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Law Research Review Quarterly
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27163415     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/snh
Core Subject : Education, Social,
Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
The Law Research Review Quarterly has a history and rich vein of legal scholarship, especially for law student, combining distinct publication on the law of Indonesia, as well as Southeast Asia, and prominence within the Faculty of Law Universitas Negeri Semarang, with leading contributions to the discussion and shaping of law across the civil law world and further afield.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 249 Documents
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The Legality of Copyright of Artificial Intelligence Video Works on the SORA Platform Under Intellectual Property Law Vincentius Pieter Noehveltino Bonitu Suri; Andry Setiawan
Law Research Review Quarterly Vol. 12 No. 5 (2026): Special Edition Part 1
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/lrrq.v12i5.53989

Abstract

The rapid emergence of Generative artificial intelligence, particularly the Sora platform's text-to-video capabilities, presents unprecedented challenges to the anthropocentric foundations of Indonesian copyright law. The main problem lies in the legal vacuum regarding the authorship and originality of AI-generated videos, as traditional frameworks strictly require a human's personal touch and intellectual contribution. This research aims to analyze the copyright legality of Sora-generated videos under Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright, compare the regulatory approaches of the United States and China, and evaluate the juridical consequences of this legal vacuum on the creative industry. This study employs a normative legal research method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The findings reveal that under Indonesian law, videos generated purely by AI operate outside the scope of copyright and fall into the Public Domain unless a substantial human intervention is proven. Comparatively, the US strictly denies AI authorship based on the idea-expression dichotomy, whereas China progressively recognizes complex prompt engineering as a protectable human intellectual investment. The study concludes that Indonesia must navigate a middle-ground approach by officially recognizing the category of "AI-assisted Works." To prevent industry disruption such as copyright trolling and the spread of low-quality content, the government is urged to update current regulations and establish a specific verification test that requires creators to submit evidence of their iterative creative process and editorial control as a prerequisite for copyright protection.
Reconceptualizing of Bank Liability for Customer Losses Resulting from Social Engineering Through the Doctrine of Strict Liability and the Reversal of the Burden of Proof Based on the Cheapest Cost Avoider Principle to Ensure Equality of Arms Rizkya Wina Yahriza Pohan; Zahra Arya Zaura; Louis Venansius; Arsyah Wijaya; Muhammad Fauzi Rais Lutfi
Law Research Review Quarterly Vol. 12 No. 6 (2026): Special Edition Part 2
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/lrrq.v12i6.54151

Abstract

The rapid digitalization of banking services in Indonesia has generated a significant surge in social engineering fraud, with 99 percent of banking fraud cases attributable to psychological manipulation. This study aims to reconceptualize bank liability for customer losses arising from social engineering-based OTP fraud and to reconstruct the burden of proof mechanism in civil procedural law to guarantee equality of arms. This research employs a normative legal methodology with a qualitative approach, utilizing statutory, conceptual, and case analysis perspectives. Primary legal materials include relevant legislation and financial authority regulations, while secondary materials consist of legal doctrine, academic journals, and prior scholarly works. The findings reveal two principal conclusions. First, transactions resulting from social engineering contain Wilsgebreken under Article 1321 of the Civil Code, as customer authorization is obtained through psychological manipulation rather than free will. Reconceptualizing bank liability under strict liability is justified through the Cheapest Cost Avoider doctrine, which allocates responsibility to banks as the most efficient party to prevent losses, and through fiduciary duty, which obliges banks to actively protect customers from predictable digital risks. Second, conventional proof mechanisms based on Actori Incumbit Probatio violate equality of arms, as all forensic evidence is held exclusively by banks. A three-tier burden-shifting mechanism is proposed: customers establish a Prima Facie threshold, the burden shifts to banks to prove system integrity and compliance with duty of care, and courts conduct substantive material truth examination. Regulatory harmonization across the Financial Services Authority, Bank Indonesia, and the judiciary is essential for effective implementation.
Legal Protection for Consumers for Nonconformity of Wedding Organizer Services Syarah Adilla Imon
Law Research Review Quarterly Vol. 12 No. 5 (2026): Special Edition Part 1
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/lrrq.v12i5.55631

Abstract

The wedding organizer (WO) service industry in Indonesia is growing rapidly in line with the high public demand for professional wedding planning. However, the increase in the use of WO services is also accompanied by various legal problems, especially the incompatibility between the promised services and the services actually provided to consumers. This research endeavors to scrutinize the framework of legal protection afforded to consumers regarding the non-conformity of wedding organizer services and the ensuing liability of business actors, utilizing the specific case of Wedding Organizer Ayu Puspita Sejahtera. The methodologies employed comprise normative legal research, integrating a statute approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach. Legal data utilized encompasses primary sources namely statutes and regulations alongside secondary sources, including academic literature and scientific journals, supplemented by tertiary materials. The empirical findings reveal that consumers aggrieved by the non-conformity of WO services are granted legal safeguards via Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection (UUPK) and the Civil Code (KUHPerdata). Pursuant to Article 4 of the UUPK, consumers possess an inherent right to receive services aligning with the promised exchange rate, obtain accurate and truthful information, and secure equitable compensation for any losses sustained. The liability of business actors of WO Ayu Puspita Sejahtera can be qualified as a default based on Article 1238 and Article 1243 of the Civil Code, as well as a violation of the obligations of business actors as stipulated in Article 7 and Article 19 of the Civil Code. This study concludes that the sectoral regulatory gap for wedding organizers in Indonesia weakens the legal position of consumers and makes it difficult to prove service non-conformity, so special regulations are needed that regulate the minimum standards of wedding organizer services to provide certainty and legal justice for consumers.
Judicial Pardon Implementation under The  2023 Indonesian Criminal Code: Regulatory Analysis and Juridical Implications Feby Reski Utami; Litya Surisdani Anggraeniko; M. Reyhan Aldabena
Law Research Review Quarterly Vol. 12 No. 6 (2026): Special Edition Part 2
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/lrrq.v12i6.57773

Abstract

The enactment of the new Criminal Code (Law Number 1 of 2023) introduces a significant reform to Indonesia's sentencing system by explicitly regulating of Judicial Pardon. This concept empowers judges to refrain from imposing a criminal penalty or measure on a defendant proven guilty of a criminal act, based on considerations of justice and humanity. This study aims to conduct a constructive legal analysis of Judicial Pardon within the new Criminal Code, examining the limits of judicial discretion in its application and the legal implications for harmonizing legal certainty with substantive justice. The study employs a normative legal research methodology, utilizing statutory, conceptual, and literature review approaches. The findings indicate that the explicit inclusion of Judicial Pardon in the new Criminal Code represents a paradigm shift from formal legalism toward substantive justice, achieved through the application of principles such as the individualization of sentencing and restorative justice. However, the lack of clear normative parameters in Article 54 paragraph (2) of the Code creates a potential risk of sentencing disparities, the abuse of judicial discretion, and compromised legal certainty. Therefore, clear boundaries are required, grounded in the principles of proportionality and propriety, as well as the harmonization of the Criminal Code with the Criminal Procedure Code and the Law on Judicial Power to ensure that Judicial Pardon functions as an instrument of substantive justice without undermining legal certainty or judicial accountability.
Juridical Analysis of the Application of the Precautionary Principle in Business Contracts for the Utilization of Natural Resources in the Mining Sector Devi Mutiara Sanni
Law Research Review Quarterly Vol. 12 No. 5 (2026): Special Edition Part 1
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/lrrq.v12i5.58181

Abstract

The application of the precautionary principle in the management of natural resources constitutes an essential aspect in ensuring the achievement of sustainable development. This principle requires the adoption of preventive measures in every activity that has the potential to cause environmental damage. This research aims to analyze the application of the precautionary principle in business contracts within the mining sector and its implications for environmental protection and legal certainty. The research method employed is normative juridical, utilizing a statutory approach. Legal sources were obtained through the study of legislation, legal doctrines, and academic literature. The findings indicate that, in practice, mining business contracts in Indonesia remain primarily focused on commercial aspects and have not yet fully internalized the precautionary principle. This condition results in weak environmental protection and potential long-term socio-ecological losses. The study recommends the construction of contracts that incorporate the precautionary principle as a normative standard, so that contracts function not only as private agreements but also as preventive legal instruments to support environmental protection and sustainable development.
NOTARY/LAND DEED OFFICIALS RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE DRAFTING OF A HOUSE SALE AND PURCHASE DEED USING A FAKE DIVORCE DEED BY THE APPEARERS SHARINA AGGRABANU
Law Research Review Quarterly Vol. 12 No. 6 (2026): Special Edition Part 2
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/lrrq.v12i6.58374

Abstract

This article examines the legal responsibility of a notary who concurrently acts as a Land Deed Official in the making of a house sale and purchase deed based on a forged divorce certificate submitted by an appearer. The main issue arises when the forged document is used to avoid spousal consent over joint marital property, while the identity card records the seller as divorced. The research applies normative juridical method supported by statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches. The analysis shows that the authenticity of a deed must be separated from the validity of the underlying legal act. A deed made by an authorized official may retain formal authenticity, yet the sale and purchase may be annulled when the seller lacks authority to dispose of joint property. The notary/Land Deed Officials is not a guarantor of all material truth, but the office requires reasonable verification of identity, marital status, court authority, land documents, and visible irregularities. Civil liability arises when negligence, loss, and causality are proven. Criminal liability requires knowledge, intent, or participation in the use of forged documents. Administrative and ethical sanctions may follow when professional prudence is ignored. This article proposes an integrated verification standard involving courts, civil registration offices, and land offices to protect parties and officials who act in good faith.
Juridical Analysis of Fiduciary Security over Crypto Assets: Reconstructing Possession, Enforcement Mechanisms, and the Urgency of a Central Custodian in Ensuring Certainty of Collateral Value Devi Mutiara Sanni
Law Research Review Quarterly Vol. 12 No. 6 (2026): Special Edition Part 2
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/lrrq.v12i6.58860

Abstract

The development of crypto assets as part of the digital economic transformation has generated new legal implications within Indonesia’s secured transactions framework, particularly concerning their potential use as objects of fiduciary security. This study aims to analyze the mechanisms of possession and execution of fiduciary security over crypto assets under the Indonesian legal system and to examine the urgency of establishing a central custodian to ensure legal certainty and the stability of the collateral value. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches. Legal materials were obtained through library research on legislation, legal literature, and previous studies, which were analyzed qualitatively and prescriptively. The findings indicate that crypto assets juridically satisfy the characteristics of intangible movable property possessing economic value and, therefore, may theoretically serve as objects of fiduciary security. However, the existing fiduciary security regime has not adequately accommodated the decentralized nature of blockchain technology, particularly with regard to digital possession based on private keys, mechanisms for digital seizure, and the execution of security interests over crypto assets. Furthermore, the high volatility of crypto asset values and the absence of a centralized controlling authority create risks to collateral value certainty and creditor protection. Accordingly, legal reconstruction is required through regulatory reform and the establishment of a central custodian as a digital asset custodial institution responsible for ensuring control, supervision, value stability, and the effective execution of fiduciary security involving crypto assets. KEYWORDSFiduciary Security; Crypto Assets; Central Custodian.
Juridical Review of Singer’s Voice Publicity Rights in AI Use on Digital Media Platform Sisca Mustika Tiara; Andry Setiawan
Law Research Review Quarterly Vol. 12 No. 6 (2026): Special Edition Part 2
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/lrrq.v12i6.59280

Abstract

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed the creative industry. One emerging phenomenon is the use of AI voice cloning technology, which enables the replication of singer's voices without the direct involvement or consent of the original voice owners. This practice raises complex legal issues, particularly concerning the protection of singer's right of publicity as part of their personal and commercial identity. This study examines two primary issues: the juridical review of singer's right of publicity in Indonesia and the forms of legal liability arising from the use of AI on digital media platforms. This research employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, utilizing primary legal materials in the form of relevant legislation and secondary legal materials derived from legal literature and scientific journals. The results indicate that Indonesia has not yet explicitly regulated the protection of singer's voices as an object of right of publicity. However, legal protection may be afforded through the analogy of existing regulations, namely the Copyright Law (UUHC), the Personal Data Protection Law (UU PDP), and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE), as well as through civil liability mechanisms, including cease and desist notices (somasi) and tort claims based on PMH in accordance with the applicable legal provisions. Given the absence of specific regulations governing publicity rights, amendments to the Copyright Law (UUHC) are necessary to ensure effective legal protection and legal certainty for stakeholders in the creative industry, particularly singers, in the era of artificial intelligence.
Legal Analysis of Marine Space Utilization for Tin Mining Based on Total Suspended Solids at Rebo Beach, Bangka Astriyani; Veni Gambini Tampubolon; Zahra Syifa Alamsyah; Rezha Yusa Andika Andika
Law Research Review Quarterly Vol. 12 No. 6 (2026): Special Edition Part 2
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/lrrq.v12i6.59634

Abstract

Tin mining on Rebo Beach, Bangka Regency, has triggered conflicts over marine space use and caused significant degradation of the coastal ecosystem. This unauthorized tin mining (PETI) encroaches on an area legally designated for marine tourism development under Bangka Belitung Islands Provincial Regulation No. 3 of 2020. This study was conducted to analyze spatial use inconsistencies and measure their impact on coral reef degradation. The method used is an interdisciplinary normative-empirical approach that integrates legal approaches (Statute, Case, and Conceptual Approaches) with oceanographic analysis (Spatial Evidence Approach), based on spatiotemporal satellite data and field surveys, as scientific evidence of the impacts of tin mining on Rebo Beach. The research results indicate multidimensional inconsistencies in marine spatial use, encompassing spatial function, zoning, legality, and ecological aspects due to the absence of a Marine Spatial Planning Permit (KKPRL), Mining Business License (IUP), and Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL). Sedimentation from mining tailings has driven TSS levels to 63 mg/L in 2024, exceeding the 20 mg/L threshold for coral reef waters under Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021. Monsoon dynamics trap suspended sediments in the nearshore zone, reducing light penetration and contributing to coral mortality in 2024. Addressing coastal degradation requires strengthening ecosystem-based marine spatial planning through KKPRL review, technology-based spatial monitoring, diversification of the blue economy, strict law enforcement, and environmental restoration obligations.

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