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Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences
Published by Greenation Research
ISSN : 29863856     EISSN : 29863155     DOI : https://doi.org/10.38035/gijlss
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (GIJLSS) is a journal that uses a blind peer-review model that can be accessed online. GIJLSS aims to publish a journal containing quality articles that will be able to contribute thoughts from theoretical and empirical perspectives for the advancement of technology and education. The writings on GIJLSS will make a significant contribution to critical thinking in the scientific field in general, particularly in the fields of Law and Social Sciences.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 200 Documents
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The Convergence of Corporate Law and Blockchain Technology in Regulating Decentralized Autonomous Organizations as Future Business Entities in Indonesia Faisal Santiago
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (July - Au
Publisher : Greenation Research & Yayasan Global Resarch National

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v4i3.1216

Abstract

The development of blockchain technology has given rise to the Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO), a new business organizational model that operates through smart contracts in a decentralized manner, without a conventional management structure. The existence of DAOs has not been accommodated in the Indonesian corporate legal system, creating a legal vacuum regarding legal subject status, accountability, legal standing, taxation, and dispute resolution. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of DAOs from a corporate law perspective and the urgency of convergence between corporate law and blockchain technology in its regulation in Indonesia. The study employs a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The results indicate the need for regulations that recognize and regulate DAOs as digital business entities to achieve legal certainty, legal protection, and a sustainable digital investment climate.
The Contestation of Local Democracy in Indonesia: An Evaluation of Direct Regional Elections, Regional Elections Through the Regional People's Representative Council, and the Asymmetrical Election System Tri Raharjanto; Rustian Mushawirya; Try Syeftiani; Andi Pitono
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (July - Au
Publisher : Greenation Research & Yayasan Global Resarch National

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v4i3.1273

Abstract

Direct election of regional heads in Indonesia remains a prolonged policy contestation after more than two decades of implementation. High political costs, money politics, the phenomena of single candidates and political dynasties, violations of civil servant neutrality, and rising election disputes before the Constitutional Court have revived discourse on electing regional heads through regional legislative councils, along with the idea of asymmetric elections. This study comparatively analyzes these three models of regional head selection within a multidimensional framework combining theories of local democracy, the democratic rule of law, and asymmetric decentralization, and formulates recommendations for a model better suited to Indonesia's socio-political characteristics. The study employs normative legal research supported by secondary empirical data, using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, operationalizing five evaluative indicators: political legitimacy, public participation, accountability, budget efficiency, and constitutional compliance. Findings show that the three models present inversely related strengths and weaknesses across these dimensions, and that the Constitutional Court consistently provides constitutional space for variation in election models within the unitary state framework and a clear legal basis. The study recommends a measured asymmetric election model as a middle path, supported by objective eligibility criteria, strengthened electoral integrity in regions retaining direct elections, and strengthened public accountability in regions adopting non-direct mechanisms, without disregarding popular sovereignty.
Legal Updates on Futuristic Policing Systems Based on Digital Technology to Improve Police Professionalism and Law Enforcement Accountability in Indonesia M. Arsha; Novi Indah Earlyanti; Kif Aminanto
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (July - Au
Publisher : Greenation Research & Yayasan Global Resarch National

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v4i3.1286

Abstract

The development of the digital revolution and the era of society 5.0 has driven the transformation of the law enforcement system towards futuristic policing based on digital technology. This study examines the issues of professionalism and the regulatory weaknesses of futuristic policing within the Indonesian police system, while also formulating ideal legal reforms to strengthen police professionalism and accountability. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches through the analysis of legislation, legal doctrines, and futuristic policing concepts within the framework of a modern rule of law state. The results indicate that the implementation of futuristic policing in Indonesia still faces various problems, such as abuse of authority, low digital capacity of officers, weak internal oversight, legal vacuums related to the use of artificial intelligence, problems with the legality of digital evidence, weak protection of personal data, and potential human rights violations through digital surveillance. Furthermore, police regulations in Indonesia have not fully accommodated the development of digital technology, resulting in a legal gap and regulatory lag between technological developments and positive law. Therefore, legal reform is needed through the reconstruction of digital governance-based police regulations that regulate the use of artificial intelligence, digital surveillance, personal data protection, technological accountability, and strengthening police professionalism through increasing digital capacity and reforming the legal culture of the police institution. These legal reforms are expected to create a futuristic policing system that is professional, transparent, adaptable to technological developments, and upholds the principles of human rights and due process of law in a democratic state governed by the rule of law.
The Effectiveness of Marriage Registration in Ensuring Legal Certainty for Families: An Empirical Study in Kuripan Village, Bogor Regency, Indonesia Mas Agus Priyambodo; Wasehudin Wasehudin; Umdatul Hasanah; Itang Itang; Hadi Peristiwo
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (July - Au
Publisher : Greenation Research & Yayasan Global Resarch National

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v4i3.1298

Abstract

Marriage registration plays a pivotal role in establishing legal certainty and safeguarding the rights of family members. Despite its legal significance, the practice of unregistered marriage (nikah siri) continues to occur in Kuripan Village, Ciseeng District, Bogor Regency. This research seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of marriage registration, explore the determinants of community compliance, and assess the legal as well as social consequences arising from unregistered marriages. An empirical legal research design incorporating a socio-legal perspective was employed in this study. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, direct field observations, and documentary review involving officials from the Office of Religious Affairs (Kantor Urusan Agama), village administrators, religious figures, and local residents. The collected data were examined using qualitative analysis to understand the implementation of marriage registration and the factors shaping its effectiveness. The findings indicate a positive trend in marriage registration rates in Kuripan Village between 2022 and 2024, accompanied by a reduction in the incidence of unregistered marriages. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of marriage registration remains constrained by several factors, including economic limitations, inadequate legal awareness, administrative complexities, and prevailing socio-cultural influences. Unregistered marriages generate various adverse consequences, such as legal ambiguity, insufficient protection of women’s and children’s rights, obstacles in obtaining civil documentation, and limited access to public services. To address these challenges, efforts should focus on strengthening legal literacy programs, enhancing the accessibility and quality of public services, simplifying administrative requirements, and fostering cooperation among governmental agencies, religious leaders, and community stakeholders. The study concludes that the successful implementation of marriage registration is determined not only by the existence of legal provisions but also by the level of public legal consciousness and the effectiveness of service delivery mechanisms.
Beyond "No Viral, No Justice": Rebuilding Institutional Legitimacy in Indonesia's Digital Society Public Trust, the Rule of Law, and Access to Justice in the Age of Digital Public Pressure Anas Lutfi; Aris Mahmud
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (July - Au
Publisher : Greenation Research & Yayasan Global Resarch National

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v4i3.1348

Abstract

This research examines the significance of standard language in agreements and its impact using a qualitative descriptive method. The qualitative descriptive method was selected to provide a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the complexities between language and the law. This study analyzes agreements to identify the use of standard language and its effect on legal interpretation. The study demonstrates the importance of standard language in agreements, as language influences legal consequences through word choice and sentence structure. These conclusions contribute to an understanding of how standard language affects the law. The use of the Indonesian language in agreements within Indonesia must pay heed to clarity, consistency, and the accuracy of legal terms. The use of non-standard language in agreements can result in several serious legal consequences. The implication is that this study may assist legal practitioners in drafting agreements. This research is significant to the literature on language and law, emphasizing the importance of standard language in agreements.
The Importance of Standard Language for Legal Certainty in the Protection of Parties within Agreements Arina Novizas Shebubakar; Anis Rifai; Chandra Yusuf; Siti Farhani
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (July - Au
Publisher : Greenation Research & Yayasan Global Resarch National

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v4i3.1350

Abstract

This research examines the significance of standard language in agreements and its impact using a qualitative descriptive method. The qualitative descriptive method was selected to provide a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the complexities between language and the law. This study analyzes agreements to identify the use of standard language and its effect on legal interpretation. The study demonstrates the importance of standard language in agreements, as language influences legal consequences through word choice and sentence structure. These conclusions contribute to an understanding of how standard language affects the law. The use of the Indonesian language in agreements within Indonesia must pay heed to clarity, consistency, and the accuracy of legal terms. The use of non-standard language in agreements can result in several serious legal consequences. The implication is that this study may assist legal practitioners in drafting agreements. This research is significant to the literature on language and law, emphasizing the importance of standard language in agreements.
Smart Contracts and Notarial Authentication: Redefining Legal Certainty in Indonesia's Digital Civil Law System Mursyidin AR; Farah Syah Rezah; Yohanes Payong; Muhammad Bagus Adi Wicaksono; Andrew Shandy Utama
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (September
Publisher : Greenation Research & Yayasan Global Resarch National

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v4i4.1071

Abstract

The expansion of digital transactions and the increasing use of blockchain-based technology pose challenges to the ability of Indonesia's civil law system to provide stable and predictable legal certainty. This article examines the compatibility of smart contracts and digital notary authentication with the principle of legal certainty, particularly within the normative structure of the Civil Code, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE), and the Notary Law (UUJN). The study uses a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches to assess regulatory coherence, test the adequacy of the doctrine of contract formation, and analyze the repositioning of notary functions when projected into a digital system. Data were obtained through a literature review of national regulations, international standards on digital identity and electronic signatures, blockchain-related academic literature, and the practices of civil law countries such as France and Estonia. The analysis was conducted through systematic interpretation and doctrinal mapping to identify normative gaps, conceptual conflicts, and regulatory inconsistencies. The study results indicate that the Indonesian legal framework is unable to provide adequate mechanisms for defining intent in code-based agreements, determining responsibility for algorithmic actions, or establishing standards of proof for immutable ledger data. On the other hand, the formal structure of authentic deeds in the UUJN limits the possibility of recognizing digital deeds without explicit legislative reform. The novelty of this research lies in the formulation of an integrated legal model that aligns smart contract execution, digital authentication, and notary authority within a single framework of legal certainty, and demonstrates that predictability can only be achieved through the codification of technical standards, digital verification procedures, and oversight mechanisms appropriate to the characteristics of distributed ledger technology.
Disparity in Applying the Business Judgment Rule: Analysis of Supreme Court Decision No. 121 K/Pid.Sus/2020 Citra Ayu Deswina Maharani; Marsha Odelia; Dina Ramadhani; Muhammad Nurcholis Alhadi
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (September
Publisher : Greenation Research & Yayasan Global Resarch National

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v4i4.1132

Abstract

The Supreme Court Decision Number 121 K/Pid.Sus/2020 which released Karen Agustiawan from all legal charges (ontslag van alle rechtsvervolging) despite causing state losses of Rp568,066,000,000.00 is based on the application of the business judgment rule (BJR), because the defendant's actions were deemed to be in the interests of the company and did not contain elements of fraud, conflict of interest, unlawful acts, or intent. This decision differs from the first-level and appeal decisions which stated that the criminal elements in the subsidiary charges had been fulfilled due to negligence and deviations in the directors' decision-making, thus indicating a disparity in the application of BJR as regulated in Article 97 paragraph (5) of the Limited Liability Company Law. This research uses a normative legal research method by examining Decision Number 121 K/Pid.Sus/2020 through a case approach and a comparative approach. A comparative approach was conducted by comparing two cassation decisions related to similar criminal cases, namely a decision that applies BJR and a decision that does not apply BJR, and comparing the application of BJR in Indonesia and Australia. The results of the study indicate inconsistencies in the application of BJR in Indonesia due to different interpretations of Article 97 Paragraph 5, which leads to disparities in the considerations and court decisions regarding the responsibilities of directors.
Criminal Liability for Technology-Based Digital Investment Fraud in Indonesia: Challenges of Evidence, Mens Rea, and Corporate Accountability Pujianto Gondosasmito
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (September
Publisher : Greenation Research & Yayasan Global Resarch National

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v4i4.912

Abstract

The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed investment activities through technology-based platforms, providing easier public access while creating opportunities for digital investment crimes. These crimes commonly involve fraudulent investment schemes, fictitious digital platforms, and technological manipulation aimed at deceiving victims. This study examines digital investment crime from the perspective of criminal law, focusing on the development of digital investment practices, technology-based fraud schemes, and criminal liability for both individual and corporate offenders. The research applies a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, supported by primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The findings reveal that digital investment crimes are complex, transnational, and difficult to detect because perpetrators exploit technological sophistication to conceal identities and activities, thereby complicating evidentiary processes. As a novelty, this article proposes an integrated criminal liability framework that combines the Indonesian Criminal Code, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, the Anti-Money Laundering Law, OJK regulations, and the principle of mens rea to assess criminal responsibility in digital investment fraud. The study concludes that combating digital investment crime requires adaptive legal frameworks, stronger law enforcement, and enhanced public literacy.
The Dilemma of Female Street Vendors in Indonesia: Can Local Regulations Empower Women in the Informal Sector? Budi Sulistyo; Budi Hermana; Mohammad Abdul Mukhyi
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (September
Publisher : Greenation Research & Yayasan Global Resarch National

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v4i4.1304

Abstract

Female street vendors play an important role in sustaining household livelihoods in the informal sector, but their economic activities remain closely connected to regulatory, social, and gender-related vulnerabilities. This study aims to analyze the dilemmas faced by female street vendors in Indonesia and examine how local regulations can contribute to their empowerment. The study employed a qualitative approach supported by descriptive analysis and comparative policy analysis. Primary data were obtained through interviews with 200 female street vendors in Bogor Regency, West Java, and were analyzed thematically by identifying recurring issues and organizing them into broader themes. The respondents were characterized by age, marital status, and duration of trading activity, while the regulatory analysis examined national and local provisions concerning trading locations, business legalization, data collection, guidance, empowerment, and enforcement. The findings identify five major issues: legal uncertainty and regulatory vulnerability, limited access to economic resources, social stigma and gender norms, health and safety risks, and the double burden of domestic and economic responsibilities. Survey evidence indicates that respondents did not generally perceive registration, licensing, information provision, or harsh treatment by officials as widespread problems. Nevertheless, gaps remain between formal regulatory provisions and the livelihood realities of female street vendors. The study concludes that local regulations have greater potential to empower women when they combine spatial management with legal certainty, livelihood security, access to resources, and gender-responsive social support.

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