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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 22526951     EISSN : 25026844     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Chemistry Physics
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science publishes basic research articles and conceptual of Chemistry, issued three (3) times a year, overall 10 articles per issued. To commemorate important events and agenda, may be issued a special edition that will include 10 articles in each issue.
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 10 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024)" : 10 Documents clear
PHYTOCHEMICALS & ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ANDALIMAN SEEDS AND FLESH Salim, Reny
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Kimia

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Abstract

Andaliman fruit is one kind of spice that has antioxidant benefits. Secondary antioxidants are needed by the human body to combat internal and external free radicals. Effort can be made to eliminate these free radicals by eating foods that have active compounds with adequate antioxidant activity. The study aims to identify the group of secondary metabolite compounds and the antioxidant activity of fruit flesh and seeds. The extraction method used is maceration using a 70% ethanol-acidified solvent. The phytochemical screening method is a color reaction. The method of antioxidant activity is DPPH. Result of the phytochemical screening of simplisia and extract of fruit (seeds and flesh) show the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins. The results of the phytochemical screening of seed simplisia revealed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, and tannins. The antioxidant activity of seed and flesh extracts falls into the strong category with IC50 values of (56,80 and 52,32) ppm. It has been suggested that the maceration method using the acidified solvent affects the antioxidant activity of seeds and flesh of the andaliman fruit.
Synthesis and Characterization of Banana Hump Waste-Based Bioplastic with the Addition of Banana Pseudostem Nanocellulose and Glycerol Iva Maylana Devi; Sigit Priatmoko
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Kimia

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Abstract

Indonesia menghasilkan limbah plastik di laut 1,29 juta metrik ton per tahun berdasarkan laporan Nova Chemicals. Lamanya waktu yang dibutuhkan plastik untuk terdegradasi secara sempurna yaitu lebih dari 100 tahun. Bioplastik muncul sebagai alternatif ramah lingkungan karena dapat terurai. Bonggol pisang di dalamnya terkandung pati dalam kadar tinggi sehingga dapat dijadikan bahan baku pembuatan bioplastik. Penambahan filler berupa selulosa dalam bioplastik pati dapat meningkatkan kekuatan bioplastik.  Batang semu pisang kadar selulosanya tinggi dapat dijadikan nanoselulosa yang digunakaan sebagai filler untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanik bioplastik. Peningkatan elastisitas bioplastik dapat dilakukan dengan penambahan zat pemlastis berupa gliserol. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh penambahan nanoselulosa dan gliserol terhadap bioplastik berbasis pati. Metode pembuatan nanoselulosa berupa hidrolisis asam dan metode pembuatan bioplastik berupa metode casting. Hasil uji yang didapat pada bioplastik yaitu nilai kuat tarik 1,83 MPa, elongasi 11,45% modulus young 48,12 MPa, persen kehilangan berat biodegradasi 64,44%. 
Cr (VI) Removal from Aqueos Solution by Coagulation – Adsorption Integrated System Sawali, Fikrah Dian Indrawati; Setyawan, Fery; Afandy, Moh Azhar; Mustikaningrum, Mega
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Kimia

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Abstract

Industrial wastewater generated by nickel mining has a high content of heavy metals, one of which is Chromium Hexavalent or Cr(VI) metal. Commonly used methods in reducing Cr(VI) metal concentration are coagulation and adsorption. This method is the most economical, simple and highly efficient method. This research uses the coagulation - adsorption integration system method, which is a combination of coagulation and adsorption methods in stages and uses the same wastewater. The purpose of this research is to see the performance of alum, FeSO4 and a combination of alum: FeSO4 as coagulant and fly ash as adsorbent in the removal of Cr(VI) levels in wastewater samples. Also, the efficiency of using the coagulation - adsorption integration system in the removal of heavy metal levels. The adsorption capacity value of this process can also be calculated. The resulting data were then evaluated using a spectrophotometer visible to assess the reduction of Cr(VI) concentration in wastewater. Based on the experiment, alum type coagulant with a waste and coagulant composition ratio of 2:3 and a stirring time of 60 minutes can reduce Cr(VI) levels to 14.18 mg/L from 100 mg/L. The addition of the adsorption process using fly ash helped reduce the concentration of heavy metal Cr(VI) to 12.15 mg/L and the highest efficiency value was 87.9%, and the adsorption capacity value was 0.087 mg/gram.
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): Medicinal Marvel or Menace? Assessing Potency, Risk, and Future Prospect of Herbal Medicine Ni'ma, Neli Syahida
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Kimia

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Abstract

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) boasts a rich historical legacy as an herbal plant employed across generations for diverse therapeutic purposes, including pain relief, inflammation mitigation, anti-diarrheal effects, cough suppression, alleviation of fatigue, and anti-anxiety and antidepressant properties. Despite its acclaimed medicinal versatility, this plant harbors psychoactive attributes, thereby posing the risk of misuse and potential dependence, along with withdrawal effects. The alkaloid composition of kratom, featuring opioid receptor agonist properties, underscores its analgesic efficacy, thereby carrying a risk of dependence and withdrawal akin to other opioid agonists. Beyond its role as an opioid agonist, the analgesic mechanism of kratom extends to additional complementary pathways, presenting a potential superiority to morphine. Notably, kratom constituents inhibit key drug-metabolizing enzymes (CYP) and the multidrug transporter, p-glycoprotein, potentially leading to heightened levels of co-administered drugs that are substrates for these proteins, presenting a potential risk of adverse outcomes, including fatality. Given the perceived imbalance of risks versus benefits, there arises a rationale for the prohibition of kratom use as an herbal remedy. However, the exploration of purified drugs derived from kratom isolates remains a promising avenue for research, with the potential to surpass standard pharmaceutical interventions.  
Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan-Nano silver-Aloe vera as Wound Gel Preparation and Antibacterial Activity Test of Staphylococcus aureus Astuti, Tsani; Sari Edi Cahyaningrum
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Kimia

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Abstract

Luka akut terbuka dapat dengan mudah terkena infeksi jika tidak ditangani dengan baik sehingga dapat menyebabkan proses penyembuhannya lebih lama. Salah satu bakteri yang sering menyebabkan infeksi adalah bakteri Staphylococcus aureus karena terdapat pada permukaan kulit. Salah satu cara untuk mencegah terjadinya infeksi adalah dengan memberikan sediaan topikal yang berbahan kitosan-nanosilver-lidah buaya karena memilliki sifat antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan sintesis dan karakterisasi serta uji antibakteri dari bahan dan sediaan topikal berupa gel untuk luka. Sediaan gel dibuat dengan 8 formula yaitu F0 (tanpa lidah buaya), F1(tanpa kitosan), F2(tanpa kitosan), F3-F7 dengan variasi penambahan lidah buaya secara berturut-turut (5,10,15,20 dan 25) %. Hasil karakterisasi FTIR sediaan gel menunjukkan adanya gugus fungsi O-H, N-H, C-C, N-O dan C-H. Hasil uji PSA nanosilver menunjukkan bahwa nanosilver yang disintesis memiliki ukuran patikel sebesar 30,47 nm. Pengukuran uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa formulasi sediaan gel kitosan-nanosilver-lidah buaya mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Diameter zona hambat tertinggi terdapat pada formula yang ditambahkan lidah buaya 25% yaitu sebesar 12,22 mm.
Formulation and Sunscreen Activity of Cream Preparation from Iler Leaves Extract (Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth) Widhihastuti, Endah; Larasati, Dhatu Sekar; Priatmoko, Sigit; Rakainsa, Senda Kartika
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v13i1.3583

Abstract

Paparan sinar ultraviolet memiliki efek positif seperti membantu produksi vitamin D, tetapi jika terlalu berlebihan dapat menyebabkan inflamasi akut, eritema, hiperpigmentasi, penuaan dini, dan kanker kulit. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan perlindungan tambahan yaitu tabir surya untuk menyerap atau memantulkan sinar UV. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji potensi ekstrak etanol dari daun iler (Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth) sebagai tabir surya dan memformulasikannya menjadi krim. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengekstraksi simplisia daun iler dengan metode maserasi dan pelarut etanol 96%. Uji fitokimia dilakukan pada ekstrak  untuk menentukan kandungan metabolit sekunder. Ekstrak dengan berbagai konsentrasi diuji aktivitas tabir surya dengan menentukan nilai SPF, %Te, dan %Tp. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun iler dengan nilai SPF terbaik adalah pada konsentrasi 0,3% dengan nilai SPF 29 yang berada dalam kategori tabir surya dengan perlindungan ultra. Formula krim F1 dengan kandungan asam stearat 17% dan trietanolamin 2% paling memenuhi evaluasi persiapan krim dengan nilai SPF 5 yang tergolong sedang, serta nilai %Te dan % Tp berturut 0,26359 dan 0,38828 yang tergolong sunblock.
Biopolymers of Chitosan-Anthocyanin From Purple Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea Batatas L.) Extract and Their Interaction with Formalin Riska Putri Mawarni; F. Widhi Mahatmanti; Harjono; Mohammad Alauhdin
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v13i1.3865

Abstract

Purple sweet potato is one of the potential sources of anthocyanins. Anthocyanins can be utilized in various fields, such as sensors. Chitosan biopolymer allows formulation with anthocyanins because it possesses biodegradable and antimicrobial properties, and it does not inhibit color changes from anthocyanins. This study aims to prepare anthocyanins from purple sweet potatoes, formulate chitosan-anthocyanin biopolymer (CAB), and test the effect of time and formalin concentration on color changes in CAB. The research results show: 1) anthocyanin extract (TAC) from purple sweet potatoes is 852 mg/L with anthocyanin monomer (cyanidin) of 443.03 mg/500 g or 88.61 mg/100g. Anthocyanin extract at pH 1-12 has colors ranging from red to brownish-yellow; 2) CAB was successfully formulated with anthocyanin extract from purple sweet potatoes, chitosan, and glycerin. BKA-A was obtained with a content of 10 mL anthocyanin extract and CAB-B with 15 mL anthocyanin extract; 3) the produced biopolymers have average swelling values of 444% (CAB-A) and 339.5% (CAB-B). The storage time of CAB-B is longer than CAB-A. FTIR analysis showed a broad peak at ~3336 cm-1 indicating hydroxyl groups from anthocyanin extract; and 4) ANOVA test results showed that interaction time and formalin concentration affect color changes in CAB-A partially, while color changes in CAB-B are only influenced by interaction time with formalin.
Pembuatan Indikator Asam dan Basa Alami dari Kulit Manggis (Garcinia mangostana) Asmorowati, Dian Sri; Ida Iryani Kristanti; Sri Susilogati Sumarti
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v13i1.4006

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat indikator alami dari kulit manggis. Pembuatan indikator alami dari kulit manggis digunakan sebagai pengganti indikator sintetik. Kandungan antosianin pada kulit manggis dapat digunakan sebagai indikator alami. Penggunaan indikator alami dari kulit manggis lebih hemat biaya, mudah didapat, dan lebih ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Metode penelitian ini meliputi: (1) Pembuatan indikator kulit manggis; (2) uji verifikasi antosianin; (3) Titrasi HCl dan NaOH menggunakan indikator kulit manggis. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mengurangi pencemaran limbah yang dihasilkan oleh praktikum. Berdasarkan pemaparan di atas, peneliti ingin ikut serta mewujudkan UNNES menjadi universitas konservasi yaitu dengan menggunakan indikator asam basa alami dari kulit manggis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembuatan indikator dari kulit manggis dilakukan dengan cara membuat ekstrak kulit manggis, uji pembuktian antosianin menunjukkan hasil positif, ekstrak kulit manggis dapat digunakan sebagai indikator alami pada titrasi asam basa, karena kandungan antosianin dalam kulit manggis berwarna kuning pada suasana asam (flavylium). Sedangkan apabila ditambah basa warna kuning semakin pudar karena terbentuk chalcone. PH pada Titik Akhir Titrasi jika menggunakan indikator alami kulit manggis berada pada rentang pH 6,35 hingga 6,40. Persentase kesalahan titrasi menggunakan indikator kulit manggis ialah 2,00%; 0,00%; dan 2,00%. Sedangkan persentase kesalahan titrasi menggunakan indikator PP adalah 11,11%; 30,34%; dan 2,78%. Persentase kesalahan titrasi menggunakan kulit manggis lebih kecil, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan indikator kulit manggis lebih baik dibandingkan dengan menggunakan indikator PP.
Characterization of Sodium Alginate and Chitosan Bioplastics With the Addition of Glycerol and Glutaraldehyde Khafid Kholiq; Samuel Budi Wardhana Kusuma
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v13i1.4189

Abstract

Based on data from the Indonesian Plastic Industry Association (INAPLAS) and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), Indonesia is the largest contributor of plastic waste in the world. Efforts to overcome plastic waste can be done by making bioplastics. Bioplastics are plastics made from biopolymers which can be degraded and can be renewed. In this research, bioplastics were made using a method of mixing the ingredients and then poured into a baking dish. The materials used are sodium alginate and chitosan as the main components of bioplastics and the addition of plasticizers in the form of glycerol and glutaraldehyde as crosslinking. The variations of sodium alginate and chitosan polymers used are A(1:2); B(1:1); C(2:1) (w/w). The bioplastic characteristics tested include thickness, mechanical properties test, water absorption test, functional group test using FTIR, morphology test using SEM, and degradation test. The consecutive thickness test results are: bioplastic A of 0.140 mm, bioplastic B of 0.098 mm, and bioplastic C of 0.146 mm. The mechanical properties test results show the best tensile strength, elasticity and elongation at break values ​​of 1.72 MPa, 2.73 MPa and 63.66% for bioplastic C. Bioplastic A has the highest water resistance value with the lowest water absorption capacity of 37. 6%. The results of FTIR analysis of bioplastics show the presence of O-H, N-H, and C-O-O groups. Morphological test results on the composite surface show that the cross-link network forms an acetal bridge structure. Bioplastic B experienced the highest degradation with a weight reduction of 91.34%. The concentration of sodium alginate and chitosan affects the physical properties (thickness, water resistance and degradation) as well as the mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break). Sodium alginate and chitosan bioplastics have a higher weight reduction percentage than commercial bioplastics with a weight reduction percentage of 14.58%.  
Optimization of Microplate Type Uv-vis  Spectrophotometer Performance as an Antioxidant Activity Testing Instrument Martin Sulistyani; F. Widhi Mahatmanti; Nuril Huda; Ridho Prasetyo
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v13i1.5014

Abstract

Eliminating a compound's capacity to impede and neutralize free radical-induced oxidation processes is the goal of antioxidant activity analysis. The DPPH (pikrilhidrazil-2,2-difenil-1) method was the approach taken in this investigation. Simple, sensitive, stable, quick, straightforward, and suitable for usage with tiny sample volumes are some of the benefits of DPPH procedures. In this investigation, some plant extracts were employed as a comparison, with ascorbic acid serving as the control. In order to evaluate a microplate-type uv-vis  Spectrophotometer effectiveness as an antioxidant activity test tool, the study will determine its maximum wave, linearity, accuracy, and IC50 values. Wavelength selectivity is found in 517 nm. The results validation of the DPPH method for analyzing the activity of antioxidants. Measurements of the ascorbic acid solution as a control obtained R2 values of 0.9781 compared to the LoD and LoQ limits of 0.961 and 3.053 respectively. The IC50 of ascorbic acid, ginger and turmeric, respectively, was 14.7218 (strong), 29.9194 (very strong), and 52.4943 (strong). 

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