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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal Health Science and Medicine
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30638186     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21070/ijhsm
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Veterinary
Focus: The Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine (IJHSM) focus to advance the field of health science and medicine by publishing high-quality, peer-reviewed research articles, reviews, and case studies. Our journal serves as a platform for researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals to share innovative findings, critical insights, and emerging trends in the broad domain of health science and medicine. Scope: Clinical Research and Practice Studies on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. Clinical trials and evidence-based practices. Advances in medical technology and therapeutics. Public Health Epidemiology and health statistics. Health policy and management. Community health initiatives and health education. Biomedical Science Research on cellular and molecular biology. Genetics and genomics. Pharmacology and toxicology. Health Care Systems and Services Health care delivery and management. Quality improvement in health care services. Health economics and health informatics. Global Health Health issues affecting populations worldwide. International health regulations and practices. Global health governance and diplomacy. Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Lifestyle and behavioral interventions. Preventive medicine and early detection. Nutritional science and physical activity. Mental Health Research on mental health disorders and treatments. Psychological well-being and mental health promotion. Integration of mental health services in primary care. Innovations in Health Education and Training Medical and health science education methodologies. Training programs for health professionals. Continuing education and professional development.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 251 Documents
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Predictive Roles of Some Electrolytes and Biochemical Markers in The Pathophysiology of Renal Failure Diseases; Case-Control Study: Prediksi Peran Beberapa Elektrolit dan Penanda Biokimia dalam Patofisiologi Penyakit Gagal Ginjal; Studi Kasus-Kontrol Hussein, Mohammed Ali; Hussein, Arwa Alaa; Razzaq, Alaa Siham Abdul; Sobeih, Enas Saad
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 1 No. 3 (2024): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.59

Abstract

Objective; detection of the predictive role of some electrolytes and biochemical indicators in the pathophysiology of renal failure diseases. Methods; The present investigation was done in Diyala province within time (July-November 2024). We have 120 blood samples from hemodialysis patients that sleeping in the Ibn-Sina Center for Kidney Dialysis / Ba’aqubah Teaching Hospital. In addition, we collected 80 blood samples from people without diseases (healthy) and depended on them as a control group. Serum levels of all biochemical indicators in all samples of participants were quantified by Cobas e411 machine. SPSS v. 22.0 with Prism v.10 programs were based for the analysis our data. Results; Present outcomes showed that most renal failure patients were males (51.7%) within age groups 41-60 years (48.3%) and living in rural areas (51.7%). Additionally, most patients were no smokers (90.0%) with underweight BMI (33.33%) . Levels of RBS, creatinine, sodium, potassium and urea were highest in patients compared to controls, while the levels of calcium and iron were lowest in patients versus controls with significant difference (p<0.05). ROC curve results showed the urea scored highest sensitivity and specificity (100% and 94%) at cut off (40.50), followed by creatinine (100% and 89%) and albumin (88% and 86%) at cut off values (1.50 and 3.90) respectively, with significant differences (p<0.05), in diagnosis renal failure patients. pearson correlation coefficient showed there is negative significant correlation between RBS and creatinine ( r=-0.189* and p= 0.039), albumin and RBS ( r=-0.310* and p= 0.001), and a positive significant correlation between albumin and sodium (r=-0.227* and p= 0.013) and iron with sodium (r=-0.182* and p= 0.046). Conclusions; We concluded that renal failure disease has more effect on patients >40 years with underweight BMI. No effect of gender, living and smoking on disease. The increase and decreased levels of all indicators are related to kidney damage and loss of homeostasis. Urea, creatinine and albumin indicators are more preferred in screening disease due to have these indicators high sensitivity and specificity than another indicators Highlights: Assessed electrolytes' role in renal failure diagnosis using biochemical indicators. Analyzed 120 hemodialysis patients vs. 80 healthy controls using Cobas e411. Urea, creatinine, albumin showed highest sensitivity/specificity; significant correlations found. Keywords: Renal failure, kidney diseases, renal diseases, electrolytes, biochemical indicators
Spectroscopic, Anticancer and Theoretical Study of New Ligand Derived From (3-hydrazineylidenebutan-2-one oxime) and its Complex with Some Metal Ions: Spektroskopi, Antikanker dan Kajian Teoritis Ligan Baru yang Berasal dari (3-hidrazinilidenebutan-2-satu oksim) dan Kompleksnya dengan Beberapa Ion Logam Abbas, Israa Ali; Neamah, Fayez Owaid Neamah2
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 1 No. 3 (2024): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.60

Abstract

The new Schiff base ligand derivate from 3-hydrazineylidenebutan-2-one oxime and its metal complexes were synthesized and characterized by analytical technique and spectroscopy method such as HNMR, FTIR and mass spectroscopy. The optimized geometric structures and HOMO-LUMO orbitals were computed by using DFT (density functional theory) at B3LYP/6-31G+(d,p) level. When the ligand's cytotoxic activity was tested against human breast cancer (MCF-7) and normal cells (WRL68), it was found to be more cytotoxic against MCF-7 but reasonably safe against normal cells. Highlights: ynthesis: Schiff base ligand and metal complexes characterized via spectroscopy techniques. Computational: DFT calculated optimized structures, HOMO-LUMO orbitals at B3LYP/6-31G+ level. Cytotoxicity: Ligand showed higher toxicity against MCF-7 cells, safe for normal cells. Keywords: anticancer, complex, ligand, oxime, Schiff base
The Relationship between female Breast Cancer and Renal Failure (Article Type: Review): Hubungan antara Kanker Payudara Wanita dan Gagal Ginjal (Jenis Artikel: Ulasan) Jaber, Muntadher Mohammed; Abbas, Adyan Nafea; Anah, Ahmed Hassan Salih Al-Bo; Hanoon, Samer Kareem; Alrabea, Falah Herez Madhloom
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 1 No. 3 (2024): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.61

Abstract

Following up on existing statistics and evaluating published research, we discovered that a quarter of women worldwide suffer from cancer, specifically breast cancer, which has a high fatality rate.Renal insufficiency and breast cancer etiology seem to be related in a reciprocal way. When choosing a course of treatment, this association should be taken into account. This study investigates the correlation between these two traits in patients diagnosed with breast cancer. This research paper will look into the relationship between this malignancy and kidney failure in order to determine the best treatment method. As a result, all medical and laboratory methodologies and standards must be used to determine the relationship and direct link between the two disorders. This does not indicate that there is no kidney failure owing to the lack of cancer, but due to cancer, an increase in blood calcium can occur, or due to tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), which causes renal failure in a patient who has kidney functions performing without any pathological defects. The patient's basal glomerular filtration rate should be considered by medical professionals when deciding on the optimal course of treatment for each breast cancer patient. Neglect and lack of regular monitoring of body functions, especially kidney function, through tests and monitoring of the glomerular filtration rate can increase the risk of kidney failure. When comparing cancer patients, meaning breast cancer, who suffer from kidney failure with those whose glomerular filtration rate is within the normal range, we find that the first group has high mortality rates. Therefore, these mortality rates must be reduced through scientific study and investigation to reach somewhat acceptable results. Both breast cancer and renal failure seem to share a common pathogenesis. This association should be taken into consideration while selecting a treatment approach. Physicians should consider the baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of patients with breast cancer when deciding on the optimal course of therapy. Highlights: Investigate breast cancer and kidney failure correlation impacting treatment approaches. High blood calcium or TLS may induce renal failure in patients. Monitor glomerular filtration rate to reduce mortality in affected patients. Keywords: breast cancer, renal failure, tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
Knowledge of Nurses in The Respiratory Care Unit towards Transmissible Pathogenic Bacteria in Patients on Ventilators Continous Positive Airway Pressure: Pengetahuan Perawat di Unit Perawatan Pernafasan terhadap Bakteri Patogen yang Dapat Menular pada Pasien yang Menggunakan Ventilator Continous Positive Airway Pressure Abdullah, Sajida Khamees; Hamzah, Mustafa Abdulkareem; Neamah, Ban Sabah; Jumaa, Zainalabideen Yasser 
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 1 No. 3 (2024): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.62

Abstract

Background: A case of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) occurs when a patient's infection with a lung infection was either not detected upon hospital admission or occurred within 48 hours of intubation and mechanical breathing. Mechanical Ventilation (MV) is a life-saving method by supporting the patient who is unable to oxygenate by their own. It is referring to deliver a volume of gas into a patient's lungs over long period of time to wash CO2. Control measures of Infection for MV patients should be done to prevent infection and complications. So that, A major responsibility that the nurse must focus on. Nurses play critical role in VAP prophylactic measures, so their knowledge in this subject is importance. Objectives: to identify level of knowledge of health care workers in the respiratory care unit (RCU) towards transmissible pathogenic bacteria in patients on ventilators (CPAP) in Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, Iraq. Methods: A descriptive design study was conducted at Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital. Face-to-face questionnaire was used. The questionnaire consists of the following parts: demographic information (5 questions), Assessment of nurse’s knowledge towards transmissible pathogenic bacteria in patients on ventilators CPAP (20 questions). 23 nurses working in RCU was choosen, the sample was collected during the period from (April 1, 2024) to (August 1, 2024). Results: The study showed that most of nurses age group (95.7%) are between (20-29) years old while the majority of the participants are females (87%). Additionally, the results indicate that (52.2%) of the participants are Bachelor in Nursing. Regarding the years of experience in nursing the study results show that the participants had (1-5) Years of experience with (87%). Regarding to the participation in a previous course related to research topic, the results show that (82.6%) of the participants are not Participate in a previous course. The overall assessment show good assessment. In addition, it was determined that there was no statistically significant in participants knowledge with their socio-demographic data with (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The researcher concludes that the overall assessment, which represents the knowledge of nurses in the respiratory care unit (RCU) towards transmissible pathogenic bacteria in patients on ventilators (CPAP) in Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, shows a good overall assessment Highlights: Nurses play a crucial role in preventing VAP in ventilated patients. Descriptive study with a questionnaire involving 23 RCU nurses in Iraq. Nurses demonstrated good knowledge of VAP prevention and pathogenic bacteria. Keywords: knowledge, respiratory care unit , transmissible pathogenic bacteria, CPAP
The Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in Pediatric Obesity and its relation to Life Style of Obese Children: Prevalensi Dislipidemia pada Obesitas Anak dan Hubungannya dengan Gaya Hidup Anak Obesitas Altaan, Esraa Azzam; Alsarraf, Zahraa; Abow, Frdoos Hameed
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.63

Abstract

Background: Pediatric overweight contributes to adulthood obesity, leading to increased mortality and morbidity. There are a number of environmental and genetic factors that can have an effect on one's weight, including nutrition and physical activity. It is important to note that the prevalence of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents serves as a warning signal at both the individual and population levels. This is because having an excessive amount of body weight might lead to health concerns associated with dyslipidemia. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and the relationship between metabolic health and dietary and physical activity habits in obese children and adolescents. Methodology: A cross-sectional and case control study was conducted on 62 children aged 4-14 years at Ibn-Sena Taching Hospital and and Alwafaa center for endocrine and diabetes mellitus from 1st February 2024 to 1st November 2024. The sample consisted of 22 obese children and 40 normal weight children without dyslipidemia. Data was collected through questionnaires, height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, and blood samples. Independent t-test and Fisher Exact test. Results: The study revealed that obese children have a mean age of 10.97 years, higher cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels, and lower HDL levels. Only 4 of these children with higher waist circumference and BMI had dyslipidemia, a prevalence of 18.2%. These children had a family history of obesity. Playing video game was 75.0% in dyslipidemic obese children, and no significant differences was found in snacks. Conclusion: Children with a BMI over normal were frequently affected by dyslipidemia. Children with dyslipidemia were older and had elevated fundamental anthropometric measurements, such as waist circumference and BMI, compared to overweight and obese children without lipid abnormalities. Highlights: ediatric obesity links to adult dyslipidemia, morbidity, and genetic factors. Cross-sectional study of 62 children; BMI, waist, and lipid tests. Dyslipidemia in 18.2% obese children; high BMI, cholesterol, triglycerides. Keywords: Dyslipidemia, Life style , Pediatric obesity, Prevalence
Examining the Range of Genes in Soil Microbes and Their Ability to Make Biopolymers Using RNA identification and DNA Extraction: Meneliti Kisaran Gen pada Mikroba Tanah dan Kemampuannya Membuat Biopolimer Menggunakan Identifikasi RNA dan Ekstraksi DNA Altaee, Nadia; Aljozary, Mustafa Jasim; Hasan, Murtadha Kadhim
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 1 No. 3 (2024): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.64

Abstract

This research was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity and functional capabilities of microbes in agricultural soils in Iraq. The study involved soil sampling from various agricultural farms located in the regions of Oil production station in Baghdad encompassing a range of soil types including sandy loam, clay loam, and silty clay. The research explores the genetic diversity and functional capabilities of microbes in agricultural soils, focusing on macrophages' potential to produce biopolymers through practical experiments. Diversity of the soil microbial communities was high, with an average Shannon index of 6.1. Analysis of the RNA sequencing revealed Proteobacteria (28.7%), Actinobacteria (24.5%) and Bacteroidetes (13.2%) as the main phyla and Streptomyces (9.8%), Bradyrhizobium (6.7%) and Pseudomonas (4.6%) as the most abundant genera. The most abundant functional categories in the soil microbiome as determined through metagenomic analysis were carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism and protein metabolism. Potentials of the soil, mainly of the clay loam from Basra, for PHA production were tested in biopolymer production assays, where 1.2 mg/g was produced in the clay loam from Basra. We performed differential abundance analysis and identified 500 significantly different OTUs, with Streptomyces and Bradyrhizobium as most significantly enriched, and Nitrospira and Nitrosomonas as most significantly depleted. Finally, the soil microbiome in Iraq shows a rich diversity, a high functional potential and biotechnological relevance. The study findings reveal considerable diversity and functional potential within soil microbial communities, highlighting their roles in sustainable agriculture. Understanding the genetic resources provided by soil microbes could help harness their abilities to improve crop yields while minimizing environmental impacts. Highlights: High microbial diversity in Iraqi agricultural soils, Shannon index 6.1. Abundant Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, functional potential in metabolism, biopolymer production. Soil microbes crucial for sustainable agriculture and improved crop yields. Keywords: Soil microbiome, Metagenomics, RNA sequencing, Biopolymers, Sustainable agriculture, Poly-hydroxy-alkenoates
Predominance of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Recurrent Tonsillitis and the Frequency of Antibiotics: A Clinical Study: Dominasi Bakteri yang Kebal Antibiotik pada Tonsilitis Kambuhan dan Frekuensi Antibiotik: Sebuah Studi Klinis Fliafel, Intisar Khlaif; Obayes, Maryam Sadiq; Saleem, Hanan Kareem
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 1 No. 3 (2024): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.65

Abstract

Background; Antibiotic resistance in bacteria has become a significant concern in the treatment of recurrent tonsillitis, with increased resistance potentially complicating management strategies. Aims of the study; Evaluate the predominance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in recurrent tonsillitis cases and to assess the frequency and patterns of antibiotic use among affected patients, in order to inform better treatment strategies and combat resistance. Methodology; This clinical study, conducted at Al-Habbobi Teaching Hospital over six months, involved 500 patients with recurrent tonsillitis. Data on sociodemographic factors, medical history, and antibiotic usage was collected. Throat swabs were cultured, and bacterial identification was performed. Antibiotic resistance was tested using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, with informed consent obtained. Result; The results showed that 52% of participants were male and 48% female, with the highest age group being 6-8 years (40%). Regarding socioeconomic status, 50% were in the middle group. Antibiotic usage was 45% for amoxicillin, 30% for azithromycin, and 15% for clindamycin, all showing significant relationships (p<0.05). Streptococcus pyogenes was the most isolated bacteria (40%), with significant associations with antibiotic use. Antibiotic resistance was highest in Streptococcus pyogenes (60%) and Staphylococcus aureus (50%). Pain severity showed 60% with severe pain, with 30% experiencing recurrence, both with significant p-values (p<0.05). Conclusions; The study highlights the high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, particularly Streptococcus pyogenes. The significant correlation between pain severity, recurrence, and antibiotic resistance suggests that improper antibiotic use may contribute to resistance, emphasizing the need for targeted treatments and antibiotic stewardship. Highlights: Antibiotic resistance complicates recurrent tonsillitis treatment strategies. Assess antibiotic-resistant bacteria prevalence and usage patterns in tonsillitis. Targeted treatments, stewardship crucial against Streptococcus pyogenes resistance. Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, Recurrent tonsillitis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pain severity, Antibiotic usage, Recurrence rate
Neonatal Jaundice and Breast Feeding: A Narrative Review: Penyakit kuning pada bayi baru lahir dan pemberian ASI: Sebuah Tinjauan Naratif Awad, Kadhim Jawad
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v1i1.66

Abstract

A significant proportion of both term and preterm neonates experience neonatal jaundice. Jaundice is the most common cause of readmission to the hospital in otherwise healthy-term infants. Serum bilirubin levels rise due to red blood cell lysis, which is the main cause of jaundice. The blood carries bilirubin as "unconjugated" bilirubin, mostly attached to albumin. Most term babies have "physiological" jaundice, which doesn't require any special care and can be temporarily alleviated with phototherapy. Neonatal frequently experience unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, which is typically normal, or the result of breast milk jaundice, which is a benign condition. But neonatal jaundice resulting from underlying cholestasis (and the conjugated hyperbilirubinemia that follows) is invariably pathological and requires immediate medical attention. Severe newborn jaundice is comparatively common in developing nations, and these babies are susceptible to bilirubin-induced brain damage Highlights: Neonatal jaundice is common, especially in term and preterm infants. Physiological jaundice is benign; phototherapy often provides temporary relief. Severe jaundice risks brain damage, needing urgent care, especially in cholestasis. Keywords: Neonatal Jaundice, Mothers, Narrative Review
Exploring the Link between Vitamin D Levels and Bone Health: Insights into Osteopenia and Osteoporosis Among Postmenopausal Women in Basrah, Iraq: Mengeksplorasi Hubungan antara Kadar Vitamin D dan Kesehatan Tulang: Wawasan tentang Osteopenia dan Osteoporosis di Kalangan Wanita Pascamenopause di Basrah, Irak Hussein, Mustafa Abd Almajeed; Ibrahim, Nawal Khalil
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 1 No. 3 (2024): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.67

Abstract

Although vitamin D is essential for bone metabolism, postmenopausal women frequently experience vitamin D insufficiency and shortage, which may have an impact on microarchticher, and bone mineral density (BMD). However, the results of previous research are inconsistent, and need more investigation for advanced research of extensive studies that are now available. Methods: 260 postmenopausal women age between (55-75) years old who were diagnosed with osteopenia and osteoporosis were included in this investigation. The parameter were gauged include serum 25,(OH) D level. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to diagnose BMD in all locations, including the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and whole hip. Using a generic linear model with body mass index and age adjustments, the relationships between serum 25,(OH) D levels and BMDs were examined. Results: There were significant differences of serum 25,(OH) D for the osteopenia group and also for the osteoporosis group in every patient that was part in this study. 25,(OH) D low levels were positively correlated with both pelvic and femur neck BMD in the osteoporosis group. Additionally, to the osteopenia cohort group, deficiency vitamin D scales were linked in neck femur and total hip BMD. The same patterns were noted in patients with osteoporosis (p < 0.05) and decrease levels of 25,(OH) D in those with lumbar spine BMD. Conclusions: Postmenopausal women with osteopenia and osteoporosis had a significant frequency of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, according to this study, which also examined the connections between vitamin D and BMD; the findings advance a more thorough comprehension of the potential effects of vitamin D on bone health. Highlights: Assess vitamin D's impact on BMD in postmenopausal women. Analyzed 260 women using serum 25(OH)D and DXA measurements. Vitamin D deficiency linked to lower BMD in spine and hip.. Keywords: Vitamin D, Osteoporosis, Osteopenia, Postmenopausal Women
The Effect of Foliar Feeding With University Fertilizer on The Growth and Yield of Green Onion Plants Allium Cepa, The Local White Variety, Planted in Southern Iraq: Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Daun Dengan Pupuk Universitas Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Bawang Merah Allium Cepa Varietas Lokal Putih yang Ditanam di Irak Selatan Al Khazraji, Haidar A.K.; Athfua, Qasim Jasim; Abdlulla, Abdulla A.
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 1 No. 3 (2024): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.68

Abstract

The experiment was conducted during the winter agricultural season 2023-2024 at the Agricultural Research Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Basra, in the Kerma Ali area, with the aim of studying the impact of different concentrations of liquid sky (university fertilizer) on the growth and yield of green onions of the white local variety and four different sprays (0, 3, 6, 9) ml-1, so it was carried out according to the design of the complete random sectors with three repetitions and the arithmetic averages of the transactions were compared according to the test of the lowest moral difference LSD and it has a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the concentration of spraying exceeded 6 ml liters-1 Significantly in the height of the plant, the number of tubular leaves, the soft weight of the vegetative total, the diameter and weight of the onion, the total onion yield and the total green yield. The values were as follows ( 75.3 cm, 13.3 leaves, 141.6g, 4.2 cm, 64.5 g, 3.783 tons, -1 0.307 tons, -1) respectively. Highlights: Evaluate liquid sky fertilizer effects on green onion growth, yield. Tested 0, 3, 6, 9 ml/L on green onions, LSD 0.05. 6 ml/L improved plant height, leaves, weight, yield significantly. Keywords: green onion, university fertilizer, leaf spray, growth, yield

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