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Ahmad Shafwan S. Pulungan
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Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Medan Jl. Willem Iskandar Psr V Medan Estate, Sumatera Utara
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JBIO: jurnal biosains (the journal of biosciences)
Published by Universitas Negeri Medan
ISSN : 24431230     EISSN : 24606804     DOI : https://doi.org/10.24114/jbio.v6i1
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology
Jurnal Biosains (JBIO) features works of exceptional significance, originality, and relevance in all areas of biological science, from molecules to ecosystems, (ie genetic, microbiology, ecology, biosystematic, biostatistic) including works at the interface of other disciplines, such as chemistry, medicine,physic and mathematics. We also welcome data-driven meta-research articles that evaluate and aim to improve the standards of research in the life sciences and beyond. Our audience is the international scientific community as well as educators, policy makers, patient advocacy groups, and interested members of the public around the world.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 279 Documents
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GROWTH RESPONSE OF GREEN BEANS (Phaseolus radiatus) TO WATERING INTERVALS Panggabean, Nurul Huda; Yudha Pratama, Rizky; Rahmadina, Rahmadina; Faisal Nasution, Ahmad; Situmorang, Nurbaity; Kairani, Anita
JURNAL BIOSAINS Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL BIOSAINS
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/cfzm0080

Abstract

Green beans (Phaseolus radiatus) are one of the commodity of legume plants that are generally grown on dry land, Green beans are included in plants that are tolerant of water shortages, the important thing is that the soil has enough moisture. The problem that is often faced in mung bean cultivation in dry land is the low production achieved by farmers, so it is necessary to conduct research on the resistance of mung beans (Phaseolus radiatus) to drought and the effect of watering frequency on productivity. The purpose was to determine the watering interval to the growth response of mung bean plants (Phaseolus radiatus). This study used an experimental design using a Group Random Design (RAK) consisting of 4 treatments with 3 replicas of each treatment. F0U1, F0U2, F0U3 : Control Treatment (No Watering), F1U1, F1U2, F1U3 : Watering frequency 1 (one) time a day. F2U1,F2U2, F2U3 : Watering frequency 2 (two) times a day. F3U1, F3U2, F3U3 : Watering frequency 3 (three) times a day. The parameters in calculating the growth response are the length of the plant, the number of leaves and the height of the plant. The best watering interval for plant length is watering once every 1 (one) day, where the highest plant length is 56.16 cm in the F1 treatment. The best watering interval for the number of leaves of the plant is watering (once) a day, where the average number of leaves is 13.11 leaves in the F1 treatment. The best watering interval for plant height is watering once every 1 (one) day, where the average height of the highest plant is 51.16 cm in the F1 treatment.
An Ethnozoology of Malay Tribe in Bagan Serdang Village, Pantai Labu District nasution, aswarina; Dyah Puspitasari2, Wina; Ratna Anjaning Kusuma, Dwi; Shafwan S. Pulungan, Ahmad
JURNAL BIOSAINS Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL BIOSAINS
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/4bqdk922

Abstract

Bagan Serdang Village is one of the villages in the Pantai Labu District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province. This coastal area boasts abundant natural resources, including seafood, tourism, agriculture, and fisheries. The aim of this research is to uncover, analyze and synthesize the believe (cosmos) and local knowledge (corpus) of the Malay community in Bagan Serdang Village in processing and utilizing (praxis) animal around the coast. This type of research is an exploratory survey with an emic and etic approach. The research sources are key informants selected through purposive sampling techniques. Data collection through interviews, observations, and species inventories. Data analysis was carried out by qualtative type (reduction, display and verification). The results of the study showed that there are 28 animal species were found to be used for various purposes, ranging from food sources, medicine, and rituals. Some of these animal are processed before use, but many are also unprocessed.
Effectiveness of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) as an Ethnomedicine Based Anticancer Agent through Teratogenic Risk Testing Syarifah Riska Mela Putri; Rahmi
JURNAL BIOSAINS Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL BIOSAINS
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ca2cfa79

Abstract

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) contains lectin compounds known for their potential anticancer properties. However, limited research has examined its possible teratogenic effects—adverse impacts that may cause fetal abnormalities. The urgency of this study lies in assessing the safety of okra extract as a natural anticancer candidate. This research aimed to evaluate the teratogenic effects of okra fruit extract using an in vivo model as a preliminary step toward developing safe ethnomedicine-based anticancer agents. The study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one control and three treatment groups. Female mice (Mus musculus L., DDW strain) received 2%, 4%, and 6% ethanol extracts of okra orally at a dose of 0.01 mL/g body weight daily from gestation days 0–10. The control group received no extract. Observations included maternal and fetal body weights, number of fetuses, liver morphology, and congenital malformations such as cleft palate and hydrocephalus. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (p < 0.05) followed by Bonferroni Post Hoc tests in SPSS version 23. The results showed that okra extract significantly affected maternal weight, fetal number, and fetal weight, as well as liver morphology and cleft palate incidence. These findings indicate that although okra exhibits anticancer potential, its teratogenic risks must be carefully evaluated.
Physical Characterization of Bioplastics Made from Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peel Waste Pectin and Pandan Leaf (Pandanus amaryllifolius) Cellulose Gabriella Marry Ayu; Nikmatul Khoiriah Harahap; Syarifah Riska Mela Putri
JURNAL BIOSAINS Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL BIOSAINS
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/nrt8fk52

Abstract

One effort to reduce environmental pollution is developing bioplastics from organic waste, such as pectin from sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis) and cellulose from fragrant pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius). Pectin, a polysaccharide from orange peel, and cellulose from pandan leaves can produce biodegradable plastics easily decomposed by soil microorganisms. This study addresses the growing issue of plastic waste accumulation by creating eco-friendly packaging alternatives. Utilizing orange peel and pandan leaves aligns with the circular economy concept by turning food waste into valuable materials. The research aims to reduce plastic pollution and process organic waste into bioplastics based on pectin and cellulose. An experimental laboratory design using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was applied with pectin concentrations of 1 g, 2 g, and 3 g, each repeated three times. The formulation also included 1 g of pandan cellulose, carrageenan (0.8 g) as a stabilizer, and glycerol (2%) as a plasticizer. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA in SPSS 24. Results showed that increasing pectin concentration enhanced bioplastic thickness, reduced water absorption, and accelerated degradation over four weeks, indicating improved biodegradable performance.
The Effect of Okra Powder Fortification on the Proximate Composition and Glycemic Index of Rice as a Low-Sugar Staple Food for Individuals with Diabetes Nindya Anggiani Sembiring; Doli Fadly Harahap; Syarifah Riska Mela Putri
JURNAL BIOSAINS Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL BIOSAINS
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/eaav2050

Abstract

The number of individuals with diabetes in Indonesia continues to rise, largely due to the habitual consumption of rice with a high glycemic index that triggers blood glucose spikes. Since rice is an essential part of the Indonesian diet, a practical solution is needed to lower its glycemic impact. This study aimed to analyze the effect of okra powder fortification on the proximate composition and glycemic index of rice as a low-sugar staple food for individuals with diabetes. The research was conducted experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 50 respondents. Treatments included two controls (fasting and rice without okra) and three fortification levels: 5 g, 10 g, and 15 g of okra powder per 100 g of rice. Proximate analysis covered moisture, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate content, while sensory evaluation used a hedonic test. Blood glucose levels were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after consumption, and data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results showed that rice fortified with 15 g of okra powder had higher viscosity, reduced glucose absorption, and a lower glycemic index. The product was well accepted in taste, though texture refinement is still needed.
The Effect of Date Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Consumption on Autonomic Nerve Function and Hot Flash Manifestations in Menopausal Women Winda Maulinasari Nasution; Siti Maryam Hasibuan; Lanny Apriani
JURNAL BIOSAINS Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL BIOSAINS
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/mymr1g24

Abstract

Menopause is a natural phase in a woman’s life marked by decreased estrogen levels and symptoms such as hot flashes, which are linked to autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Hot flashes cause sudden heat sensations, sweating, flushing, and palpitations that can disrupt daily life. Date fruit is rich in antioxidants and phytoestrogens, making it a potential non-hormonal alternative to alleviate menopausal symptoms. This study aimed to analyze the effect of date fruit consumption on autonomic nerve function and hot flash manifestations in menopausal women. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design was used, involving menopausal women aged 45–60 years experiencing hot flashes at Midwife Hj. Dewi Sesmera’s Clinic, Medan City, North Sumatra. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. The intervention group consumed 50 grams of date fruit daily for eight weeks. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Autonomic nerve function was measured using the COMPASS-31 (Composite Autonomic Symptom Score-31), and hot flash frequency and intensity were assessed with the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). Statistical analysis employed a paired t-test (p < 0.05) using SPSS version 24. Results showed that while improvement in autonomic nerve function was not statistically significant, the frequency and intensity of hot flashes significantly decreased in the intervention group.
Nutrient Evaluation of an Enteral formula Compounded from Soya Bean (Glycine max), Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana), and Red Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Elayeche Oko, Gregory; Akuirene, Joseph Odolomarun; Ofem Egom, Emmanuel
JURNAL BIOSAINS Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL BIOSAINS
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/hhzw8920

Abstract

The high cost and limited availability of commercial enteral formulas in resource-poor settings like Nigeria necessitate the development of nutritious, affordable, and locally-sourced alternatives. Soybean, finger millet, and red sorghum are underutilized and locally available crops with exceptional nutritional profiles suitable for compounding enteral feeds for clinical nutrition. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the nutrient composition of enteral feed powders compounded from blends of soybean, finger millet, and red sorghum. Mixed samples of soybean, finger millet, and red sorghum were purchased from the different markets in Cross River State. Nigeria and processed using various local methods (fermentation, roasting, and sprouting). The processed flours were combined in 30: 70 ratios to create distinct compounded formulations. The proximate composition (moisture, ash, crude protein, fat, dietary fibre, and carbohydrates) and mineral content (Mg, Fe, Ca, Zn, K, Mn, etc.) were determined using standard AOAC methods and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results showed that soybean-based formulations were significantly higher in protein (28.68–34.82%), fat (16.64–23.58%), and dietary fibre (19.01–23.13%), while cereal-based formulations recorded higher carbohydrates (65.74–74.06%). Sprouting significantly enhanced the mineral density of the cereals, particularly calcium in finger millet (406.69 mg/100g) and iron in red sorghum (6.16 mg/100g). The final blended formulations (F1–F6) showed balanced profiles, with protein content ranging from 14.66% to 16.01% and enhanced mineral levels, especially in formulations containing sprouted ingredients. Blending soybean, finger millet, and red sorghum can produce nutritionally rich, cost-effective, and locally sustainable enteral feed powders. These formulations showed a viable alternative to imported commercial products, potentially improving nutrition support in Nigerian hospitals. Future research should focus on bioavailability, sensory evaluation, and shelf-life stability.
GC–MS and HPLC Characterization of Amino and Fatty Acid Composition in Two Locally Produced Complementary Foods for Infants in Calabar, Nigeria Oko, Gregory Elayeche; Onyinye Okonkwo, Chibuzor; Nnamdi Okonkwo, Sunday
JURNAL BIOSAINS Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL BIOSAINS
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/4d1qqw35

Abstract

Complementary foods are important foods for ensuring optimal nutrition and growth in infants and young children. They are expected to fill the nutritional gaps that arise when breast milk alone no longer meets the child's dietary needs However, the nutritional adequacy of homemade complementary foods, which are commonly used in many developing countries, is often deficient in important nutrients. This study evaluated the amino acid and fatty acid compositions of two indigenously formulated complementary foods designed for infants in Calabar, Nigeria. The formulations were produced using locally available ingredients: Blend A (rice, egg yolk, apple, and banana) and Blend B (rice, Titus fish, avocado pear, and banana). Amino acid and fatty acid profiles were analyzed using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) respectively. Results revealed that Blend A contained higher total fatty acids, dominated by oleic acid (89,700 ppm), linolenic acid (82,500 ppm), and linoleic acid (46,800 ppm), while Blend B exhibited more diverse amino acid composition, with phenylalanine (39.72 mg/100 g) and tryptophan (12.13 mg/100 g) as major essential amino acids. Both blends contained physiologically important fatty acids such as linoleic, α-linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic (EPA), and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, crucial for infant development. The combined findings indicate that these locally formulated diets provide balanced macronutrient quality comparable to recommended dietary standards. The study establishes the potential of indigenous food resources as sustainable, cost-effective, and nutritionally adequate alternatives for complementary feeding and the prevention of childhood malnutrition in low-income settings.
Diversity and Morphological Characteristics of the Family Anacardiaceae in Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency Setiawan, Eka; Muliawati, Muliawati; Hasairin, Ashar
JURNAL BIOSAINS Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL BIOSAINS
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/vef4xr30

Abstract

The Anacardiaceae family holds significant ecological and economic value in tropical Asia, including Indonesia, as a source of fruits, timber, and valuable secondary metabolites. This study aimed to identify and describe the species diversity and morphological characteristics of Anacardiaceae in Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency. The research was conducted from December 2025 to February 2026 using a descriptive exploratory method involving field observation, specimen collection, and morphological analysis. Sampling followed the exploration method of Rugayah et al., while morphological observations were based on de Vogel and Rifai. Species identification was conducted using taxonomic literature from the Anacardiaceae series of Flora Malesiana and herbarium specimens. The results recorded five species of Anacardiaceae: Mangifera indica, Mangifera odorata, Mangifera foetida, Anacardium occidentale, and Spondias dulcis. Mangifera indica was the most dominant species, comprising seven cultivated cultivars. Species differentiation was based on vegetative and generative morphological traits, including leaf type, shape, apex, texture, inflorescence type, fruit, and seed characteristics. The findings indicate relatively high diversity of Anacardiaceae in the study area, particularly within the genus Mangifera, influenced by environmental variation and human cultivation practices.

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