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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26862611     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/ijals
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services (Indonesian J. Advoc. Legal Serv.) is a double blind peer reviewed journal published by the Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang. Indonesian J. Advoc. Legal Serv. published twice a year (biannual), every March and September and has been registered as Scientific Journal on LIPI with Special ISSN Number (ISSN Print 2686-2085, ISSN Online 2686-2611)
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pengambilan Keputusan (semua kategori) - Ilmu Pengambilan Keputusan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 132 Documents
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Towards a Structured Legal Framework for Protecting Home Worker’s Rights in Indonesia Ratih Damayanti; Rodiyah Rodiyah; Muhammad Azil Maskur; Putri Balqis Nuril Hakim; Quinny Azalia Putri; Ahmad Gelora Mahardika
Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Legal Advocacy and Justice Innovation
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijals.v8i1.34367

Abstract

Home-based workers constitute a segment of the labor force who carry out their work from their residences, typically under informal employment arrangements, which often results in their exclusion from adequate legal protections. The definitional distinctions between home- based workers and other categories of workers, coupled with their significant numbers, underscore the urgency of recognizing and ensuring legal protections for this group. This study aims to examine the risks and challenges faced by home-based workers within industrial contexts and to enhance understanding of the labor rights that are often denied to them. This study uses a normative juridical method, with statutory and conceptual approach, based on a literature review of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings reveal that home-based workers encounter a range of issues, including the absence of written employment contracts, substandard wages, excessive working hours, lack of social security coverage, and constraints on forming labor unions. Additionally, exploitative practices such as the involvement of child labor and the imposition of production costs on workers are prevalent. Addressing these challenges requires strengthening legal awareness and ensuring that home-based workers are afforded the rights and protections to which they are entitled.
Strengthening Legal Literacy and Democratic Citizenship through an Advocacy-Based Approach in Civic Education Sukron Mazid; Giri Harto Wiratomo; Hartutik Hartutik; Novitasari Novitasari; Atsani Wulansari; Eem Munawaroh
Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Legal Advocacy and Justice Innovation
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijals.v8i1.34390

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the strengthening of synergy between legal literacy and democracy through the integration of legal advocacy and civic education. This study is grounded in the weak legal awareness of citizens, the lack of critical participation in public affairs, and the limited comprehension of constitutional rights and obligations among the younger generation. This research applied a descriptive qualitative approach through literature studies, normative analysis, and case studies. The data was obtained from literature, interviews, and participatory observations. Thematic analysis was conducted to examine the synergy of legal advocacy and civic education and to explore its effects on legal literacy, civic consciousness, and democratic participation within schools and the wider community. The findings indicated that legal advocacy serves not only as a mechanism for right protection, but also as a pedagogical medium for internalizing the values of democracy, justice, and active citizen participation. The integration of legal advocacy in Civic Education can strengthen civic knowledge (legal and civic knowledge), civic skills (critical thinking, advocacy, and problem solving), and civic disposition (democratic attitudes, social responsibility, and concern for justice). In conclusion, legal advocacy–based civic education can foster citizens who, beyond understanding their rights and obligations, also demonstrate the courage and capacity to advance public interests within a democratic framework.
The Consent Paradox: Evaluating the Validity of Sensitive Data Collection by AI Chatbots Marianne Charleen Sabini; Fajar Sugianto; Kentarou Kaneda; Vincensia EP Sari; Jerry Shalmont
Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Legal Advocacy and Justice Innovation
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijals.v8i1.37509

Abstract

This paper explores the legal friction between user consent and data collection practices, investigating whether the current Indonesian legal landscape provides sufficient safeguards for AI chatbot users. It employs a comparative legal analysis to evaluate the regulatory alignment between the Indonesian PDP Law and the EU GDPR, specifically regarding the protection of sensitive data. The analysis reveals that while the two regulations share foundational data protection principles, the PDP Law lacks necessary specificity regarding the definition and processing of sensitive data, risk assessment mechanisms, and the authority of supervisory bodies. The first analysis elucidates how these regulatory gaps hinder the PDP Law’s ability to effectively govern AI-based environments and establish accountability for data controllers and processors. Subsequently, the second analysis proposes necessary reforms, including more robust governance mechanisms, strengthened administrative oversight, and industry-specific guidelines to ensure uniform enforcement. This paper concludes that the PDP Law requires substantive refinement to remain effective and responsive to the rapid evolution of AI and automated systems.
Bridging the Justice Gap: A Study on the Challenges and Solutions for Legal Aid in Indonesia Suteki Suteki; Abdul Jalil; Aga Natalis; Evis Garunja
Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Legal Advocacy and Justice Innovation
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijals.v8i1.42292

Abstract

Legal aid represents an essential tool for ensuring access to justice for all citizens, particularly the impoverished who are frequently marginalised by prohibitive costs and limited legal knowledge. Under Law No. 16 of 2011 on Legal Aid, the Indonesian state formally guarantees the right to free legal aid for the poor. In practice, however, the implementation of legal aid faces various challenges. These include uneven dissemination of information, budget limitations, and a reimbursement-based funding system that obstructs smooth operations. Furthermore, administrative difficulties continue to act as barrier to those seeking legal services. This study adopts a socio-legal approach, combining two types of research: doctrinal legal research to examine the normative aspects of the law, and empirical social research focused on data collection through interviews and field observations related to social phenomena in the provision of legal aid. The method employs descriptive analysis to scrutinise  and interpret the collected data, as well as identify factors affecting the effectiveness of legal aid implementation in Indonesia. Based on research in Pontianak and Bogor, this study identifies that the main obstacles to providing legal aid include the poor understanding of their rights among the poor and the unequal distribution of legal aid in remote areas. Consequently, this study proposes several strategies interventions to improve the effectiveness of legal aid – such as strengthening broader and more systematic outreach, improving a more flexible funding system, enhancing the capacity of legal aid institutions, and utilising information technology to expand public access to legal aid services.
Constitutional Development and the Role of Democratic Advocacy: The Quo Vadis of General Elections in Indonesia Anom Suryo Nindito; Rodiyah Rodiyah; Martitah Martitah; Suhadi Suhadi; Edy Sujendro
Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Legal Advocacy and Justice Innovation
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijals.v8i1.43471

Abstract

The implementation of simultaneous national and regional elections in Indonesia in 2019 and 2024 revealed significant constitutional, administrative, and democratic challenges. These included excessive institutional burdens, diminished voter rationality, weakened regional political discourse, and severe humanitarian impacts on election administrators. These conditions culminated in Constitutional Court Decision No. 135/PUU-XXII/2024, which mandates the separation of national and regional elections beginning in 2029. This article critically examines the constitutional direction, democratic implications, and normative risks of this decision, particularly its role as an instrument of constitutional engineering within Indonesia’s presidential system. Employing prescriptive qualitative legal research, the study utilizes doctrinal analysis, comparative constitutional review, and content analysis of legal norms, court decisions, and scholarly literature. The findings indicate that while election separation has the potential to strengthen governability, enhance regional democratic focus, and improve electoral rationality, it simultaneously poses risks of constitutional change by stealth. This could potentially undermine the five-year election principle and democratic legitimacy if not carefully regulated. This research contributes by integrating constitutional law, theories of governability and governmentality, and democratic advocacy into a cohesive analytical framework that moves beyond procedural electoral reform. The study concludes that Constitutional Court Decision No. 135/PUU-XXII/2024 should be treated as a constitutional guideline rather than a substitute for formal amendment. Accordingly, it recommends legislative harmonization of election laws, strengthened civic advocacy, enhanced political education, and cautious institutional restraint to ensure that electoral reform advances substantive democracy without eroding constitutional integrity.
Legal Advocacy for Balanced Protection of Jastip Business Actors Dian Afrilia; Joni Emirzon; Putu Samawati; Faiq Faiq
Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Legal Advocacy and Justice Innovation
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijals.v8i1.44476

Abstract

This study examines the legal protection of online personal shopping service (jastip) business actors within Indonesia’s rapidly evolving digital economy, where existing regulations remain largely consumer-oriented and do not adequately address the vulnerabilities faced by business actors. The research aims to analyze the legal structure of jastip agreements and evaluate whether current legal frameworks provide balanced protection for all parties involved. Using a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, the study finds that jastip agreements have a hybrid contractual nature, combining elements of mandate, sale, deposit, and service contracts. Nonetheless, such agreements existing beyond the boundaries of civil law categories make legal uncertainty and unduly burdensome business actors, especially in relation to bad faith on behalf of consumers and wrongdoing by third-parties. This research is in line with the discourse by suggesting that law needs to set more proportionally business actors as subjects of protection, these regulations are yet to adequately accommodate and address digital intermediary practices, and therefore urges the need for specific creating adaptive regulation while optimizing electronic contracts as preventive regulatory instruments to secure fairness, legal certainty, and balance risks in jastip transaction.
Legal Services and the Determination of the Indonesian Standard Industrial Classification for Green Hydrogen Investment in Supporting Sustainable Investment in Indonesia Sang Ayu Putu Rahayu; Rahayu Fery Anitasari; Dina Silvia Puteri; Asrul Ibrahim Nur; Dhita Widya Putri
Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): September 2026 (In Press)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijals.v8i2.45526

Abstract

Indonesia has significant potential for green hydrogen investment, driven by new and renewable energy (NRE) sources such as geothermal, solar, and hydropower, with projected demand reaching 2–5 million tons per year by 2040. This sector is particularly strategic for industrial decarbonization and heavy-duty transportation, with an investment target of US$25.2 billion (Rp395.58 trillion) by 2060. This potential presents opportunities for Indonesia to develop green hydrogen as a future energy pillar derived from renewable energy sources with zero carbon emissions, supporting the decarbonization of the heavy industry and transportation sectors. However, the realization of investment activities is intrinsically linked to licensing mechanisms and regulatory frameworks. In this context, legal certainty and the establishment of the Indonesian Standard Industrial Classification (KBLI) are crucial for facilitating business licensing and providing regulatory clarity for investors. The absence of a specific KBLI code for green hydrogen investment may engender legal uncertainty and administrative barriers that potentially impede investment realization. Therefore, determining a specific KBLI for green hydrogen investment is imperative to ensure legal certainty, strengthen the investment climate, and enhance investor confidence, thereby supporting sustainable investment in Indonesia. Establishing a clear regulatory framework through appropriate KBLI classification will not only provide legal certainty for the substantial capital injected but also create an incentive structure that attracts profit-oriented investments in this sector and enhances its economic viability. Ultimately, green hydrogen investment is not only economically beneficial but also a strategic sector for the advancement of clean, renewable, and environmentally friendly energy in Indonesia.
The Development of ANTIC (Anti Bullying Cards) as a Medium for Introducing the Characteristics of Bullying in Criminal Act Agung Aditya; Ariesma Setyarum; Huynh Thanh Tien; Cahya Wulandari; Suhadi Suhadi
Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Legal Advocacy and Justice Innovation
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijals.v8i1.47048

Abstract

Bullying in Indonesian schools remains a serious problem because it may involve conduct related to violence, threats, humiliation, defamation, cyberbullying, and social exclusion. At the elementary school level, students often still need concrete learning media to distinguish ordinary conflict or joking from bullying behavior that may carry social and legal consequences. This study aims to design ANTIC (Anti-Bullying Cards) as a card-based educational medium for introducing bullying as conduct with potential criminal law relevance to elementary school students. This research applies a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, limited to the analysis and design stages. The needs analysis was conducted through behavioral observation, a homeroom teacher questionnaire, and literature review. The ANTIC model consists of 18 art-cartoon cards printed on 400 gsm material, covering threats, physical violence, verbal harassment, cyberbullying, rumors or defamation, and social exclusion. Each card presents visual illustrations, short explanations of social and psychological impacts, and simplified legal meanings related to Indonesian criminal law. The design was validated by three expert validators and one elementary school educator. The validation results showed that ANTIC was highly feasible, with an overall average feasibility score of 84.09%. Validators considered the media suitable for elementary school students, especially because of its visual form, age-appropriate presentation, and potential use in classroom discussion. This study concludes that ANTIC is feasible as a preliminary prototype for early criminal law literacy and preventive legal empowerment in school-based bullying prevention. Further research should test its effectiveness through classroom implementation and evaluation.
Reforming Legal Documentation and Information Governance: Advancing Transparency and Accountability in University Legal Services Bayangsari Wedhatami; Anhar Dana Putra; Riska Alkadri; Ayup Suran Ningsih; Laga Sugiarto
Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Legal Advocacy and Justice Innovation
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijals.v8i1.47786

Abstract

Transparency and accountability are essential for building trustworthy legal services in universities. Universities are expected to provide accessible legal information while managing legal documents in a clear and responsible way, in line with applicable regulations. In this regard, the way legal documentation and information are governed has a significant impact in shaping the quality of university legal services. Using a qualitative socio-legal approach, the research relies on descriptive analysis based on empirical findings. This study addresses research gaps by mapping the current state of legal documentation governance at universities in Indonesia and proposing a model for managing legal documentation and information through a specialized legal repository. The research shows that stronger legal services can be achieved through better integration of legal documentation systems, the development of the Legal Documentation and Information Network, improved human resource capacity, and regular evaluation. These efforts help make legal services more transparent, accountable, and effective. This study makes a substantive contribution to the field of research. First, it presents a systematic mapping of the state of legal document management systems at Indonesian universities, identifying six structural barriers that have not previously been categorized in the academic literature. Second, this study develops a model and strategies for fostering a culture of legal document management at universities. Overall, this study highlights that strengthening legal documentation and information governance is essential for embedding transparency and accountability in university legal services. This requires not only regulatory compliance but also sustained institutional commitment and practical reforms in implementation.
Navigating Indonesia’s Economic Crossroads: The Future of State-Owned Enterprises in a Transforming National Economy Aldehita Purnasanti Maulida; Indah Sri Utari; Yustina Dhian Novita; Abu Bakar Munir
Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Legal Advocacy and Justice Innovation
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijals.v8i1.55219

Abstract

Indonesia’s economy is currently positioned at a decisive crossroads, facing the dual pressures of global market volatility and domestic structural transformation. Within this context, state-owned enterprises (BUMN) remain central actors, historically tasked with advancing national development objectives while simultaneously serving as instruments of fiscal stability and political legitimacy. Yet, their future role is increasingly contested as Indonesia seeks to reconcile efficiency, transparency, and competitiveness with broader goals of social equity and sustainable growth. This article critically examines the evolving position of BUMN in Indonesia’s transforming economy by integrating economic performance data, governance reforms, and comparative international perspectives. The analysis highlights a paradox: while BUMN continue to drive infrastructure expansion, energy provision, and financial intermediation, they also generate fiscal vulnerabilities through inefficiency, rent-seeking practices, and governance deficits. Regulatory reforms have sought to modernize corporate structures and enhance accountability, but enforcement remains uneven and institutional fragmentation persists. Drawing on socio-legal and political economy frameworks, the study argues that Indonesia’s economic sustainability depends on reorienting BUMN from state-centric instruments toward engines of innovation, competitiveness, and public value creation. By situating Indonesia’s experience within global debates on state capitalism, corporate governance, and developmental economics, the article contributes to understanding how emerging economies can navigate the tension between market liberalization and state intervention. It emphasizes that the future of BUMN will determine whether Indonesia can transform its current economic crossroads into a pathway toward inclusive, resilient, and globally competitive development. Ultimately, the study underscores that accountability, efficiency, and victim-centered governance are not optional reforms but essential conditions for Indonesia’s long-term economic transformation.

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