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Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Clinical Bacterial Isolates at the East Kalimantan Provincial Health Laboratory, 2024 Rahmadi, Rahmadi; Ningsih, Riyan; Sedionoto, Blego
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background: The increasing incidence of infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria has become a serious public health problem in Indonesia; however, data on resistance patterns in Kalimantan Timur, particularly Samarinda, remain limited. Objective: This study aimed to describe the antimicrobial resistance patterns of clinical bacterial isolates examined at the East Kalimantan Provincial Health Laboratory in 2024. Methods: This study employed a descriptive observational design using secondary data from culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing results of 201 clinical bacterial isolates collected from January to December 2024. Data were analyzed descriptively through tabulation and percentage distribution. Results: Among all positive isolates (n = 201), 54.4% were Gram-negative and 45.6% were Gram positive bacteria. The most frequently identified bacteria were Escherichia coli (24.4%), followed by Staphylococcus haemolyticus (7.0%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.0%). Susceptibility testing revealed that E. coli showed high sensitivity to meropenem (98%) and amikacin (100%), whereas Staphylococcus aureus exhibited 30.8% resistance to oxacillin, indicating the presence of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The predominant resistance mechanisms detected included β-lactamase production (21.7%), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL, 40.6%), and MRSA (37.7%). Conclusion: Antimicrobial resistance based on bacterial isolates examined at the East Kalimantan Provincial Health Laboratory demonstrated a wide variation in antibiotic susceptibility patterns. These findings provide an initial overview of resistance conditions in Samarinda and can serve as a foundation for the implementation of continuous antimicrobial resistance surveillance.

Stop Ngebul Putri, Sabila Zahra Amalia; Ramadhani, Muhammad Fharid; Azizah, Nur; Aulia, Nasywa; Makmjur, Nindha Aulia; Pardede, Maura Aurellia Founna; Badrah, Sitti
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan pengumpulan data selama kegiatan Pengalaman Belajar Lapangan (PBL), ditemukan bahwa sebagian besar warga masih melakukan pembakaran sampah di pekarangan rumah karena minimnya akses tempat pembuangan akhir (TPA) dan belum adanya sistem pengelolaan sampah terpadu. Kondisi ini diperparah dengan minimnya pengetahuan masyarakat terkait dampak kesehatan dan lingkungan akibat pembakaran sampah. Selain mencemari udara, asap hasil pembakaran juga berisiko memperburuk kualitas hidup warga, terutama anak-anak dan lansia yang lebih rentan terhadap polusi udara. Objective : masyarakat dapat mulai mengubah kebiasaan membakar sampah dan mencari alternatif pengelolaan sampah yang lebih ramah lingkungan. THE 4TH MULAWARMAN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TROPICAL PUBLIC HEALTH (MICTOPH) 2025 Results : Pelaksanaan program Stop Ngebul di RT 08–16 Dusun Mekar Jaya berhasil memberikan dampak nyata terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat tentang bahaya pembakaran sampah. Sebelum intervensi, sebagian besar warga masih membakar sampah karena minimnya fasilitas dan kurangnya pemahaman tentang dampak kesehatannya. Setelah dilakukan penyuluhan, kampanye visual, dan kegiatan bersih desa, hasil post-test menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan dari 77,8% menjadi 97,8%, disertai perubahan perilaku warga yang mulai memilah sampah dan berkomitmen menjaga kebersihan lingkungan. Peran aktif tokoh masyarakat turut memperkuat keberhasilan program dalam mendorong partisipasi warga. Meskipun masih terdapat kendala berupa belum tersedianya Tempat Pengelolaan Sampah (TPS) dan belum meratanya penerapan pemilahan sampah di rumah, program ini terbukti efektif meningkatkan kesadaran dan menjadi contoh intervensi lingkungan berbasis masyarakat yang dapat diterapkan di wilayah lain dengan kondisi serupa. Keyword : Cadres; Posyandu; Elderly; Posbindu; Knowledge; Skills. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Program "Stop Ngebul" berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang dampak negatif pembakaran sampah serta pentingnya pengelolaan sampah yang berkelanjutan. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan skor post-test pada seluruh indikator pengetahuan yang diberikan. Penyuluhan, kampanye visual, dan keterlibatan tokoh masyarakat berperan penting dalam efektivitas program. Namun, tantangan utama yang dihadapi adalah belum tersedianya Tempat Pengelolaan Sampah (TPS) dan belum meratanya penerapan kebiasaan memilah sampah di rumah. Oleh karena itu, disarankan agar pemerintah desa dapat menyediakan sarana pengelolaan sampah yang memadai dan berkelanjutan, serta mengadakan pelatihan lanjutan guna memperkuat perilaku ramah lingkungan di masyarakat.

Health Behaviour in Family Planning Service Utilization and Policy Implications for Health Promotion in Indonesia. Sulkhi, Muhammad Ragil Dzihnu; Rohmah, Nur; Ardianto, Ratno
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : The utilization of modern contraceptive methods has shown little improvement over the past decade. This stagnation indicating that barriers to Family Planning (FP) utilization may be rooted not merely in awareness or attitudes, but in access and service constraints within the health system. Objective : this study aims to examine the determinants of access and service barriers to family planning utilization in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This study is a cross-sectional design utilizing secondary data from the Indonesian Family Data Updating Survey 2024. A total of 217536 married women of reproductive age (15-49 years old) were included. Independent variables were age, marriage age, education level, insurance status, employment status, and ideal number of child. Dependent variable were barriers to family planning service. Chi-Square tests and Logistic Regression were included. Results : Of the 217,536 married women of reproductive age, the majority of respondents reported barriers categorized as non-access (57.4%) and (42.0%), only 0.6% reporting access barriers. Bivariate analysis established that all factors examined were significantly associated with the type of reported barriers. Service barriers were strongly determined by women aged 35–49 years (OR = 5.266), no formal education (OR = 1.155), informal occupation (OR = 1.178), and desiring more than two children (OR = 1.659). Access barriers was influenced by uninsured women (OR = 1.754) and no formal education (OR = 2.526). Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Policy interventions that enhance the availability, affordability, and quality of contraceptive services is essential to help the Indonesian Government designing integrated contraceptive programs to reduce inequalities in access and service barriers.

Effectiveness and Side Effects of Natural and Modern Contraceptives in Multiparous Indonesian Families: Systematic Review Purnama, Shalvira; Pratiwi, Saufa Ayudia; Pakendek, Vincent Christopher; Ramadhani, Tsabitha; Rachman, Muhammad Awaludin; Nisa', Arroyyani Shofiatun; Syafa'at, Arifin Ilham; De Rozari, Theodorus Sebastian; Shabrina, Maryam; Yasmine, Syarifah Saniinah; Rahma, Khairunnida
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Family planning enables couples to regulate childbirth and improve reproductive health. This systematic literature review compares the effectiveness and side effects of natural and modern contraceptive methods among multiparous families in Indonesia. The review followed the PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were conducted through ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar using the keywords "natural contraception," "modern contraception," "multiparity," "effectiveness," and "side effects." Nineteen articles published between 2015 and 2025 were analyzed. Findings indicate that modern contraceptive methods such as intrauterine devices (IUDs), implants, injections, pills, and surgical procedures (MOW and MOP) have higher effectiveness rates (98–99%) compared to natural methods including the calendar, cervical mucus, and withdrawal techniques (70– 95%). However, modern methods are often associated with minor side effects, such as menstrual irregularities, weight changes, and mood fluctuations, while serious complications are rare. Natural methods are generally free from physical side effects but carry a higher failure rate if not practiced consistently. Social, cultural, and economic factors strongly influence contraceptive choice among multiparous families. Although modern contraception is more effective, stigma, misinformation, and limited accessibility continue to hinder optimal utilization. Further large-scale analytical studies are required to assess long-term safety and to identify contextual factors that influence contraceptive decision-making in Indonesia.

Health Impacts Quality of Life in Communities Affected by Coal Mining in Kutai Kartanegara Barkati, Rahmat; Anggraeni, Ike; Nurrachmawati, Annnisa
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : The impacts of coal mining activities on the quality of life in surrounding communities, specifically focusing on employment opportunities, income perceptions, health security, and infrastructure. Objective : The primary goal is to understand how these factors influence the overall well-being of residents in mining-affected areas, providing valuable insights for sustainable community development and policy-making Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 300 respondents from three villages near mining operations in Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan, using structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to explore the relationships between various social determinants and health outcomes. The study also examined environmental factors, such as air and water quality, through laboratory testing Results : The findings highlight significant variations in the perceptions of the local community regarding the benefits and challenges posed by mining activities. Employment opportunities and income were generally viewed positively, while concerns about environmental pollution and housing affordability were prevalent. These results underscore the need for targeted interventions to improve health security and infrastructure in mining communities. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : While coal mining has contributed to economic opportunities for some, it has also introduced challenges related to environmental health and living conditions. The study highlights the need for improved environmental management, better health services, and policies that address housing affordability. These findings emphasize the importance of balancing economic development with community health and well-being in mining regions.

Analysis of Hypertension, Smoking, Family History, and Obesity as Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease at the Kesdim Military Hospital Samarinda Kurnia, Intan; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Azmiardi, Akhmad
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Stunting remains a significant chronic nutritional problem in Indonesia, particularly among children born to adolescent mothers. These young mothers often face limitations in nutritional knowledge, lower health literacy, and suboptimal reproductive preparedness, which collectively increase the risk of stunting in their children. Objective : This study aimed to conduct a review to determine the association between adolescent mothers’ nutritional knowledge and the incidence of stunting in toddlers, and to identify the contributing factors. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This was a systematic review conducting following the PRISMA guidelines and utilizing the Population, Concept, and Context (PCC) framework. Articles were collected through searching the Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Crossref databases for studies up to October 2025. Two reviewers independently screened and included full- text article that examined Mothers Knowledge and stunting, focusing on the concept of knowledge, adolescent mother, and stunting. Results : A review included five articles. Adolescent mothers’ knowledge had a significant association with the incidence of stunting. This association was often strengthened by confounding factors such as socio-economic status, low education levels, limited access to healthcare services, and inadequate childcare practices. Several studies found that improving maternal nutritional literacy and initiating early prenatal care can effectively reduce the risk of stunting in children. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Low nutritional knowledge among adolescent mothers is confirmed as an important determinant of stunting in toddlers. Intervention efforts need to be focused on enhancing the education and nutritional literacy of adolescent girls through structured programs, including school-based education, adolescent mother classes in community health centers (Puskesmas), and targeted community campaigns. The integrated approach is crucial to break the intergenerational cycle of stunting and foster the development of quality human resources.

Determinants of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Compliance and Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Risk Management Mustika, Mustika; Lestari, Ida Ayu Indira Dwika; Ramdan, Iwan muhammad; Sultan, Muhammad
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Occupational accidents remain a major global issue, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia. Compliance with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and effective Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) risk management are key strategies to reduce workplace hazards. However, studies show that compliance levels vary widely, influenced by individual, organizational, and technical factors. Objective : This literature review aims to synthesize findings from five empirical and analytical studies related to PPE compliance and OHS risk management in multiple work contexts, including construction, laboratory, and emergency services. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A narrative synthesis was conducted based on five peer-reviewed studies published between 2021–2025. Articles were selected using inclusion criteria: (1) focus on PPE compliance or OHS risk management, (2) based on empirical data, (3) conducted in Indonesia. Extracted data included study design, population, key variables, and findings. Results : Knowledge, attitude, and availability of PPE consistently emerged as significant determinants of compliance across studies. Organizational factors such as policy, supervision, and training quality also affected compliance. However, inconsistencies were found regarding the impact of work tenure and training. Technical and administrative controls, as emphasized in laboratory-based studies, complemented behavioral aspects but were rarely integrated into behavioral research frameworks. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : PPE compliance is a multifactorial issue driven by behavioral, organizational, and technical determinants. Future research should adopt integrative and experimental designs to assess causal relationships, evaluate training effectiveness, and connect risk management practices with worker behavior.

: Stunting Among School-Aged Children in West Bandung: Social Determinants from a Locus Area Perspective Kumalasari, Isti; Amrinanto, Ahmad Hisbullah
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Stunting remains a significant chronic nutritional problem in Indonesia, particularly among children born to adolescent mothers. These young mothers often face limitations in nutritional knowledge, lower health literacy, and suboptimal reproductive preparedness, which collectively increase the risk of stunting in their children. Objective : This study aimed to conduct a review to determine the association between adolescent mothers’ nutritional knowledge and the incidence of stunting in toddlers, and to identify the contributing factors. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This was a systematic review conducting following the PRISMA guidelines and utilizing the Population, Concept, and Context (PCC) framework. Articles were collected through searching the Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Crossref databases for studies up to October 2025. Two reviewers independently screened and included full- text article that examined Mothers Knowledge and stunting, focusing on the concept of knowledge, adolescent mother, and stunting. Results : A review included five articles. Adolescent mothers’ knowledge had a significant association with the incidence of stunting. This association was often strengthened by confounding factors such as socio-economic status, low education levels, limited access to healthcare services, and inadequate childcare practices. Several studies found that improving maternal nutritional literacy and initiating early prenatal care can effectively reduce the risk of stunting in children. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Low nutritional knowledge among adolescent mothers is confirmed as an important determinant of stunting in toddlers. Intervention efforts need to be focused on enhancing the education and nutritional literacy of adolescent girls through structured programs, including school-based education, adolescent mother classes in community health centers (Puskesmas), and targeted community campaigns. The integrated approach is crucial to break the intergenerational cycle of stunting and foster the development of quality human resources.

Study of Waiting Times and Outpatient Visit Rates for BPJS and Non BPJS Patients at the East Kalimantan Provincial Eye Hospital Sinar, Sinar; Adrianto, Ratno
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Hospital service waiting time is the time required from the time a patient registers until they are served by a specialist. The minimum outpatient waiting time standard is ≤ 60 minutes, but most patients exceed it. This long waiting time can result in decreased patient satisfaction and the risk of a decrease in the number of visitors. Objective : The aim to determine the waiting time for services and the number of visits by BPJS and non-BPJS participants at the East Kalimantan Provincial Eye Hospital. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This study was descriptive, with data sources from the Eye Hospital Information System. Analysis is carried out by presenting tables, graphs, and in- depth explanations. Results : Most patient service waiting times were more than 60 minutes, with a percentage ranging from 45.9% to 85.2%. From February to April 2025, there was an increase, then a decrease, and then an increase again in August 2025. In August 2025, the waiting time was the highest, with 1,883 people (85.2%). And the highest number of visits occurred in July 2025, with 2,514 people, comprising 2,319 (88.71%) BPJS participants and 295 (11.29%) non-BPJS patients. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : that patient waiting times exceeding 60 minutes were recorded for 75.3% of BPJS participants, while the average for non-BPJS patients was 55.3%. Meanwhile, patient visits from January to August 2025 increased by 2021.9 per month.

Food Insecurity, Diet Quality, and Health among Urban Households in Slum Areas of Samarinda: A Multi-Instrument Study Anshory, Jamil; Kurniasari, Lia; Satriani, Satriani; Kadir, Marniati
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Stunting remains a significant chronic nutritional problem in Indonesia, particularly among children born to adolescent mothers. These young mothers often face limitations in nutritional knowledge, lower health literacy, and suboptimal reproductive preparedness, which collectively increase the risk of stunting in their children. Objective : This study aimed to conduct a review to determine the association between adolescent mothers’ nutritional knowledge and the incidence of stunting in toddlers, and to identify the contributing factors. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This was a systematic review conducting following the PRISMA guidelines and utilizing the Population, Concept, and Context (PCC) framework. Articles were collected through searching the Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Crossref databases for studies up to October 2025. Two reviewers independently screened and included full- text article that examined Mothers Knowledge and stunting, focusing on the concept of knowledge, adolescent mother, and stunting. Results : A review included five articles. Adolescent mothers’ knowledge had a significant association with the incidence of stunting. This association was often strengthened by confounding factors such as socio-economic status, low education levels, limited access to healthcare services, and inadequate childcare practices. Several studies found that improving maternal nutritional literacy and initiating early prenatal care can effectively reduce the risk of stunting in children. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Low nutritional knowledge among adolescent mothers is confirmed as an important determinant of stunting in toddlers. Intervention efforts need to be focused on enhancing the education and nutritional literacy of adolescent girls through structured programs, including school-based education, adolescent mother classes in community health centers (Puskesmas), and targeted community campaigns. The integrated approach is crucial to break the intergenerational cycle of stunting and foster the development of quality human resources.

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Contact Name
MUHAMAD ZAKKI SAEFURROHIM

Contact Email
saefurrohim@fkm.unmul.ac.id

Phone
+6287710112314

Journal Mail Official
saefurrohim@fkm.unmul.ac.id

Editorial Address
Gedung IsDB FKM Jl. Sambaliung, Gn. Kelua, Kec. Samarinda Utara, Kota Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur 75119

Location
Kota samarinda,

Kalimantan timur

INDONESIA

Abstract

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name MUHAMAD ZAKKI SAEFURROHIM

Contact Email saefurrohim@fkm.unmul.ac.id

Phone +6287710112314

Journal Mail Official saefurrohim@fkm.unmul.ac.id

Editorial Address Gedung IsDB FKM Jl. Sambaliung, Gn. Kelua, Kec. Samarinda Utara, Kota Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur 75119

Location Kota samarinda, Kalimantan timur INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

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Abstract

Contact Name
MUHAMAD ZAKKI SAEFURROHIM

Contact Email
saefurrohim@fkm.unmul.ac.id

Phone
+6287710112314

Journal Mail Official
saefurrohim@fkm.unmul.ac.id

Editorial Address
Gedung IsDB FKM Jl. Sambaliung, Gn. Kelua, Kec. Samarinda Utara, Kota Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur 75119

Location
Kota samarinda,

Kalimantan timur

INDONESIA