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Primary Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30900972     DOI : https://doi.org/10.70716/pjmr
Primary Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (PJMR) is a multidisciplinary journal published every bimonthly with online version of ISSN 3090-0972 by Lembaga Publikasi Ilmiah Nusantara and can be accessed openly. This journal is a peer reviewed, open access, scientific and scholarly journal which publishes research papers, review papers, case reports, case studies, books review, thesis, dissertation works, etc. PJMR journal provides a means for ongoing discussion of relevant issues that fall within the focus and scope of the journal that can be examined empirically. This journal publishes research articles covering multidisciplinary sciences, including humanities and social sciences, education, religious sciences, philosophy, economics, engineering sciences, and health sciences. PJMR journal provides open access to anyone so that the information and findings in these articles are useful for everyone. This journal article contents can be accessed and downloaded for free, free of charge, following the creative commons license used.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 30 Documents
Implementasi Terapi Kognitif untuk Meningkatkan Harga Diri pada Remaja yang Mengalami Bullying dengan Masalah Keperawatan Harga Diri Rendah di Desa Kauman Kota Kediri (Studi Kasus) Rahmadaniar, Anjar Farah; Risnasari, Norma; Prihananto, Dhian Ika
Primary Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol. 1 No. 4 (2025): Primary Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, August 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Publikasi Ilmiah Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70716/pjmr.v1i4.253

Abstract

Bullying is an aggressive behavior that is carried out repeatedly by a person or a group of people towards a vulnerable victim with the intention of intimidating, threatening, or belittling the victim. Bullying can occur in various forms, such as physical bullying, verbal bullying, social bullying, and cyberbullying. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of self-esteem in adolescents who experience bullying with low self-esteem nursing problems before and after cognitive therapy. This study is descriptive in nature, using a case study approach method. The subjects used in this study were 2 adolescents who experienced bullying, which was measured through a questionnaire. Intervention was carried out through the provision of cognitive therapy for three days. The results of the study showed a significant increase. Cognitive therapy is widely recognized as one of the most effective therapeutic approaches and is supported by empirical evidence for various psychological problems, including depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. This researcher recommends conducting cognitive therapy to increase motivation and improve the mental well-being of adolescents.
Penerapan Air Rebusan Daun Kelor untuk Menurunkan Kadar Gula Darah pada Anggota Keluarga yang Mengalami Masalah Keperawatan Ketidakstabilan Kadar Glukosa Darah dengan Diagnosa Medis Diabetes Melitus di Wilayah Puskesmas Tarokan Kabupaten Kediri (Studi Kasus) Asrori, Mohamad Bahrul; Prihananto, Dhian Ika; Risnasari, Norma
Primary Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol. 1 No. 4 (2025): Primary Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, August 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Publikasi Ilmiah Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70716/pjmr.v1i4.254

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood sugar levels due to impaired insulin function. In addition to medical treatment, diabetes management can also utilize herbal therapies such as moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera), which are known to contain active ingredients that have the potential to lower blood glucose levels. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of boiled moringa leaf water in lowering blood sugar levels in family members experiencing nursing problems related to unstable blood glucose levels and a medical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. The research method used was a descriptive case study with two respondents experiencing nursing problems related to unstable blood glucose levels of hyperglycemia. One glass of boiled moringa leaf water was given daily for four days. Blood sugar measurements before and after the intervention showed a significant decrease, with Mrs. T's blood sugar decreasing from 269 mg/dl to 213 mg/dl and Mrs. T's from 221 mg/dl to 165 mg/dl. These findings demonstrate that administering boiled moringa leaf water can be a safe and effective alternative complementary therapy to help control blood sugar levels in diabetic patients within the family.
Gambaran Tingkat Kecemasan dalam Menghadapi Ujian Akhir Semester pada Siswa-Siswi SMPN 2 Loceret Kabupaten Nganjuk Tahun 2025 (Studi Kasus) Niela, Oriza Sativa Alnidano Sakha Natha; Wijayanti, Endah Tri; Mudzakkir, Muhammad
Primary Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol. 1 No. 4 (2025): Primary Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, August 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Publikasi Ilmiah Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70716/pjmr.v1i4.256

Abstract

Anxiety is one of the most common mental disorders in human life and can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender, or social background. This study aims to describe the levels of anxiety experienced by students of SMPN 2 Loceret in facing last exams semester. This research design uses a descriptive quantitative approach, an approach that emphasizes the collection and analysis of data in the form of numbers or numerical data, which are then analyzed to describe a particular phenomenon. The results and discussion regarding the levels of anxiety experienced by students of SMPN 2 Loceret in facing last exams semester are presented in this chapter. To answer the research questions and achieve the research objectives, data collection and analysis were conducted, and the results outline the main findings. Tables, graphs, and statistics with detailed explanations accompany the findings from the data analysis, which followed the procedures outlined above. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that students experience varying levels of anxiety when facing final exams. Most students fall into the moderate anxiety category, followed by low anxiety, and only a small percentage experience high anxiety.
Pengaruh Edukasi Gizi terhadap Pengetahuan dan Sikap Konsumsi Sayur pada Anak Sekolah Dasar Natasha, Nadya; Uswah, Jenny; Pertiwi, Lisa
Primary Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol. 1 No. 4 (2025): Primary Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, August 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Publikasi Ilmiah Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70716/pjmr.v1i4.269

Abstract

Vegetable consumption among elementary school children remains relatively low, although vegetables are an important source of vitamins, minerals, and fiber that play a vital role in children’s growth and development. Low vegetable intake is often influenced by a lack of nutritional knowledge and negative attitudes toward healthy foods. This study aims to analyze the effect of nutrition education on knowledge and attitudes toward vegetable consumption among elementary school students. This research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group approach. The subjects were elementary school students aged 9–11 years selected through purposive sampling. The intervention was conducted through nutrition education using interactive counseling, posters, and educational games over four weeks. Data on knowledge and attitudes were collected using standardized questionnaires, then analyzed using paired t-tests and independent t-tests to examine differences before and after the intervention between the experimental and control groups. The results showed a significant improvement in nutritional knowledge (p<0.05) and more positive attitudes toward vegetable consumption in the experimental group compared to the control group. Nutrition education proved effective in increasing students’ awareness of the importance of vegetable consumption and shaping more supportive attitudes toward healthy eating patterns. This study recommends that nutrition education programs be integrated into school activities as a promotive and preventive effort to establish healthy eating habits from an early age.
Pengaruh Kegiatan Mewarnai terhadap Kreativitas Anak Usia 4–5 Tahun Inara, Zara; Ningsih, Diana; Adeeva, Kiara
Primary Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol. 1 No. 4 (2025): Primary Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, August 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Publikasi Ilmiah Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70716/pjmr.v1i4.270

Abstract

Creativity is one of the essential aspects of development that must be stimulated from an early age, particularly in children aged 4–5 years who are in the preoperational stage according to Piaget’s theory. At this stage, children actively express themselves through imaginative activities, one of which is coloring. Coloring activities not only train fine motor coordination but also encourage children to imagine, choose colors that reflect self-expression, and develop confidence in making decisions. Thus, coloring can serve as an effective medium to enhance creativity aspects, including fluency, flexibility, and originality. This study aims to analyze the effect of coloring activities on the creativity of children aged 4–5 years by using a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group. The research subjects consisted of two groups: the experimental group, which received regular coloring activities, and the control group, which did not. The research instruments included creativity observation sheets based on early childhood development indicators, while data were collected through observation, documentation of children’s work, and interviews with classroom teachers. The results indicate a significant improvement in the creativity level of children in the experimental group compared to the control group. Children who participated in coloring activities were more confident in expressing ideas, produced more diverse color combinations, and demonstrated originality in their creations. These findings prove that coloring activities play an important role in stimulating the development of creativity in early childhood. The study is expected to provide insights for early childhood teachers and parents in designing engaging and effective learning activities to nurture children’s potential, as well as to encourage early childhood education institutions to integrate coloring activities as part of creativity-based learning strategies.
Kesehatan Mental Remaja: Tinjauan Psikososial dan Lingkungan Pratama, Farel; Pratiwi, Dessy
Primary Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol. 1 No. 5 (2025): Primary Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, October 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Publikasi Ilmiah Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70716/pjmr.v1i5.293

Abstract

Adolescence is a transitional period filled with developmental challenges, both biologically, psychologically, and socially. Adolescent mental health is influenced by various interrelated factors, including psychosocial and environmental aspects. This study aims to comprehensively review the influence of psychosocial aspects, such as family support, peer interactions, and academic pressure, as well as environmental factors, including school conditions, digital environments, and community settings, on adolescent mental health. The research method used is a literature review by analyzing relevant articles and journals from the past ten years. The findings indicate that psychosocial factors play a dominant role in determining adolescent mental health. Adolescents who receive emotional support from family and peers tend to have lower stress levels and better mental well-being. Conversely, low social support, bullying, and excessive academic demands contribute to increased risks of depression, anxiety, and deviant behaviors. Environmental factors, particularly exposure to social media and school conditions, are also shown to have a significant impact. A healthy, safe, and inclusive environment can serve as a protective factor for adolescent mental health. The conclusion of this review is that adolescent mental health is not only influenced by internal factors but is also strongly shaped by the social and environmental contexts in which they grow and develop. Therefore, promotive and preventive efforts for adolescent mental health must involve families, schools, and communities collaboratively to create an ecosystem that supports healthy psychological development.
Internet of Things (IoT): Masa Depan Kehidupan Serba Terkoneksi Gautama, Nevy; Yunita, Yura; Hidayat, Ajrin
Primary Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol. 1 No. 5 (2025): Primary Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, October 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Publikasi Ilmiah Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70716/pjmr.v1i5.294

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most significant milestones in modern technological development, enabling physical devices to connect to the internet and communicate with each other automatically. The emergence of IoT introduces a new paradigm in everyday life, from smart homes and smart cities to integrated transportation systems and digital healthcare services. This integration not only enhances convenience but also improves efficiency in terms of energy, time, and cost. In the industrial sector, IoT is a key driver of Industry 4.0, where automation and real-time data analysis enhance productivity and product quality. In healthcare, IoT applications allow remote patient monitoring through wearable devices connected to medical systems, supporting faster and more effective healthcare services. Meanwhile, in agriculture, IoT contributes to precision farming by monitoring soil moisture, temperature, and nutrient requirements, ultimately increasing crop yields in a sustainable manner. Nevertheless, the development of IoT also presents serious challenges, particularly regarding cybersecurity, data privacy, and the readiness of network infrastructure across different regions. Without proper regulations and clear security standards, IoT utilization may lead to significant risks. Therefore, collaboration among governments, industries, and academia is necessary to design sustainable, secure, and inclusive IoT development strategies. With the right approach, IoT has the potential to become one of the main pillars in building a digital ecosystem that supports a fully connected life in the future.
Analisis Efektivitas Program Insentif Pajak terhadap Daya Saing UMKM Utari, Mardian; Salsabila, Laila Syakila; Maemunah, Maemunah
Primary Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol. 1 No. 5 (2025): Primary Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, October 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Publikasi Ilmiah Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70716/pjmr.v1i5.297

Abstract

Tax incentive programs are one of the fiscal policies implemented by the government to support the growth of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of tax incentive programs in enhancing MSMEs’ competitiveness, particularly in terms of business sustainability, productivity improvement, and market expansion. The research method employed is a descriptive quantitative approach by collecting data through questionnaires and interviews with MSME actors registered in [region name]. Data analysis was conducted using simple linear regression to determine the influence of tax incentives on MSME competitiveness indicators. The results indicate that tax incentive programs have a positive and significant impact on increasing MSME competitiveness. Incentives such as reduced tax rates and deferred payments have been proven to provide wider financial space for MSMEs to increase production capacity, improve product quality, and expand marketing networks. However, the effectiveness of this program still faces challenges, such as the low level of MSME taxpayers’ understanding of tax regulations and limited access to information regarding tax incentives. In conclusion, tax incentive programs are effective in improving MSME competitiveness but must be accompanied by efforts to increase tax literacy and more intensive assistance from tax authorities. The recommendation of this study is the need for synergy between the government, tax consultants, and financial institutions to create a highly competitive MSME ecosystem in the globalization era.
Hubungan Jumlah Pasien yang Dirawat dengan Tingkat Kelelahan Perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap Luthfi, Novi; Ahmad, Dalel; Untari, Dewi
Primary Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol. 1 No. 5 (2025): Primary Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, October 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Publikasi Ilmiah Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70716/pjmr.v1i5.298

Abstract

Work fatigue is one of the common problems experienced by nurses, especially in inpatient wards with high workloads. The number of patients being cared for may affect the level of fatigue, as more patients lead to greater responsibilities for nurses. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the number of patients cared for and the level of nurse fatigue in inpatient wards. This research used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 60 nurses working in inpatient wards, selected using purposive sampling. The research instrument was a work fatigue questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that most nurses who handled patients beyond the standard ratio experienced moderate to high levels of fatigue. Statistical analysis indicated a significant relationship between the number of patients cared for and the level of nurse fatigue (p < 0.05). This finding suggests that the more patients a nurse cares for, the higher the level of fatigue experienced. In conclusion, the number of patients being cared for has a significant impact on nurse fatigue levels. Therefore, hospital management is expected to consider the nurse-to-patient ratio to maintain service quality and safeguard the health of nurses.
Pengaruh Konseling Antenatal terhadap Kepatuhan Pemeriksaan Kehamilan Martha, Rizkika; Wulandari, Rini; Pertiwi, Inda
Primary Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol. 1 No. 5 (2025): Primary Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, October 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Publikasi Ilmiah Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70716/pjmr.v1i5.299

Abstract

Pregnancy is a physiological process accompanied by physical and psychological changes that require special attention to maintain the health of both mother and fetus. Antenatal care (ANC) is a health service aimed at early detection of risk factors, preventing complications, and preparing mothers for childbirth and the postpartum period. Although ANC has become a standard health service, many pregnant women are still noncompliant with recommended schedules, due to limited knowledge, low awareness, or lack of adequate information and support from health professionals.Antenatal counseling is an effective communication approach provided by health workers to improve understanding, motivation, and awareness among pregnant women in maintaining their health during pregnancy. This study aims to analyze the effect of antenatal counseling on compliance with antenatal care visits. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test in the intervention group. The study sample consisted of pregnant women in the first to third trimester who met the inclusion criteria, totaling XX respondents, selected using purposive sampling. Data collection instruments included a compliance questionnaire and ANC records from maternal and child health books.The results showed a significant increase in compliance with antenatal care after antenatal counseling was given, with a p-value < 0.05. Pregnant women who received counseling demonstrated better understanding of ANC importance, greater motivation to attend according to schedule, and more positive attitudes toward pregnancy care. These findings confirm that antenatal counseling is an effective intervention to improve maternal compliance with ANC visits.Therefore, this study recommends that health professionals, particularly midwives, enhance the quality and frequency of antenatal counseling as part of routine maternal care. Such efforts are expected to reduce noncompliance rates, enable earlier risk detection, and ultimately decrease maternal and infant morbidity and mortality rates.

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