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Unnes Journal of Public Health
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25487604     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/ujph
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Unnes Journal of Public Health contains articles about health epidemiology, biostatistics health, health administration, public health nutrition, environmental health, occupational health and safety, health promotion, reproductive health, maternal and child health, and other related articles health. The journal can be used by health practitioners, health caregivers, teachers, medical students, and people who interested in health issues.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 42 Documents
 1   2   3   4   5 
The Role of Cultural Communication in Enhancing Latrine Ownership in Rural Indonesia Asriwati; Muh Syaiful Akbar; Muhammad Syafar; Zamli; Yusuf
Unnes Journal of Public Health Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) in cooperation with the Association of Indonesian Public Health Experts (Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ujph.v15i2.33564

Abstract

Open defecation is a significant public health challenge in Indonesia, particularly in rural areas characterized by limited sanitation infrastructure and strong local cultural influences. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a culturally tailored communication approach in increasing household latrine ownership and to identify the most influential behavioural factors. This quasi-experimental study examined 150 household heads divided into three groups, namely culturally-tailored participatory education, passive literacy-based dissemination, and control. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted over three months and consisted of three structured sessions delivered at monthly intervals. The results showed that the culturally-tailored participatory education group experienced the most significant increase in latrine ownership (from 66% to 88%, p=0.001), compared to the passive literacy-based dissemination (from 76% to 78%) and the control group (80%). McNemar and Kruskal-Wallis tests confirmed the effectiveness of the cultural education intervention on behaviour change in the community. Furthermore, multivariate analysis within the cultural education group showed that community participation had the strongest correlation with increased latrine ownership (r=0.377; p=0.007), followed by partnerships (r=0.306; p=0.031) and regulation awareness (r=0.307; p=0.030). This study provides novel quantitative evidence that culturally tailored communication, beyond conventional education, can effectively transform sanitation behaviours in culturally complex rural settings. 
School Availability of Iron Supplements and Peer Support as Key Determinants of Iron Supplementation Adherence among Adolescent Girls in Urban Indonesia Noerfitri Noerfitri; Rohayati Rohayati
Unnes Journal of Public Health Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) in cooperation with the Association of Indonesian Public Health Experts (Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ujph.v15i2.34073

Abstract

Iron and folic acid supplementation for adolescent girls is essential for preventing anemia in countries such as Indonesia, where the prevalence of anemia ranges from 20% to 40%. The iron supplementation coverage rate in Bekasi City is 13.29%. However, only 8.3% of adolescent girls adhere to iron supplementation. This study aimed to analyze relationships between predisposing, enabling, reinforcing factors and adherence to iron supplementation among adolescent girls in Bekasi, Indonesia. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between June and August 2023 using validated questionnaires to assess predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors. A total of 400 participants were selected using the multistage sampling method consisting of cluster random sampling followed by consecutive sampling. Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to establish the relationship between the variables. The availability of iron supplementation at schools, peer support, family support, attitude, and teacher support were found to be significantly associated with adjusted odds ratios(AOR) consecutively of 4.738 (2.654–8.460), 4.218 (2.150–8.275),2.463 (1.379–4.398), 2.291 (1.273–4.112), and 2.089 (1.058–4.124). The availability of supplements in schools emerged as the strongest factor associated with adherence to iron supplementation. Anemia prevention strategies for adolescent girls should prioritize interventions targeting the most influential determinants of adherence.
Spatio-Temporal Dynamics and the Influence of Socio-Economic Factors on the Crude Incidence Rate of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in South Sulawesi (2020-2023) Hedi Kuswanto; Andi Alfian Zainuddin; Ainan Raena Nas; Nurul Qalby; Zakiah; Halik Malik; Dedy Setyawan; Anugrah Nur Isnaeni Rahman
Unnes Journal of Public Health Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) in cooperation with the Association of Indonesian Public Health Experts (Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ujph.v15i2.35025

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) is a major public health problem in Indonesia. In South Sulawesi, the Crude Incidence Rate (CIR) exhibits substantial variation across district and cities, potentially reflecting underlying socioeconomic heterogeneity. This study analyzed the spatio-temporal distribution of type 2 DM CIR from 2020 to 2023 and examined its socioeconomic determinants. An ecological panel study was conducted using secondary data on type 2 DM CIR and ten socioeconomic indicators across all 24 districts and cities in South Sulawesi Province. Spatio-temporal relationships were examined using Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR), complemented by descriptive and spatial statistical analyses. The CIR increased significantly from 2020 to 2023, with Palopo City recording the highest burden. Global Moran’s I showed no significant spatial autocorrelation. Mean Years of Schooling (r = 0.740–0.789), Open Unemployment Rate (r = 0.644–0.693), Human Development Index (r = 0.682–0.749), and Per Capita Expenditure (r = 0.542–0.612; p < 0.01) were consistently significant predictors. GTWR confirmed their spatio-temporal influence across districts and cities in South Sulawesi. Socioeconomic factors significantly shape the spatio-temporal variation of type 2 DM burden in South Sulawesi, highlighting the need for targeted community-based interventions and inclusive socioeconomic policies to reduce disease burden.
Ocular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study based on the Indonesian National Health Insurance Data Lily Kresnowati; Suhartono; Zahroh Shaluhiyah; Bagoes Widjanarko
Unnes Journal of Public Health Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) in cooperation with the Association of Indonesian Public Health Experts (Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ujph.v15i2.35652

Abstract

The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is projected to rise dramatically. Southeast Asia regions will predictably face a 73% increase by 2050, exacerbating risks of microvascular complications like chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ocular disorders. This study aims to investigate the association between ocular comorbidity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with a chronic kidney disease (CKD) according to the Indonesian National Health Insurance data. This retrospective cohort study analyzed 7,581 T2DM patients (11.4% with CKD) from Indonesian National Health Insurance (NHI) database year 2016–2023. Odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios (HR) for ocular diagnoses (ICD-10 codes) were calculated using contingency tables and cox regression after propensity score matching (PSM) for age and sex.  Other retinal disorders (OR: 2.96, 95% CI: 2.22–3.96), vitreous body disorders (OR: 2.92, 95% CI: 2.09–4.08), and other cataracts (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.35–2.13) had significantly higher odds of CKD occurrence in T2DM patients. Conversely, refractive errors showed a lower OR (0.79, 95% CI: 0.64–0.99). Adjusted HRs confirmed elevated risks of CKD in T2DM patients with other retinal disorders (HR: 2.03) and vitreous body disorders (HR: 1.72).  T2DM patients with retinal disorders, vitreous body disorders, globe abnormalities, cataracts, and glaucoma showed markedly higher risks of developing CKD, underscoring the need for integrated screening and management.
Transforming Coastal Household Sanitation: A Family-Centered PHAST Adaptation for Malnutrition and Environmentally Related Diseases-Vulnerable Communities Evi Naria; Indra Chahaya; Rusmalawaty Rusmalawaty; Diza Hamzah; Syafrina Ulfah
Unnes Journal of Public Health Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) in cooperation with the Association of Indonesian Public Health Experts (Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ujph.v15i2.36067

Abstract

Poor environmental sanitation in coastal areas is closely associated with environmentally related diseases and malnutrition among under-five children, but participatory interventions are rarely evaluated at the household level. Therefore, this study aimed to implement and evaluate a family-centered adaptation of the Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST) method in Medan Belawan District, Indonesia. A Participatory Action Research (PAR) design engaged 30 households with children under five years of age. Qualitative interview and observation data were triangulated with descriptive pre- and post-intervention sanitation indicators and anthropometric data to validate the thematic evidence. The results from the baseline assessment showed inadequate sanitation conditions, including unsafe toilets, open wastewater channels, as well as poor hygiene and waste management. Following the intervention, all families stored water and food in covered containers, 83.3% disposed of waste daily, and 50% performed actions such as closing toilet holes and cleaning up scattered waste. The intervention increased household environmental awareness, strengthened shared family responsibility for sanitation, and produced measurable improvements in sanitation practices. This reduced the risk of environmentally related diseases, and malnutrition remains a plausible, unmeasured downstream benefit. In conclusion, the adaptation appears feasible and acceptable for strengthening household sanitation ownership in low-resource coastal communities, warranting further evaluation of its longer-term health impact.
Understanding Adolescent Smoking Behavior in ‘Cigarette City’ Kudus, Indonesia: An Ecological Perspective Anita Aisah; Subandi; Yuli Fajar Susetyo
Unnes Journal of Public Health Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) in cooperation with the Association of Indonesian Public Health Experts (Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ujph.v15i2.36087

Abstract

Adolescent smoking behavior is a significant public health issue worldwide, including in Indonesia. Despite anti-smoking campaigns being implemented, the number of adolescent smokers has not reduced, especially in Kudus, Indonesia, known as the “cigarette city” where numerous cigarette industries operate. This study aims to understand the dynamic interactions between adolescents and their surrounding environments. We conducted ethnographic fieldwork in the Gringsing District, Kudus, for five months. In addition to participant observations, we conducted interviews with 18 adolescents, 11 pairs of parents, 3 adolescent fathers or mothers, five religious figures, three community leaders, and two cultural figures. Five themes emerged from the thematic analysis, including: from trying to get used to it, ways to overcome temptation to smoke, allowing smoking if employed, violation of prohibition at school, and penetration of cigarette culture. The findings indicate a dynamic interaction among adolescents and their broader family, peer, school, and socio-cultural environments. We analyzed the findings using Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory. We conclude that adolescent smoking behavior in the ‘cigarette city’ of Kudus is influenced by the entrenched cigarette industry, which permeates societal norms, values, cultural traditions, and everyday behaviors, including those of adolescents.
Factors Associated with Primary Dysmenorrhea Prevalence, Severity, and Self-Management Among Indonesian Adolescents: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study Faridah Baroroh; Dwi Endarti; Shinta Prawitasari; Lutfan Lazuardi
Unnes Journal of Public Health Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) in cooperation with the Association of Indonesian Public Health Experts (Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ujph.v15i2.36983

Abstract

Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a common menstrual disorder that adversely affects adolescents daily activities and quality of life. However, evidence related to factors associated with its prevalence, severity, and self-management among Indonesian adolescents remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to identify factors associated with the prevalence, severity, and self-management of PD among female adolescents. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 464 female junior high school students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire and analysed using chi-square tests, binary logistic regression, and ordinal logistic regression. The prevalence of PD was 73.3%, with most participants experiencing moderate severity (63.2%). After adjustment for potential confounders, age at menarche <12 years, a family history of dysmenorrhea, and frequent fast food consumption were independently associated with PD prevalence. Abnormal menstrual cycles were also independently associated with lower odds of PD compared with normal menstrual cycles (aOR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.34–0.99). Frequent dysmenorrhea, irregular eating patterns, and frequent fast food consumption were independently associated with greater PD severity. The frequency and severity of dysmenorrhea were independently associated with the number of self-management strategies used. Eucalyptus oil (28.7%) and turmeric–tamarind herbal drinks (28.4%) were the most commonly reported self-management methods. These results may inform the development of future health education and self-management programs targeting modifiable lifestyle factors.
Integrating Health Belief Model and Social Cognitive Theory in Tuberculosis Prevention in Urban Indonesia Sri Sugiarsi; Endang Sutisna Sulaiman; Sapja Anantanyu; Anik Lestari
Unnes Journal of Public Health Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) in cooperation with the Association of Indonesian Public Health Experts (Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ujph.v15i2.39330

Abstract

Good prevention of TB depends on changing how people see the risks and making sure they take action consistently.  This study wanted to create and check a model for preventing TB by using important ideas from the HBM and SCT.  A survey was done with 325 TB patients from 17 city health clinics in Surakarta, Indonesia.  The study looked at how people see threats and benefits, what stops them, how confident they feel, the support they get from others, their intentions, and their actions to prevent TB.  They used a specific analysis method called PLS-SEM with 5,000 samples to help with their findings.  The results showed strong links between the factors Self-confidence was the biggest factor in deciding someone’s intention This was followed by how much they felt threatened and the benefits they saw On the other hand, perceived obstacles had a negative impact People’s intentions greatly influenced their chances of taking preventive actions, and having support from others also had a strong direct impact The model explained 64% of the differences in people’s intentions and actions.  The combination of HBM and SCT showed that just having the intention to act is not enough.  Being confident in oneself and having support from others are important for actually taking action.  This gives useful information for TB programs on how to help people and communicate risks.
Digital Health Literacy and Parental Willingness for School-Based Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: The Importance of Online Information Searching Skill Putri Bungsu Machmud; Jessica Silalahi; Erni Astutik
Unnes Journal of Public Health Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) in cooperation with the Association of Indonesian Public Health Experts (Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ujph.v15i2.40883

Abstract

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is a highly effective primary prevention measure, with over 90% efficacy in preventing cervical cancer. This cross-sectional study examines the relationship between parental health literacy and willingness to accept school-based HPV vaccination in Depok City, Indonesia. Data were collected via an online self-administered questionnaire completed by 208 parents. Despite a high overall willingness rate (88.9%), significant gaps remain between general vaccine awareness and detailed operational knowledge regarding dosage and timing. Using a cross-sectional design and multivariable logistic regression, the research identifies that insufficient information exposure is the primary barrier to vaccine acceptance (AOR: 0.06; 95%CI: 0.02 – 0.22). Notably, digital health literacy, specifically proficient online information-searching skills, emerged as a critical enabler of vaccination intent. Conversely, lower skills in self-generated digital content were associated with higher willingness, suggesting a correlation between passive digital engagement and program acceptance. These findings indicate that the success of the School Children’s Immunization Month (BIAS) depends on transitioning from one-way administrative announcements to interactive, literacy-based communication strategies. Strengthening parental digital competencies and fostering structured school-based dialogues are essential to bridging the knowledge-action gap. Future research should employ longitudinal designs to evaluate the long-term impact of digital literacy interventions on actual vaccine uptake across diverse Indonesian contexts.
A Structural Equation Modeling Approach to Disease Burden, Functional Limitation, Loneliness, and Depression in Older Adults: Evidence from the Indonesian Family Life Survey Wahyu Tri Sudaryanto; Ika Yuli Ayuningrum
Unnes Journal of Public Health Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) in cooperation with the Association of Indonesian Public Health Experts (Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ujph.v15i2.41180

Abstract

Depression in later life is a growing public health concern, as it often emerges from the complex pathways. This study aimed to examine the direct and indirect association between multimorbidity, functional ability, physical dependency, loneliness, and depression among the elderly. A total of 2,928 individuals aged 60 years who were participated on the 5th Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to investigate the relationships among key variables, including gender, place of residence, marital status, healthcare services, comorbidities, functional ability, history of falls, loneliness, and depression. Model fit was evaluated using the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), and Tucker–Lewis Index (TLI). Depression was directly influenced by loneliness (b = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.33; p < 0.001), functional ability (b = -0.04; 95% CI: -0.07 to -0.01; p = 0.039), history of falls (b = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.12; p < 0.001), and adequacy of healthcare services (b = -0.07; 95% CI: -0.10 to -0.03; p < 0.001). Depression was indirectly affected by gender, marital status, comorbidities, functional independence, and place of residence. These findings underscore the complex and interconnected nature of physical and psychosocial factors in late-life depression and highlight the necessity for integrated interventions that address both the physical and emotional needs of the aging population.

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