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Jurnal Farmasi Teknologi Sediaan dan Kosmetika (JFTSK)
Published by CV Jurnal Literasi Mandiri
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30632226     DOI : https://doi.org/10.70075/jftsk.v2i1.145
Core Subject : Health, Engineering,
Health Professions Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology
Jurnal Farmasi Teknologi Sediaan dan Kosmetika (JFTSK) merupakan jurnal yang di rilis oleh Jurnal Literasi Mandiri (JLM). Jurnal ini menerima publikasi dari Dosen, Peneliti, Guru, Mahasiswa, Siswa dan Semua Kalangan yang ruang lingkup penelitiannya berfokus pada Teknologi Sediaan farmasi dan Kosmetika. Adapun penjabaran fokus Jurnal Farmasi Teknologi Sediaan dan Kosmetika yaitu 1. Pengembangan Teknologi Sediaan Farmasi 2. Pengembangan Sediaan Kosmetika 3. Pengembangan Teknologi Penghantaran obat Dengan adanya Jurnal ini diharapkan dapat membantu dalam penelusuran penelitian dan memperkaya literasi terkait Teknologi Sediaan dan Kosmetika.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 41 Documents
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Effect of Centrifugation on Nanoemulsion Stability with Tween, PEG, Poloxamer 188, and Transcutol-p Fauziah Rahmola; Mohamad Adam Mustapa; Mohamad Aprianto Paneo; Endah Nurrohwinta Djuwarno; Muhammad Taupik
Jurnal Farmasi Teknologi Sediaan dan Kosmetika Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Volume 3 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Jurnal Literasi Mandiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70075/jftsk.v3i1.271

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of centrifugation speed on the physical stability of a nanoemulsion base formulated with grapeseed oil (long-chain triglyceride, LCT) and stabilized using Tween 80–PEG 400, Poloxamer 188, and Transcutol-P, as a preliminary platform for topical and oral pharmaceutical applications. A descriptive–experimental design was employed. Nanoemulsion bases were prepared by the aqueous titration method followed by 60-minute sonication. Four formulations (F1–F4) contained 5% grapeseed oil and 2% Poloxamer 188, while Tween 80/PEG 400 levels and Transcutol-P (0.5–2%) were varied. Accelerated physical stability was assessed by centrifugation at 2000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 rpm for 30 minutes, followed by organoleptic observation, emulsion type determination, pH measurement, and viscosity testing. All formulations remained visually stable at 2000 rpm. At 4000 rpm, F1–F2 showed increased turbidity with a thin top layer (incipient creaming), whereas F3–F4 remained stable without phase separation. At 6000 rpm, F1–F2 became more turbid with the onset of a surface oil layer, while F3–F4 maintained stability. At 8000 rpm, F1–F2 exhibited complete phase separation; F3 showed a slight oil layer; and F4 was the most stable, showing only minimal turbidity without total phase breaking. All formulations were classified as oil-in-water (O/W). The pH ranged from 6.0 to 7.0 (mean 6.45 ± 0.42) and viscosity from 176 to 220 cP (mean 196.25 ± 18.89). In conclusion, increasing centrifugation speed effectively differentiated formulation robustness, with F4 demonstrating the highest resistance to mechanical stress up to 8000 rpm.
The Effect of Centrifugation Test on the Physical Stability of Nanoemulsion Containing a Combination of Poloxamer 407, Tween 80, PEG 400, and DMSO Rani Orelia A. Unga; Teti Sutriyati Tuloli; Mohamad Aprianto Paneo; La Ode Aman; Mohamad Adam Mustapa
Jurnal Farmasi Teknologi Sediaan dan Kosmetika Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Volume 3 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Jurnal Literasi Mandiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70075/jftsk.v3i1.272

Abstract

The development of nanoemulsion-based drug delivery systems has gained significant attention due to their ability to enhance drug solubility, stability, and therapeutic effectiveness. Optimizing the combination of surfactants, co-surfactants, and penetration enhancers is essential to produce a kinetically stable nanoemulsion system. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical stability of nanoemulsions prepared using Tween 80, PEG 400, Poloxamer 407, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and to determine the optimal formulation based on physicochemical characteristics and accelerated stability testing. Four nanoemulsion formulations (F1–F4) were prepared with varying concentrations of surfactant and co-surfactant. The formulations were evaluated for organoleptic properties, emulsion type, pH, viscosity, and physical stability using a centrifugation test at speeds up to 8000 rpm to detect phase separation, flocculation, or coalescence. The results showed that all formulations were classified as oil-in-water (o/w) nanoemulsions. No phase separation was observed after centrifugation, indicating good physical stability. However, F1 and F2 appeared turbid, whereas F3 and F4 demonstrated better clarity and overall stability. The pH values ranged from 6.6 to 7.4, which are acceptable for topical application, and viscosity values ranged from 405 to 427 cPs, indicating suitable rheological properties for topical use. In conclusion, the combination of Tween 80, PEG 400, Poloxamer 407, and DMSO successfully produced a kinetically stable nanoemulsion system. Among the tested formulations, F3 and F4 exhibited the most optimal characteristics and show strong potential for further development in pharmaceutical nanoemulsion formulations.
Characterization of Tannic Acid Chemically Crosslinked PVA Chitosan Hydrogel Nana Nurindah Upara; Muhammad Taupik; Multiani S Latif; Nur Rasdianah; A. Mut’hi Andy Suryadi
Jurnal Farmasi Teknologi Sediaan dan Kosmetika Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Volume 3 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Jurnal Literasi Mandiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70075/jftsk.v3i1.287

Abstract

Hydrogel is a hydrophilic material that can absorb and retain large amounts of water through the formation of hydrogen bonds between polymer functional groups to form a stable three-dimensional network. The physicochemical characteristics of hydrogels are greatly influenced by the cross-linking process that determines the network density and stability of the preparation. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of tannic acid as a chemical crosslinker on the physicochemical characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan-based hydrogels. Hydrogels were formulated with varying concentrations of tannic acid of 1%, 3%, and 5%, then evaluated including organoleptic tests, pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesion, swelling index, irritation test, and characterization using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The results showed that increasing the concentration of tannic acid caused the formation of a denser hydrogel network, which was characterized by a decrease in the swelling index value and an increase in adhesion and changes in viscosity. The pH values ​​of all formulas were within the physiological pH range of the skin. Irritation tests on 20 panelists showed that all formulas did not cause irritation reactions. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of molecular interactions between PVA, chitosan, and tannic acid through hydrogen bond formation. Overall, variations in the concentration of tannic acid as a chemical crosslinker affected the physicochemical characteristics of the PVA–chitosan hydrogel and resulted in stable preparations with good quality
Formulation and Antioxidant Activity Test of Emulgel Extract of Guava (Psidium Guajava Linn.) Using DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1- Picrylhydrazyl) Methods Nurain Thomas; Mohamad Aprianto Paneo; Teti Sutriyati Tuloli; Angreni Ayuhastuti; Lutfia Nurfadila Arifin
Jurnal Farmasi Teknologi Sediaan dan Kosmetika Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Volume 3 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Jurnal Literasi Mandiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70075/jftsk.v3i1.291

Abstract

Plants that have the potential to contain antioxidants are guava leaves (Psidium guajava Linn.) which contain one of the compounds, flavonoids, which have antioxidant activity that can reduce free radicals. Emulgel has advantages such as thixotropic, easy to spread, easy to clean, does not leave stains, durable and can be a delivery system for hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances. This study aims to formulate guava leaf extract emulgel and determine antioxidant activity using DPPH method. This research began with guava leaf extraction and base optimization with varying concentrations of stearic acid as an emulsifier consisting of F1 8%, F2 10% and F3 12%. The base that meets the requirements of good physical stability is F2. F2 base was made into emulgel preparations with 3 variations of guava leaf extract concentration, namely F2a 1%, F2b 2% and F2b 3%. The three formulas were tested for physical stability including organoleptic test, emulsion type, pH test, spreadability, adhesiveness, viscosity test, and freeze thaw test as well as antioxidant activity test with DPPH method. The results of the physical stability test showed that the preparations F2a, F2b and F2c met the requirements. The IC50 value in each formulation has a different antioxidant activity value. F2a formulation is 123.59 ppm and F2b is 107.08 ppm which is classified as moderate antioxidant activity, while F2c is 61.74 ppm which is classified as strong antioxidant activity. Guava leaf extract emulgel formula, especially the second formula (F2c), has great potential to be considered by the pharmaceutical industry to be developed into antioxidant products because the results of the evaluation that have been carried out meet the requirements in terms of physical evaluation and potential antioxidant strong.
Evaluation of Physical Stability of Carbopol Gel Containing Curcumin under Temperature Variations Najwa Athifah Tsamarah Umar; Mohamad Aprianto Paneo; Nurain Thomas; Fika Nuzul Ramadhani; Lisa Efriani Puluhulawa
Jurnal Farmasi Teknologi Sediaan dan Kosmetika Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Volume 3 Nomor 2 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Jurnal Literasi Mandiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70075/jftsk.v3i2.307

Abstract

Inflammation is a biological response to tissue damage characterized by swelling, redness, pain, and increased local temperature. Curcumin is known to possess anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). This study aimed to develop a Carbopol-based curcumin gel formulation and evaluate its physical characteristics and stability under various temperature conditions. This research employed a laboratory experimental method including gel base optimization, formulation of curcumin gel with concentration variations (1%, 2%, and 3%), physical evaluation, and stability testing using a temperature stress test at low and high temperatures. The results showed that Carbopol 0.5% was the optimal gel base. All formulations met the required physical characteristics, including homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesiveness. Stability testing indicated that the formulations were organoleptically stable and relatively stable chemically, although viscosity decreased at higher temperatures. Therefore, Carbopol-based curcumin gel has potential as a stable and effective topical preparation.
Formulation and Physical Evaluation of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Essential Oil Aromatherapy Candles Tri Sucianita T. Tama; Nurain Thomas; Ariani H. Hutuba; Mohamad Adam Mustapa
Jurnal Farmasi Teknologi Sediaan dan Kosmetika Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Volume 3 Nomor 2 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Jurnal Literasi Mandiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70075/jftsk.v3i2.147

Abstract

Lavender flowers are widely used in aromatherapy because their principal constituents, linalyl acetate and linalool, are associated with relaxing effects. Aromatherapy preparations contain volatile aromatic substances intended to promote calmness and relaxation. This study aimed to formulate and physically evaluate aromatherapy candles containing lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil. An experimental laboratory design was employed, with lavender essential oil as the active ingredient and variations in beeswax and stearic acid concentrations. Formula I contained 50% soy wax, 50% beeswax, and 25% stearic acid, whereas Formula II contained 50% soy wax, 60% beeswax, and 30% stearic acid. The formulations were evaluated for organoleptic characteristics, burning performance, melting point, and hedonic acceptance. Both formulations met the specified physical-evaluation criteria, demonstrating that lavender essential oil can be successfully incorporated into aromatherapy candle formulations
Effect of Centrifugation on the Stability of Nanoemulsion Base Containing Tween 80, PEG 400, Poloxamer 188, and DMSO Karmila Lihawa; Mohamad Adam Mustapa; Mohamad Aprianto Paneo; Widy Susanti Abdulkadir; Muhammad Taupik
Jurnal Farmasi Teknologi Sediaan dan Kosmetika Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Volume 3 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Jurnal Literasi Mandiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70075/jftsk.v3i1.277

Abstract

Nanoemulsions are biphasic dispersion systems (oil and water) with nanometer-scale droplet sizes that exhibit better physical stability than conventional emulsions and are widely utilized in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. The kinetic stability of nanoemulsions is strongly influenced by the composition of surfactants, co-surfactants, and other supporting components. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of centrifugation on the physical stability of an olive oil–based nanoemulsion with varying concentrations of Tween 80 and PEG 400, supported by Poloxamer 188 and DMSO. This laboratory-based experimental study employed the aqueous titration method for nanoemulsion preparation, followed by ultrasonication for 60 minutes. Accelerated stability testing was conducted through centrifugation at speeds of 2,000, 4,000, 6,000, and 8,000 rpm for 30 minutes. Physical evaluations included organoleptic testing, pH measurement, viscosity determination, and emulsion type identification using the methylene blue dye method. The results showed that all formulations remained stable at 2,000–4,000 rpm. At 6,000 rpm, formulations F1 and F2 began to exhibit partial creaming, and at 8,000 rpm significant phase separation was observed in F1 and F2, whereas F3 and F4 remained clear and homogeneous. The pH values of all formulations ranged from 6.8 to 7.3 (7.03 ± 0.22), indicating good chemical stability. Viscosity values ranged from 103 to 132 cPs (111.5 ± 13.77), which fall within the acceptable range for nanoemulsion systems. The emulsion type test showed a homogeneous blue color distribution, confirming that all formulations were oil-in-water (O/W) systems. In conclusion, the ratio of Tween 80 to PEG 400 plays a crucial role in enhancing the kinetic stability of olive oil–based nanoemulsions. Formulations F3 and F4 demonstrated the most optimal physical stability and have strong potential for further development in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.
Evaluation of the Physical Stability of a Grape Seed Oil Nanoemulsion Base Using a Centrifugation Test Siti Ruqaiyah Lakoro; Teti Sutriyati Tuloli; Mohamad Aprianto Paneo; Robert Tungadi; Ariani H Hutuba
Jurnal Farmasi Teknologi Sediaan dan Kosmetika Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Volume 3 Nomor 2 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Jurnal Literasi Mandiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70075/jftsk.v3i2.302

Abstract

Nanoemulsions are nanometer-scale dispersion systems used as bases for pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations because they can improve the solubilization and physical stability of lipophilic ingredients. This study evaluated the physical stability of a grape seed oil nanoemulsion base containing Tween 80, PEG 400, Poloxamer 407, and Transcutol HP using an accelerated centrifugation test. Four formulations with different surfactant and co-surfactant concentrations were prepared and centrifuged at 2,000, 4,000, 6,000, and 8,000 rpm. Homogeneity, clarity, turbidity, and phase separation were assessed visually after each treatment. All formulations remained homogeneous without visible phase separation at 2,000 and 4,000 rpm. At 6,000 rpm, several formulations showed increased turbidity but no phase separation. At 8,000 rpm, the formulations remained homogeneous and showed no visible phase separation. The stability of the system may be associated with Tween 80 reducing interfacial tension, PEG 400 and Transcutol HP supporting solubilization of the oil phase, and Poloxamer 407 providing steric stabilization. These results demonstrate satisfactory physical stability under the applied centrifugation conditions and support further evaluation through droplet-size analysis, polydispersity index, zeta potential, rheology, and long-term storage studies.
Physical Evaluation and Stability of HPMC-Based Bromelain Enzyme Gel Preparation Fira Irianti Umar; Mohamad Aprianto Paneo; Muhammad Taupik; Isha Isa; Ariani H Hutuba
Jurnal Farmasi Teknologi Sediaan dan Kosmetika Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Volume 3 Nomor 2 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Jurnal Literasi Mandiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70075/jftsk.v3i2.315

Abstract

Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme derived from pineapple (Ananas comosus) and has potential as an active ingredient in topical preparations. The development of bromelain in gel form requires a suitable base to produce a preparation with good physical characteristics and stability. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was selected as the gel base because it can form a stable, homogeneous gel suitable for topical use. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical characteristics and stability of an HPMC-based bromelain enzyme gel preparation. The study was conducted experimentally by optimizing HPMC gel bases at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3%. The selected base was used to prepare bromelain enzyme gel with bromelain concentrations of 2% (F1), 4% (F2), and 8% (F3). The evaluation included organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesiveness, qualitative identification of bromelain, and stability using the temperature stress test method. The optimization results showed that 2% HPMC was the most suitable base, as it produced a homogeneous gel with pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesiveness values that met the requirements. The Biuret test was positive in pure bromelain and all gel formulas, indicating that bromelain protein remained detectable after formulation. Physical evaluation showed that all formulas were homogeneous, had a characteristic bromelain odor, and met the requirements for pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesiveness. The stability test showed no noticeable organoleptic changes in all formulas. However, pH and viscosity decreased as temperature increased, with the greatest viscosity reduction observed in F3. Based on the results, the HPMC-based bromelain enzyme gel preparation showed good physical characteristics, with 2% HPMC as the most suitable gel base. However, storage temperature should be considered to maintain the physical stability of the preparation.
Optimization of a Niosomal Transdermal Delivery System Containing Kojic Acid and Alpha Arbutin Nurfitrah Daud; Mahdalena Sy Pakaya; Faradila Ratu Cindana Mo’o; Faramita Hiola; La Ode Aman
Jurnal Farmasi Teknologi Sediaan dan Kosmetika Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Volume 3 Nomor 2 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Jurnal Literasi Mandiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70075/jftsk.v3i2.569

Abstract

Hyperpigmentation is a skin disorder characterized by excessive melanin production. Kojic acid and alpha-arbutin are skin-lightening agents that inhibit tyrosinase activity; however, their effectiveness is limited by poor skin penetration. This study aimed to formulate and characterize a niosomal transdermal delivery system containing a combination of kojic acid and alpha-arbutin at different Span 80 concentrations. Niosomes were prepared using the ethanol injection method in three formulations: F1 (0.37% Span 80), F2 (0.40% Span 80), and F3 (0.42% Span 80). The formulations were evaluated for organoleptic properties, viscosity, pH, stability, irritation potential, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. All formulations exhibited acceptable physical characteristics, remained stable, and caused no irritation. The particle sizes of F1, F2, and F3 were 185.1 nm, 372.9 nm, and 322.6 nm, respectively, with corresponding PDI values of 0.273, 0.295, and 0.118. The zeta potential values were -18.5 mV, -23.0 mV, and -18.4 mV for F1, F2, and F3, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that variation in Span 80 concentration had no significant effect on viscosity or pH (p > 0.05). The combination of kojic acid and alpha-arbutin was successfully incorporated into a niosomal system with favorable physicochemical characteristics, and Formula III was identified as the optimal formulation.

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