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Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 19077505     EISSN : 24600601     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/kesmas
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
The focus of Kesmas is on public health as discipline and practices related to preventive and promotive measures to enhance the public health through a scientific approach applying a variety of technique. This focus includes areas and scopes such as Biostatistics, Environmental Public Health, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Health Services Research, Nutrition, Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Public Health, Public Health Education and Promotion, Women Health.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 17 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 16, No. 5" : 17 Documents clear
Burundi’s ‘worst enemy’: The country’s fight against COVID-19 Manirambona, Emery; Reddy, Henna; Uwiringiyimana, Emmanuel; Uwizeyimana, Theogene; Kamath, Archith; Parepalli, Sai Arathi; Ruzats, Salvador Sun; Ntacyabukura, Blaise; Islam, Sheikh M. S.; Ahmadi, Attaullah; Lucero-Prisno III, Don E
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 5
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has proved to be a severe global public health threat, causing high infection rates and mortality worldwide. Burundiwas not spared the adverse health outcomes of COVID-19. Although Burundi’s initial response to the COVID-19 pandemic was criticized, hope arose in June2020 when the new government instituted a plan to slow virus transmission that included public health campaigns, international travel restrictions, and masstesting, all of which proved effective. Burundi has faced many challenges in containing the virus, the first of which was the lack of initial preparedness and appropriate response to COVID-19. This was exacerbated by factors including shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE), limited numbers of life-savingventilators (around 12 ventilators as of April 2020), and the presence of only one COVID-19 testing center with less than ten technicians in July 2020.Moreover, as Burundi is amongst the poorest countries in the world, some citizens were unable to access necessities such as water and soap, required forcompliance with government recommendations regarding hygiene. Interestingly, Burundi did not implement a nationwide lockdown, allowing mass gatheringsand public services to continue as usual due to a firm belief in God’s protection. As the daily confirmed cases have tripled since December 2020, Burundi mustprepare itself for the threat of a new wave. Establishing precautionary measures to contain the virus and strengthening the health surveillance system inBurundi would significantly positively impact the prevention and management of COVID-19.
Outdoor Activity: Benefits and Risks to Recreational Runners during the COVID-19 Pandemic Makruf, Aswar; Ramdhan, Doni Hikmat
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 5
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Running has become one of the most popular recreational sports worldwide. It is an easily accessible form of exercise as there are minimal equipment andsport structure requirements. Aerodynamic simulation experiments showed a risk of droplet exposure between runners when two people run in a straight lineat a close distance (slipstream). Thus, running activities require a safe physical distance of 10 meters to avoid droplet exposure, which can be a source oftransmission of COVID-19 infection. However, running outdoors during the COVID-19 pandemic is still often done in pairs and even in groups without wearinga mask. Open window theory stated that changes in the immune system occur immediately after strenuous physical activity. Many immune system componentsshowed adverse changes after prolonged strenuous activity lasting more than 90 minutes. These changes occurred in several parts of the body, such as theskin, upper respiratory tract, lungs, blood, and muscles. Most of these changes reflected physiological stress and immunosuppression. It is thought that an“open window” of the compromised immune system occurs in the 3–72-hour period after vigorous physical exercise, where viruses and bacteria can gain afoothold, increasing the risk of infection, particularly in the upper respiratory tract. Outdoor physical activity positively affects psychological, physiological, biochemical health parameters, and social relationships. However, this activity requires clear rules so that the obtained benefits can be more significant while simultaneously minimizing the risk of transmission of COVID-19 infection.
The Psychological and Sleep-related Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review Solehati, Tetti; Kosasih, Cecep Eli; Hermayanti, Yanti; Mediani, Henny Suzana
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 5
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a global impact on mental health and sleeps quality that is unprecedented in the 21st century.This systematic review aimed to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 and its effect on people’s sleep. Systematic searches were conducted viaPubMed, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest from 2019 to August 2020, following PRISMA guidelines. Articles were selected based on eligibility criteria such as having a cross-sectional study design, assessing the general public’s mental health status or sleep problems, medical workers and non-medical workers duringthe COVID-19 pandemic, and using standardized and validated scales for measurement. The keywords: COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 AND Mental health ORPsychological health AND General population OR General public AND sleep AND Impact of Coronavirus disease 2019. A total of 23 articles were selectedafter being assessed. During the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, medical workers were found to have psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, stress, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), psychological distress, somatization symptoms, suicidal ideation, high risk of severe mental illness, worry, and insomnia. Non-medical workers experienced symptoms of depression. The general public experienced psychological problems: depression, anxiety, stress, bad mood, inability to stop thinking about COVID-19, panic, and experiencing sleep problems such as changing sleep patterns, sleep disturbances, sleep quality, difficulty with sleep initiation, and shortened sleep duration. The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with psychological problems and sleep disorders for medical workers, non-medical workers, and the general public.
COVID-19 and The City: A Healthy City Strategy for Pandemic Challenges, from Planning to Action Hasyim, Hamzah; Dale, Patricia
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 5
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a new coronavirus discovered in 2019. WHO declared COVID-19 is a respiratory disease causedby SARS-CoV-2 as a pandemic that the detection level of cases changed daily, and it can track almost in real-time. This paper used a narrative literaturereview to address issues of urban quality and lack of exercise. The specific aim was to discuss the concept of a healthy city, indicate a new urban model, andadvocate for the increased use of bicycles, outdoor gym/outdoor exercise, walking to reducing pollution, and improving physical, psychological, and social fitness. A healthy city can improve residents’ health by improving conditions of life to face COVID-19 pandemics. It needs the local capacity to prevent thespread of the diseases and design public health concepts concerning the built environment and contemporary towns in a new urban model. Dialogue opportunities in public health can provide essential guidance for designers (architects and town planners), decision-makers, public health experts, and health agencies locally, promoting the actions and policies to transform the city into a healthier neighborhood and salutogenesis.
Impact of Climate Variables on COVID-19 Pandemic in Asia: A Systematic Review Saputra, Yoerdy Agusmal; Susanna, Dewi; Saki, Vernonia Yora
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 5
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

COVID-19 has become a global pandemic and threatens public health systems worldwide. Virus transmission can be influenced by several factors, one ofwhich is climatic conditions. Temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed, and solar radiation play an important role in the transmission of infectious diseases and are variables that can determine the resistance of the SARS virus. This paper aimed to critically assess and provide evidence-based on the impactof climate variables on COVID-19 cases in Asia based on current knowledge to form the basis of guidelines for health care and prevention efforts. This systematic review used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The articles were searched from ProQuest, Scopus,PubMed, and Springerlink databases. The reviewers had screened 2.784 abstracts, 103 full-text publications, and ultimately included 11 systematic reviews. The review found a consistently positive relationship between climate variables and COVID-19. Average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and humidity (r = 0.83, 0.94, 0.93, 0.30) were significantly correlated with COVID-19 cases. Temperature, maximum humidity, and population density (adjusted R2 = 0.53, p<0.05), can be used as references in planning interventions during potential future pandemics. Linear regression framework, high humidity, and high temperature (p<0.05) significantly reduce the transmission of COVID-19. This systematic review shows that climate plays a role in the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Asia.
Preventing and Controlling COVID-19: A Practical-Based Review in Offshore Workplace Sunandar, Hendar; Ramdhan, Doni Hikmat
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 5
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Abstract

An offshore platform is a workplace with complex facilities and limited space due to the complex installed equipment and components. Therefore, the offshoreas enclosed area platform is more likely to have a high risk of COVID-19 outbreak. Furthermore, a company must strictly follow health protocols to preventworkers from being exposed to COVID-19 in the offshore workplace. However, workers are often forced to onboard without proper health protocols becauseof operational needs and production targets. This paper aimed to explore the essence of the steps in preventing and controlling COVID-19 in the offshoreworkplace and the challenges. The analysis found that the company must take preventive measures against COVID-19 before workers are on board and inthe workplace and control it using the hierarchy of control: engineering control, administrative control, and personal protective equipment (PPE).
Economic or Public Health? Southeast Asia’s Tackling of COVID-19 a Year Later Arumsari, Imas; Fauzi, Ridhwan; Maruf, Mohammad Ainul; Bigwanto, Mouhamad
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 5
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The world has been challenged by rapidly spreading COVID-19 outbreaks for a year now. Southeast Asian countries have had different strategies to deal withthe pandemic. This review aimed to elaborate on Southeast Asian countries’ strategies in managing the trade-off between economic and public health, withfurther consideration of how such approaches were associated with the dynamics of the number of cases and the speed of economic recovery. This reviewevaluated the COVID-19 mitigation efforts spanning one year in the Southeast Asian (SEA) countries listed based on the Bloomberg COVID ResilienceRanking. As of May 24, 2021, three SEA countries (Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia) were chosen from the better (27th), moderate (35th), and worst (42nd)SEA country rankings. Peer-reviewed articles were obtained from Google Scholar and PubMed databases, and news articles were retrieved from GoogleNews. The data from government websites were also included. Sources were limited to those in the English and Indonesian languages that could be accessedbetween January 2020 and May 2021. Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia were found to have significantly prioritized consideration of the economy in handlingthe pandemic. Malaysia and Thailand had more stringent policies of imposing national lockdowns, while Indonesia had a partial lockdown. It was found thata weak pandemic response may result in substantial economic loss.

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