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Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 19077505     EISSN : 24600601     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/kesmas
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
The focus of Kesmas is on public health as discipline and practices related to preventive and promotive measures to enhance the public health through a scientific approach applying a variety of technique. This focus includes areas and scopes such as Biostatistics, Environmental Public Health, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Health Services Research, Nutrition, Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Public Health, Public Health Education and Promotion, Women Health.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 14 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 9, No. 3" : 14 Documents clear
Pencegahan Resurgensi Malaria dengan Deteksi Dini dan Pengobatan Segera di Daerah Reseptif Supriyani, Teni; Achmadi, Umar Fahmi; Susanna, Dewi
Kesmas Vol. 9, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Jawa Barat merupakan salah satu wilayah reseptif malaria di Indonesia, khususnya Kabupaten Tasikmalaya bagian selatan. Tahun 2009, 2011, dan 2012 telah terjadi kejadian luar biasa (KLB) terutama di Kecamatan Cineam. Namun, pada tahun 2013 tidak terjadi KLB serupa. Ekosistem Cineam berupa pegunungan dan perkebunan kondusif untuk penularan malaria. Selain itu, banyak penduduk Cineam yang merupakan pekerja migran. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap tidak terjadinya peningkatan kasus (resurgensi) malaria di daerah reseptif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif yang dilakukan pada bulan Juni - Desember 2014, dengan menggunakan sampel seluruh penderita malaria positif di Kecamatan Cineam tahun 2013, yang berjumlah 27 kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua kasus adalah pekerja migran. Secara spasial, ditemukan tempat perkembangbiakan Anopheles tersebar dekat dengan tempat tinggal kasus. Meskipun wilayah Kecamatan Cineam merupakan wilayah kondusif penularan malaria, tidak terjadi penularan horizontal pada tahun 2013. Analisis lebih lanjut mengindikasikan bahwa upaya deteksi dini, pengobatan segera menggunakan protokol standar yang memadai, pemberian obat profilaksis sebelum berangkat, serta penyuluhan intensif kepada masyarakat, dapat menekan timbulnya KLB pada tahun 2013. West Java provinces one of malaria-receptive areas in Indonesia, specifically the south area of Tasikmalaya District. In 2009, 2011 and 2012, there was extraordinary emergence, specifically in Cineam Subdistrict. However, in 2013, there was no any other similar case. Ecosystem of Cineam consisting of mountains and plantations was so conducive for malaria transmission. Moreover, there were many Cineam people as migrant workers. This study aimed to identify factors contributing to malaria resurgence in receptive area. This study was descriptive quantitative conducted on June to December 2014 using sample of all positive malaria patients at Cineam Subsdistrict in 2013 worth 27 case. Results showed that all cases were migrant workers. Spatially there was Anopheles-breeding areas spread closed to the case home. Even though Cineam Subsdistrict region is such a conducive area for malaria transmission, but there was none of any horizontal transmission in 2013. Further analysis indicated that early detection and prompt tratment used adequate standard protocol, prophylactic distribution before departing as well as intensive counseling to public might press extraordinary emergence in 2013.
Diabetes Melitus dan Tingkat Keparahan Jaringan Periodontal Rikawarastuti, Rikawarastuti; Anggreni, Eka; Ngatemi, Ngatemi
Kesmas Vol. 9, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Penyakit periodontal merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan prevalensi cukup tinggi di Indonesia (60%). Diabetes melitus merupakan salah satu faktor predisposisi terjadinya penyakit periodontal. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis hubungan diabetes melitus terhadap tingkat keparahan jaringan periodontal. Jenis penelitian observasional analitik potong lintang. Penelitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Kecamatan Jagakarsa Jakarta Selatan pada bulan Oktober - November 2014 dengan populasi penelitian adalah pengunjung Puskesmas Kecamatan Jagakarsa. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling sebanyak 122 orang. Status diabetes melitus didapat dari rekam medis poli penyakit tidak menular. Analisis data menggunakan kai kuadrat dan regresi logistik sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi penderita diabetes melitus usia > 50 tahun mengalami kerusakan jaringan periodontal yang lebih parah dibandingkan penderita diabetes melitus ≤ 50 tahun. Kelompok diabetes melitus berisiko 3,5 kali mengalami keparahan jaringan periodontal dibandingkan kelompok nondiabetes melitus, OR = 3,505 (1,609 – 7,634), nilai p = 0,002. Kelompok diabetes melitus tidak terkendali berisiko 2,5 kali mengalami keparahan jaringan periodontal dibandingkan kelompok diabetes melitus terkendali, nilai OR = 2,514 (0,892 – 7,085), nilai p = 0,12 disebabkan ukuran sampel terlalu kecil. Penderita diabetes melitus lebih berisiko mengalami keparahan jaringan periodontal dibandingkan dengan nondiabetes melitus. Pada diabetes melitus tidak terkendali, risiko penyakit periodontal semakin tinggi. Periodontal disease is a teeth and oral health problem, with a quite high prevalence in Indonesia (66%). Diabetes mellitus one of predisposing factors of periodontal occurence. This study aimed to analyze relation between diabetes mellitus and the severity of periodontal tissue. The study was observational analytic study with cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in Jagakarsa District Primary Health Care of South Jakarta on October to November 2014 with the primary health care visitors as population. Sample was taken using simple random sampling as much as 122 respondents. Diabetes mellitus status was identified from the non-infectious disease medical record. Data analysis used chi-square and simple logistic regression. Results showed proportion of diabetes mellitus patients > 50 years suffered periodontal tissue damage more severe than ≤ 50 years old patients. Diabetes mellitus group had 3.5 times risk of suffering severe periodontal tissue than nondiabetes mellitus group, OR = 3.505 (1.609 - 7.634), p value = 0.002. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus group had 2.5 times risk of suffering severe periodontal tissue than controlled diabetes mellitus group, OR = 2.514 (0.892 - 7.085), p value = 0.12 due too small size of sample. Diabetes mellitus sample patients were more risky to suffer severe periodontal tissue than nondiabetes mellitus patients. On uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, the risk of periodontal disease was getting higher.
ASI Eksklusif dan Persepsi Ketidakcukupan ASI Prabasiwi, Adila; Fikawati, Sandra; Syafiq, Ahmad
Kesmas Vol. 9, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Persepsi ketidakcukupan air susu ibu (PKA) adalah keadaan ibu merasa ASI-nya tidak cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bayinya. PKA merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kegagalan ASI eksklusif di dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor paling dominan berhubungan dengan PKA di Kecamatan Tegal Selatan dan Kecamatan Margadana, Kota Tegal tahun 2014. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian primer dengan desain studi potong lintang. Sampel berjumlah 88 ibu dari bayi berusia 0 - 6 bulan yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Status gizi ibu dilihat dari kenaikan berat badan ibu sewaktu hamil apakah sesuai dengan rekomendasi dari Institute of Medicine. Asupan energi ibu saat laktasi diukur melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan semi-quantitative-Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ / Food Amount Questionnaire (FAQ)). Untuk variabel pengetahuan, digunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Uji analisis yang digunakan adalah uji kai kuadrat (bivariat) dan uji regresi logistik ganda (multivariat). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 51,1% ibu mengalami PKA. Variabel pengetahuan (nilai p = 0,001), asupan energi (nilai p = 0,019) dan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD) (nilai p = 0,048) berhubungan signifikan dengan PKA setelah dikontrol variabel status gizi, paritas, rawat gabung, perlekatan menyusui, dukungan keluarga, dan dukungan tenaga kesehatan. Faktor pengetahuan merupakan faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan PKA. Perception of insufficient milk supply (PIM) is the condition in which a mother feels that her breastmilk is insufficient to meet the needs of their babies. Such perception is one of main reasons of the exclusive breastfeeding failure in the world. This study aimed to find out the most dominant factors related to PIM in Tegal Selatan District and Margadana Sub-Districts at Tegal City in 2014. This study was a primary study with a cross sectional design. A total sample of 88 mothers of 0 - 6 months old babies selected in by purposive sampling. Mother’s nutritional status was seen from the increasing of mother’s weight gain during the pregnancy was it met the standards from Institute of Medicine. The mother’s energy intake during lactation was measured through interview using semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ / Food Amount Questionnaire (FAQ)) form. Knowledge variable used structured questionnaire. Analysis used are chi square test (bivariate) and multiple regression logistic (multivariate). The result showed that 51.1% mothers experienced PIM. Variables knowledge (p value = 0.001), energy intake (p value = 0.019), and early initiation of breastfeeding (p value = 0.048) were significantly related to perception after controlled by nutritional status, parity, rooming-in, latch on, family support, and health practitioners support variable. Knowledge is the most dominant factor related to the PIM.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α sebagai Prediktor Terjadinya Anemia pada Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Endemis Malaria Flora, Rostika; Mukni, Mukni; Girsang, Bina Melvia; Purwanto, Sigit
Kesmas Vol. 9, No. 3
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Abstract

Ibu hamil yang berada di daerah endemis malaria sangat rentan terhadap infeksi malaria selama kehamilan. Gejala malaria pada kelompok ini sering asimptomatik atau bahkan tidak terdeteksi sama sekali karena adanya efek imunitas protektif melalui infeksi yang berulang. Adanya peningkatan kadar tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) dapat dijadikan indikator terjadinya infeksi malaria. TNF-α berperan penting dalam respons imun pada malaria akut yang menghambat terjadinya eritropoesis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar TNF-α dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil didaerah endemik malaria vivax. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang, dilakukan pada bulan Januari - Februari 2014 di lima wilayah kerja puskesmas Kota Bengkulu. Sampel penelitian adalah ibu hamil di daerah endemis malaria vivax yang diambil secara accidental sampling. Dilakukan pengambilan darah untuk pemeriksaan mikroskopis malaria, kadar TNF-α dan kadar hemoglobin (Hb). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan seluruh ibu hamil memiliki riwayat pernah terinfeksi malaria vivax, walaupun hasil pemeriksaan slide negatif. Terjadi peningkatan kadar TNF- α dengan rerata 6,90 ± 2,48 pg/mL dan penurunan kadar Hb dengan rerata 9,75 ± 0,88 g%. Uji korelasi Spearman didapatkan korelasi negatif yang kuat (r = -0,734) dan bermakna (nilai p < 0,05) antara Kadar TNF-α dengan kadar Hb. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar TNF-α dengan kejadian anemia. Pregnant mothers living in malaria - endemic area are very susceptible to malaria infection during pregnancy. Malaria symptoms in this group are often asymptomatic or even not detected at all due to protective immunity effect through repeated infections. Any elevation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level can be used as indicator of malaria infection. TNF-α takes an important role in immune response on acute malaria that hinders occurence eritropoesis process. This study aimed to find out relations between TNF-α level and anemia occurrence among pregnant women living in malaria vivax - endemic areas. The study used cross-sectional design conducted on January to February 2014 in five working areas in Bengkulu city. Sample of study was pregnant mothers in malaria vivax - endemic areas which was taken through accidental sampling. Blood was taken for malaria-microscopic examination, TNF-α and haemoglobine (Hb) level. The results showed that all of pregnant mothers have malaria vivax - infected record, although slide examination showed negative result. Any TNF-α level elevation with average 6.90 ± 2.48 pg/mL and decrease of Hb level with average 9.75 ± 0.88 g%. Spearman correlation test showed strong negative correlation (r = -0.734) and significant (p value < 0.05) between TNF-α level and Hb level. There was significant relation between TNF-α level and anemia occurrence.

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