume 2, Issue 1 (March, 2025)
Publisher : Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/joms.v2i1.19487

Abstract

Marine debris consists of materials discarded or unintentionally introduced into the marine environment by human activities. The increasing volume of marine debris is largely attributed to human activity near coastal areas. Bluka Teubai Beach, North Aceh, a popular visitor destination, has a high potential for waste accumulation. This study, conducted in May 2024, employed a purposive sampling method to assess marine debris. The research area was divided into three stations with distinct characteristics, using the line transect method. Results from Bluka Teubai Beach identified two primary waste categories: organic and inorganic. Organic waste included wood, bamboo, and coconut husk, while inorganic waste consisted of plastic, glass, metal, and rubber. Among organic waste, wood exhibited the highest absolute density (0.456 items/m²) and relative density (53.950%), followed by bamboo (0.317 items/m², 39.641%) and coconut husk (0.049 items/m², 6.409%). The overall density of organic waste at Bluka Teubai Beach was highest for wood (0.23 items/m²), with an average relative density of 58.640%. For inorganic waste, plastic had the highest absolute density in pieces (2.24 items/m²) and relative density in pieces (96.968%). The highest absolute density and relative mass of inorganic waste were also found in plastic (99.94 g/m² and 64.36%, respectively). Temporal analysis revealed that organic waste accumulation peaked on Fridays, while inorganic waste was most abundant on Tuesdays in terms of count and on Sundays in terms of mass. The results underscore the urgent need for targeted waste management strategies and continuous monitoring to mitigate marine debris pollution and protect the coastal ecosystem of Bluka Teubai Beach.
Optimizing the reproductive performance of clownfish Amphiprion percula: Effects of artificial substrates on spawning, fertilization, and hatchability in captive breeding Iftahuddin, Iftahuddin; Muliani, Muliani; Zulfikar, Zulfikar
Journal of Marine Studies Volume 2, Issue 1 (March, 2025)
Publisher : Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/joms.v2i1.21045

Abstract

The increasing demand for marine ornamental fish, particularly Amphiprion percula, has raised concerns about sustainability due to the heavy reliance on wild-caught specimens. Captive breeding programs offer a viable alternative; however, reproductive success varies significantly depending on the artificial substrates used. This study examines the effects of different substrate types on spawning duration, fertilization rate, and egg hatchability in A. percula under controlled aquaculture conditions. A completely randomized design was implemented, testing four substrate types”cobek (earthenware, control), PVC pipes, ceramic pieces, and asbestos sheets”with three replicates each. Broodstock were maintained in optimized water quality conditions, with regular monitoring of feeding regimes and spawning behavior. The results demonstrated that substrate type significantly influenced reproductive parameters. The shortest spawning interval was observed in the cobek treatment (7 days), while the longest was recorded in the asbestos treatment (32.67 days). Fertilization rates ranged from 96.67% in the cobek treatment to 93.42% in the PVC pipe treatment. Notably, the hatchability of fertilized eggs remained consistently at 100% across all treatments, suggesting that artificial substrates do not compromise embryonic development. Water quality parameters were maintained within optimal ranges throughout the experiment, ensuring a stable rearing environment. This research contributes to the improvement of captive breeding practices, reducing dependency on wild populations and supporting the sustainable trade of marine ornamental fish. Future studies should explore additional factors influencing breeding success, including environmental cues and broodstock conditioning, to further refine aquaculture methodologies.
Biometric characteristics of eel Anguilla bicolor in Krueng Sawang River, North Aceh, Indonesia Mulyadi, Mulyadi; Zulfikar, Zulfikar; Khalil, Munawar
Journal of Marine Studies Volume 2, Issue 1 (March, 2025)
Publisher : Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/joms.v2i1.21108

Abstract

Eels are a valuable economic resource in both local and international markets due to their high nutritional content, particularly their rich vitamin and micronutrient profile. However, their populations face increasing threats from overfishing and habitat degradation, necessitating a deeper understanding of their distribution, growth patterns, and ecological characteristics. This study aimed to identify eel (Anguilla bicolor) species inhabiting the Krueng Sawang River, analyze their length-weight relationships, and assess biometric variations among different sampling locations. Fieldwork was conducted in April and May 2018 across three sampling stations in North Aceh District: Tanoh Anoe (Station 1), Gle Dagang (Station 2), and Babah Krueng (Station 3). A total of 100 eels were collected, with individuals from Station 1 averaging 50.17 cm in length and 237.78 g in weight, those from Station 2 averaging 31.96 cm in length and 135.93 g, and specimens from Station 3 averaging 35.18 cm in length and 148.21 g. Morphological analysis confirmed that all collected specimens belonged to A. bicolor, indicating a homogeneous population within the river system. The length-weight relationship analysis revealed a negative allometric growth pattern, suggesting that increases in length outpace weight gain. These findings provide valuable insights into the population dynamics of A. bicolor in North Aceh, offering essential baseline data for future conservation efforts and the development of sustainable fisheries management strategies.
Microplastic contamination in pelagic fishes from the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia Nawawi, Ain Waznin Nuha Ahmad; Ezraneti, Riri; Miskon, Mohd Fuad; Mohamed, Juliana
Journal of Marine Studies Volume 2, Issue 1 (March, 2025)
Publisher : Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/joms.v2i1.21125

Abstract

Microplastic contamination in marine environments is a growing concern, particularly in fish species consumed by humans. This study investigates the presence and characteristics of microplastics in the livers of Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) and yellowtail scad (Atule mate) collected from Pahang and Kelantan. The abundance of microplastics was quantified for each species at each location, with the total count normalized by the number of fish analyzed following the extraction and identification process. Microplastic identification was conducted using a Stereoscopic Microscope, while polymer composition was determined through ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The microplastic abundance recorded was 0.067 particles per fish. The microplastic identified were predominantly fragments and filaments in red, black, and grey colors. The polymers found were poly(diallyl phthalate) (PDAP), poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), polypropylene (PP), poly(cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate) (PCT), and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The finding of microplastics in fish livers provides preliminary evidence of contamination and suggests direct exposure of these vital organs. This raises serious concerns about potential contamination in other crucial organs, including the gills, gastrointestinal tract, tissues, and even the brain. This highlights the need for further research on microplastic exposure pathways and its ecological implications along the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia.

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