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Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 25496980     EISSN : 26220628     DOI : https://doi.org/10.24843/ATBES.2023.v07.i02.p01
Core Subject : Health, Science, Education, Agriculture, Social, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Veterinary Other
The scope of the journal covers scientific and technological aspects from all fields that have general relevance to tropical biodiversity and environmental sciences, including investigations on tropical biodiversity, systematics and taxonomy, terrestrial and aquatic ecology, wildlife management and control, ethnobotany and ethnozoology, tropical plant and animal cultivation, general veterinary, natural product chemistry, ecotourism, environmental remediation and management, and geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing, and other modeling applications for environmental studies.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 73 Documents
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Morphological and Anatomical Development of True Mangrove Species Generative Organs in Ngurah Rai Forest Park, Bali Rai Janaki Maharani; I Made Saka Wijaya; Citra Gilang Qur'ani
Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Udayana University (LP2M Universitas Udayana)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/ATBES.2025.v09.i02.p08

Abstract

Plant phenology is the study of the growth time of plants that occurs repeatedly every year. In the process, growth is accompanied by development at both the cellular and tissue levels of differentiated plants, resulting in the formation of organs with specific functions as a form of environmental adaptation. The lack of mangrove reproduction data motivates this study to investigate the development and differentiation of generative organs in several species of true mangroves within Ngurah Rai Forest Park. Sampling was conducted in the Ngurah Rai Forest Park, while observations were made in the Plant Structure and Development Laboratory at Udayana University. The research method involved observing and comparing changes in the morphological and anatomical structures of the species Avicennia marina, Sonneratia alba, and Xylocarpus granatum. The results found that all species have all the flower’s main parts (stamen, pistil, petal, sepal), with some species having nectar around the receptacle to attract pollinators. The fruit development in X. granatum formed without any of the flower parts, while in S. alba, it clearly involves the calyx and stylus as its main parts of fruit, and A. marina only has a small calyx as part of the fruit. Based on the sprout characteristics, S. alba and X. granatum are classified as normal fruits, while A. marina has cryptoviviparous fruit. As for seeds, the endospermic seed was observed in S. alba and X. granatum, while A. marina has a non-endospermic seed with fully developed cotyledons.
Growth Patterns, Length-Weight Relationships, and Condition Factors of Bullet Tuna (Auxis rochei) from PPI Bias Lantang, Seraya Timur, Bali Sinar Jayadi; I Wayan Restu Nuarsa; Nyoman Dati Pertami
Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Udayana University (LP2M Universitas Udayana)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/ATBES.2025.v09.i02.p07

Abstract

The growth pattern analysis using the length-weight relationship and condition factor of the bullet tuna (Auxis rochei) landed at PPI Bias Lantang, Seraya Timur, Bali, has not yet been determined. This study was conducted to determine the growth pattern using the length-weight relationship and the condition factor of bullet tuna. Fish samples were collected from March to May 2024, three times over three months, with intervals of three weeks. The methods used during the research were descriptive, quantitative, and simple random sampling. The bullet tuna fishing season starts in March and lasts until May. The fishing was conducted around the waters of the Bali-Lombok Strait. A total of 300 bullet tuna samples were obtained during the study. The length-weight relationship analysis revealed a positive allometric growth pattern for bullet tuna at PPI Bias Lantang, with a b value of 3.0308. The length-weight relationship shows a strong coefficient of determination with R² = 0.7468. The graph and equation illustrate the length-weight relationship for bullet tuna (Auxis rochei). The condition factor values of the bullet tuna ranged from 1.0048 to 1.0062, indicating that the body shape is relatively less slender.
Reproductive Aspects of Red Devil Fish (Amphilophus citrinellus) in Lake Batur Area, Bali Nico Mulia Subekti; I Wayan Darya Kartika; I Wayan Restu
Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Udayana University (LP2M Universitas Udayana)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/ATBES.2025.v09.i02.p10

Abstract

The red devil fish (Amphilophus citrinellus) has a rapid breeding nature; its presence is a problem and detrimental to fish farmers. This study aims to examine the reproductive aspects of the fish, which can be seen from several elements: sex ratio, gonad maturity level, gonad maturity index, and fecundity. The research method used is descriptive quantitative. Samples of red devil fish (Amphilophus citrinellus) were collected using purposive sampling at three sampling station locations. We conducted the sampling three times, every two weeks. Each sample collection consisted of 15 fish per station. The equipment used was a gill net with a mesh size of 2.5 inches, a net length of 100 m, and a net height of 1 m. We then place the caught fish into a coolbox and observe them. The research results indicate an imbalance in the sex ratio of the red devil fish population in Lake Batur. The male red devil fish population is larger than the female population. Based on the gonad maturity level (TKG), male red devil fish are most commonly found at TKG III and II, each having 20 individuals, while females are dominated by TKG IV, which has 35 individuals. The average gonad maturity index (IKG) for male fish is 0.25–0.65, while for females, it is 1.58–2.32. The average fecundity of females ranges from 582 to 790 eggs.
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Protozoa Infection in Piglets on Pig Breeding Farms in Gianyar Regency, Bali. Eukaristia Junitha; I Wayan Sudira; Nyoman Adi Suratma; I Putu Cahyadi Putra
Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Udayana University (LP2M Universitas Udayana)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/ATBES.2025.v09.i03.p05

Abstract

Gastrointestinal protozoan infections, including those caused by Eimeria sp., Cystoisospora sp., Entamoeba sp., and Balantidium sp., can result in significant livestock losses. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of gastrointestinal protozoan infections and compare the prevalence rates between suckling and weaned piglets on pig breeding farms in Gianyar Regency. A total of 216 piglet fecal samples were analyzed, comprising 87 samples from the suckling phase and 129 from the weaned phase. Gastrointestinal protozoa were identified through morphological examination, utilizing the sedimentation method for Balantidium sp. and Entamoeba sp., and the saturated salt flotation method for Coccidia examination. Differences in the prevalence of protozoan infections between suckling and weaned piglets were assessed using the Chi-Square Test with IBM SPSS Statistics. The findings indicated that the prevalence of gastrointestinal protozoan infections in piglets on breeding farms in the Gianyar Regency was 51.85% (112/216). The identified protozoa included Balantidium sp. (37.96%), Entamoeba sp. (25.92%), and Coccidia (7.87%). The prevalence of gastrointestinal protozoan infections in suckling piglets was 35.63% (31/87), whereas that in weaned piglets was 62.79% (81/129), demonstrating a significant difference (p=0,0001). There were diverse infections, with some piglets harboring more than one protozoan type. The prevalence rate of gastrointestinal protozoan infections was deemed high, with weaned piglets exhibiting greater susceptibility to infection than suckling piglets.
Detection of Klebsiella spp. Causing Subclinical Mastitis in Sows on Farms in Puhu Village, Gianyar, Bali Ni Putu Deana Kanaya Sahrani; I Ketut Suada; Ni Nyoman Werdi Susari; Romy Muhammad Dary Mufa
Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Udayana University (LP2M Universitas Udayana)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/ATBES.2025.v09.i03.p04

Abstract

Subclinical mastitis is a disease that quite often affects sows during lactation without any apparent clinical symptoms, one of which is caused by Klebsiella Spp. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of pig milk and whether Klebsiella spp. was detected in the pig milk. Thirty-four samples were tested using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) method, and samples positive for subclinical mastitis were further tested using MacConkey media. Additional tests were conducted, including the TSIA biochemical test and microscopic examinations of the growing bacterial isolates, to confirm the bacterial identity. The results of this study showed that 29 out of 34 positive samples had subclinical mastitis with different levels of severity. According to the laboratory results, the presence of Klebsiella spp (85%) bacteria was identified. The results of this study indicate that subclinical mastitis caused by Klebsiella spp remains a significant threat in pig farms in Puhu Village, Payangan Subdistrict, Gianyar Regency, particularly when cage sanitation and management are not optimal. Early detection and improved husbandry systems are needed to prevent similar incidents.  
Identification of Bacteria Isolated from Sea Urchin (Diadema setosum) Gonads Inhibiting Pseudomonas fluorescens and Staphylococcus aureus Growth Andini Maurent Dwiyanti; Helen Joan Lawalata; Iriani Setyawati; Anita Constanci Christine Tengker; Nonny Manampiring
Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Udayana University (LP2M Universitas Udayana)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/ATBES.2025.v09.i02.p05

Abstract

Sea urchins are organisms that have antibacterial, antitumor, and anticancer abilities. The gonads can be used as a food source because they store 28 kinds of amino acids, vitamin B complex. This research aims to determine the type of bacteria from the gonads of sea urchins (Diadema setosum) which have inhibitory power against the growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This research used an exploratory method which was analyzed descriptively, using stages in which sea urchin samples were taken and antibacterial tests against Pseudomonas fluorescens and Staphylococcus aureus from sea urchin gonads using the spread method. The media used for the process of isolating bacteria from the gonads of the sea urchin Diadema setosum is Nutrient Agar (NA) media. Isolate colonies that grew after incubation for 24 hours were separated based on differences in colony morphology. Morphological characterization of bacterial cells begins with gram staining. The diameter of the inhibition zone in the test bacteria shows different shapes. The research obtained 8 bacterial isolates, namely isolates B1-B8 which were gram-negative. The eight bacterial isolates have the potential as antibacterials against the test bacteria P. fluorescens and S. aureus. Isolates B1, B2, B3, B7 are similar to the genus Proteus, while isolates B4, B5, B6, and B8 are similar to the genus Citrobacter. The diameter of the largest inhibition zone in the P.fluorescens test bacteria, namely isolate B1, was 9.03 mm. Meanwhile, the smallest diameter for isolate B7 was 6.97 mm. In the S.aureus test bacteria, the largest diameter in isolate B1 was 11.09 mm. Meanwhile, the smallest diameter for isolate B4 was 8.57 mm.
Population Density and Diversity of Macrozoobenthos in Seagrass Ecosystems in the Coastal Area of Tablolong Village Chaterina A. Paulus; Aludin Al Ayubi; Lebrina I. Boikh; Suprabadevi Saraswati; Emil Azmanajaya
Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): February 2025: Pages 1-66
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Udayana University (LP2M Universitas Udayana)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/ATBES.2025.v09.i01.p09

Abstract

The presence of macrozoobenthos associated with seagrass ecosystems plays an important role in ecological systems and bioindicators for water quality assessment. This study aims to determine the density and diversity of macrozoobenthos populations in seagrass ecosystems in the tourism area in the coastal area of Tablolong village, West Kupang district, Kupang regency. The data collection method in this study was the observation method using the quadrant transect technique. The data collected in this study were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The findings of this study revealed 38 macrozoobenthos species including Hemicantrotus pulcherimus, Tripneustes gratilla, Echinotrix sp, Echinometra sp, Diadema setosum, Holthuria atra, Synapta macullata, Holothuria edulis, Archaster typicus, Protoreaster nodosus, Heniricia sp, Ophiotrix sp, Paguristes cadenati, Coenobita rugosus, Portunus sp, Eurynoma aspera, Calappa hepatica, Trocus sp, Strombus luhuanus, Lambis-lambis, Strombus gibherulis, Strombus urceus, Strombus costatus, Cypraea trigis, Cypraea errones, Euspira sp, Cymatium sp, Vexillum sp, Amoria sp, Conus marmoreus, Conus colubrinus, Jorunna parva, Fragrum sp, Frachycardium sp, Maetra sp, Pina sp, Xenophora sp, and Andara antiquate, then population densities between 25.47-59.93 ind/m² with an average value of 44.0 ind/m² or in the low category, as well as the diversity value ranging from 0.317-0.368 with an average value of 0.348 or also in the low category.
Exploring Eggshell Waste and Calotropis gigantea Fibers for Eco-Friendly Ceiling Board Applications Ida Ayu Mahaputri; Made Diah Adi Adnyaswari; Muhammad Risqi Amanatullah; Silvia Gabrina Tonyes; Yenni Ciawi
Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Udayana University (LP2M Universitas Udayana)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/ATBES.2025.v09.i03.p08

Abstract

The prohibition of asbestos in ceiling board production, due to its serious health risks, has prompted the search for safer and more sustainable alternatives. Current solutions often rely on non-renewable synthetic fibers, which pose environmental concerns. This study investigates the potential of using two abundant tropical waste materials—Calotropis gigantea leaves and eggshells—as renewable reinforcements in biocomposite ceiling boards. In Indonesia, eggshell waste from households and the food service industry amounts to approximately 483,920 tons annually, while C. gigantea grows widely along the country's coastal areas. The biocomposites were formulated by combining leaf fiber powder and eggshell-derived calcium carbonate (32.63–33.92% CaCO₃) in a resin matrix at various ratios. The resulting panels were evaluated through density, water absorption, drop resistance, and gradual heating tests. All samples exceeded the national density standard (SNI 03-2105) and demonstrated superior water and thermal resistance compared to commercial gypsum and kalsiboard panels. No sample failed under impact or heating up to 200°C. The presence of CaCO₃ contributed to improved mechanical and thermal performance while supporting the substitution of cement-based materials. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing post-consumer and plant-based tropical waste in environmentally friendly construction materials, offering a promising pathway for sustainable resource use, waste reduction, and green building practices in tropical regions.
Analysis of the Distribution of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Bali: Water Quality and PCR Study Billy Andri Agrifa Barus; Gede Iwan Setiabudi; Hamdanul Fain
Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Udayana University (LP2M Universitas Udayana)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/ATBES.2025.v09.i03.p09

Abstract

White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is a pathogen responsible for white spots, typically 0.5–2 mm in diameter, on the shrimp cephalothorax. WSSV is capable of causing mass mortality rates of up to 100% within 3 to 10 days of symptom onset. The rapid transmission and detection challenges associated with WSSV have resulted in significant economic losses for Indonesian shrimp farmers. In Bali, Litopenaeus vannamei (Vannamei shrimp) is the second-largest marine aquaculture commodity after seaweed, with major seed production centered in the Gerokgak and Seririt Districts of Buleleng Regency. Given the difficulty in controlling WSSV, identifying its emergence and characteristics is critical. This study aimed to determine the distribution of WSSV in Bali by examining the relationship between water quality and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) detection results, and by analyzing the correlation between water quality, WSSV incidence, and mortality rates in monitoring ponds. The research focused on PCR analysis and water quality assessment of Vannamei shrimp from the Karangasem, Buleleng, and Jembrana Regencies, conducted by the Indonesian Quarantine Agency (BKI). Water quality parameters, including temperature, transparency, pH, DO, salinity, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, and phosphate, were measured using test kits. The study detected no WSSV during the examination period. PCR analysis showed amplification products ranging from 200 to 400 bp, distinct from the standard WSSV-positive marker at 941 bp. Furthermore, all water quality samples met the criteria and compliance parameters established by the Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine Center (BBKKIT).
Comparison of Insect Diversity in Long Bean (Vigna sinensis L.) and Corn (Zea mays) Plantations in Banjarsari Village, Serang City, Banten Riski Andrian Jasmi; Uum Meiliana; Habil Nursyamsul; Mirtha Asalisa; Rifan Oktadiansyah; Ammar Miftah Farid; Siti Yulyatunnikmah
Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Udayana University (LP2M Universitas Udayana)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/ATBES.2025.v09.i03.p03

Abstract

This study aims to compare the diversity of insect species and their ecological roles in two types of crops, namely long beans (Vigna sinensis L.) and corn (Zea mays), cultivated in Banjarsari Village, Serang City, Banten. The study was conducted over two days in March 2025, utilizing observation and sampling methods with a single-sweep technique in both the morning and afternoon sessions. The results showed that the long bean plantation had higher insect diversity compared to the corn plantation. In total, 14 insect species were identified, belonging to 11 families and five orders, with ecological functions classified as herbivores, predators, and pollinators. The species Valanga nigricornis was the most dominant herbivore, especially on long bean plants. Meanwhile, species from the Formicidae and Libellulidae families acted as natural predators, and the species Apis cerana and Ropalidia marginata functioned as pollinators. Environmental factors, including vegetation type, soil moisture, and food availability, influenced the presence of various insect types. The results of this study underscore the significance of insect diversity as an indicator of agricultural ecosystem stability, as well as a crucial component in the management of sustainable agroecosystems.

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