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PANOPTICON: Journal of English Studies
Published by Universitas Pamulang
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30478693     DOI : https://doi.org/10.32493/pnp.v4i1.58457
Core Subject : Humanities, Education, Art,
Arts Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media
PANOPTICON: Journal of English Studies is a scholarly journal published by English Letter of Universitas Pamulang. It was founded in 2024, with registered number E-ISSN: 3047-8693. PANOPTICON has commitment to exchange and share ideas as well as research findings from researchers. Also, it provides the interdisciplinary forum for the most recent innovations, trends, concerns, practical challenges encountered and the solutions adopted in the field of Literature, Linguistics, and Cultural Studies: Children Literature Cyber Literature Gender Studies Issues in Eco-literature Literature in the context of Asia Postcolonial Issues in Literature and Culture World Literature Travel Literature Popular Literature Applied Linguistics Discourse Analysis Translation of Literary Works Cultural Studies Language Teaching
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Sastra dan Teori Sastra
Articles 74 Documents
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Flouting of Gricean Maxims in Barbie (2023): A Gender-Oriented Pragmatic Analysis
PANOPTICON: Journal of English Studies Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): PANOPTICON: JOURNAL OF ENGLISH STUDIES
Publisher : Sastra Inggris UNPAM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32493/pnp.v3i4.54061

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the flouting maxim and the strategies based on the characters’ gender in the movie Barbie (2023) with the use of Grice’s (1975) flouting maxim theory and Cutting’s (2002) strategies of flouting maxim theory. A descriptive qualitative approach was used to examine the flouting maxim and the strategies within the character’s utterance in the movie. The result of the analysis reveals that all four types of flouting maxims are present in the movie with a total of 44 data. Specifically, female characters flouted 12 of the maxims of quantity, 5 of the maxims of quality, 8 of the maxims of relation and 5 of the maxims of manner, while male characters flouted 5 of the maxims of quantity, 6 of the maxim relation, 3 of the maxims of manner, and no data for maxim of quality. The findings reveal that female and male characters tend to flout maxims through irrelevant statements strategy. These results highlight that language use is not only shaped by cooperative principles but also by gendered patterns of communication that influence how speakers express meaning. Overall, the findings suggest that gender differences play a crucial role in determining how conversational maxims are flouted and how specific strategies are employed in interaction.
Representation of Gender Identity in Dean Atta’s The Black Flamingo
PANOPTICON: Journal of English Studies Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): PANOPTICON: JOURNAL OF ENGLISH STUDIES
Publisher : Sastra Inggris UNPAM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32493/pnp.v3i4.54550

Abstract

The background of this study is based on the concept of gender identity as a social and interactive process through which individuals recognize themselves as male or female. This study aims to analyze how gender identity is represented in The Black Flamingo by Dean Atta and to examine how the main character navigates and negotiates his gender identity throughout the novel. A qualitative method was employed, and data were collected through a narrative analysis of the novel. The analysis applied Judith Butler’s (1990) theory of gender performativity to explore how the text portrays issues of gender and identity. The results indicate that the protagonist reflects his gender identity through expressions of both masculinity and femininity. The study also reveals how the character deals with gender identity as both a performative and normative construct. Overall, the findings demonstrate that the character embodies multiple aspects of gender identity, alternating between feminine and masculine traits, and ultimately resists traditional gender norms to assert his authentic self.
Challenging the Monomyth: Hera's Female Hero's Journey in The Lord of the Rings: The War of the Rohirrim
PANOPTICON: Journal of English Studies Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): PANOPTICON: JOURNAL OF ENGLISH STUDIES
Publisher : Sastra Inggris UNPAM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32493/pnp.v3i4.54596

Abstract

This study conducts a narrative analysis of the character Hera in The Lord of the Rings: The War of the Rohirrim through the theoretical lens of Joseph Campbell's monomyth. Employing a descriptive qualitative method, the research scrutinizes key dialogues and sequences to map Hera's arc onto the hero's journey framework. The findings demonstrate that Hera's trajectory incorporates twelve of the seventeen monomyth phases, successfully fulfilling the three core stages of departure, initiation, and return. However, the analysis reveals that the narrative strategically omits certain archetypal phases, such as the refusal of the call and supernatural aid, to craft a heroism defined by agency, resilience, and strategic intellect rather than passive reluctance or external validation. This study concludes that while Hera's journey validates the structural universality of Campbell's model, it also adapts and reframes it, offering a significant contribution to the discourse on female heroism in contemporary fantasy cinema. The research underscores the monomyth's enduring utility while highlighting its evolution in modern, gender-conscious storytelling.
Psychological Manipulation in Benoît Delhomme’s Mothers’ Instinct (2024): A Psychoanalytic and Behavioral Perspective
PANOPTICON: Journal of English Studies Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): PANOPTICON: JOURNAL OF ENGLISH STUDIES
Publisher : Sastra Inggris UNPAM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32493/pnp.v3i4.54890

Abstract

Manipulation as a psychological phenomenon often manifests through subtle emotional tactics that distort a victim’s perception of reality. Mothers’ Instinct (2024), directed by Benoît Delhomme, presents a compelling portrayal of this phenomenon through the complex relationship between two mothers, Céline and Alice. The research problem addressed in this study concerns how manipulation is constructed cinematically in the film and how such behavior psychologically impacts the victim. The primary data consist of selected scenes, dialogues, character expressions, and cinematographic elements from Mothers’ Instinct, which were analyzed to identify both the manipulative tactics used and their psychological consequences. Employing a qualitative approach, the analysis integrates Sigmund Freud’s (1923) psychoanalytic theory to explore unconscious motivations and George K. Simon’s (1996) modern psychological framework to classify manipulation tactics. The study focuses on two analytical dimensions: (1) the internal psychological drives that shape Céline’s manipulative behaviors, and (2) the external strategies she employs to exert control over Alice. The findings reveal that manipulation in the film is primarily conveyed through gaslighting and guilt-tripping, both of which operate covertly to destabilize the victim’s emotional balance. These tactics result in significant psychological effects on Alice, most notably reality confusion and anxiety, which impair her ability to assess events objectively. The study highlights how cinema can effectively dramatize psychological manipulation and underscores the broader implications for understanding emotional coercion in interpersonal relationships, particularly within contexts of grief and trauma.
The Semiotic Representation of Gay Identity in Pixar’s Out (2020)
PANOPTICON: Journal of English Studies Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): PANOPTICON: JOURNAL OF ENGLISH STUDIES
Publisher : Sastra Inggris UNPAM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32493/pnp.v3i4.54982

Abstract

This study aims to examine the representation of gay identity in the animated short movie Out (2020) by applying Peirce’s (1932) semiotic theory and Cass’s theory (1979). A qualitative descriptive method is used to interpret verbal and non-verbal signs related to sexual identity. The data are taken from twenty scenes containing relevant signs. Each sign is analyzed using Peirce’s triadic model, which consists of the representamen, the object, and the interpretant to explain how meaning is formed in the movie and later connected to Cass’s theory of gay identity stages. The findings showed that gay identity in Out (2020) was expressed through visual and verbal elements such as gestures, expressions, and dialogues that reflected Greg’s internal struggle and his developing self-acceptance. Greg was found to experience five stages of Cass’s identity formation model: confusion, tolerance, acceptance, pride, and synthesis. In summary, this study revealed that animated movie can effectively present topics related to sexual identity. It also highlights how signs in a movie can help explain personal experiences, family dynamics, and the emotional journey of LGBTQ+ characters.
Rewriting Pain: Trauma, Memory, and Healing in Frankie Riley’s All the Dark Places
PANOPTICON: Journal of English Studies Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): PANOPTICON: JOURNAL OF ENGLISH STUDIES
Publisher : Sastra Inggris UNPAM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32493/pnp.v4i1.57866

Abstract

This study examines the representation of trauma in Frankie Riley’s All the Dark Places (2022) by analyzing how traumatic experiences are articulated through intrinsic poetic elements. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the research focuses on selected poems that portray themes of anxiety, abandonment, emotional abuse, and healing. The analysis is grounded in Cathy Caruth’s trauma theory (1996), particularly her concepts of repetition, belatedness, and the fragmented nature of traumatic memory. The findings reveal that trauma in Riley’s poetry is depicted not as a single past event but as a recurring psychological condition that continuously shapes identity and emotional experience. Through recurring metaphors such as drowning, storms, cages, and scars, the poems transform abstract suffering into vivid sensory imagery. Repetition of phrases such as “Some days,” “And so, I became,” and “I’m learning” reflects the cyclical return of painful memories while also signaling gradual personal growth. These patterns align with trauma theory, which emphasizes the intrusive and repetitive character of traumatic experience. The study further demonstrates that intrinsic elements—including diction, imagery, structure, tone, and figurative language—function as central mechanisms for expressing trauma. Riley’s simple yet emotionally charged diction conveys immediacy and vulnerability, while fragmented structures mirror psychological instability. Shifts in tone from despair to empowerment illustrate a movement toward self-awareness and resilience. Figurative language, particularly metaphor and parallelism, enables the articulation of experiences that are otherwise difficult to express directly.
Taboo Language, Masculinity, and Social Transgression in Gillian Flynn’s Gone Girl
PANOPTICON: Journal of English Studies Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): PANOPTICON: JOURNAL OF ENGLISH STUDIES
Publisher : Sastra Inggris UNPAM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32493/pnp.v4i1.57956

Abstract

  This study examines how Nick Dunne, portrayed as a socially transgressive figure, employs taboo language and engages in taboo behavior toward Amy and within his broader public environment in Gillian Flynn’s Gone Girl (2014). Although numerous studies have explored characterization and gender in the novel, limited attention has been given to the sociolinguistic dimensions of taboo language and behavior as reflections of masculine anxiety. This research adopts a qualitative descriptive method. Data were collected through close reading and systematic analysis of Nick’s utterances and actions throughout the novel. The theoretical framework integrates Battistella’s (2005) classification of taboo words (epithets, profanity, vulgarity, and obscenity), Jay’s (2009) categorization of profanity and obscenity, Wardhaugh et al.’s (2014) functions of taboo language, Fershtman et al.’s (2011) perspective on taboo behavior in social interaction, and Connell’s (2014) theory of masculinity and gender-based taboos. The findings reveal two principal results. First, obscenity emerges as the most dominant type of taboo language, primarily functioning to express emotional intensity. Second, there is a significant connection between Nick’s violation of male gender taboos and broader social taboos. His failure to fulfill the traditional role of breadwinner and his passivity within the marriage represent violations of hegemonic masculinity, which subsequently motivate his engagement in social taboo behaviors, including deception and manipulation. These actions are portrayed as attempts to avoid public stigma and the identity of a “failed man,” rather than as responses centered on Amy’s disappearance.
Humor in the Webtoon Nerd and Jock: A Pragmatic Study of Grice’s Cooperative Principle and Searle’s Illocutionary Acts
PANOPTICON: Journal of English Studies Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): PANOPTICON: JOURNAL OF ENGLISH STUDIES
Publisher : Sastra Inggris UNPAM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32493/pnp.v4i1.58433

Abstract

This study investigates how violations of Grice’s Cooperative Principle and Searle’s illocutionary acts contribute to humor construction in digital comics. While previous pragmatic studies have extensively examined humor in spoken discourse, films, and stand-up comedy, limited attention has been given to webtoons as a form of multimodal digital narrative. As a rapidly growing form of online entertainment that combines visual and verbal elements, webtoons provide a significant site for analyzing how humor operates within contemporary digital communication. The object of this study is the webtoon Nerd and Jock by Marko Raassina (2017). Employing a qualitative descriptive method, the data were collected through close reading and systematic documentation of selected episodes. The analysis applies Grice’s (1975) Cooperative Principle, which includes the maxims of quantity, quality, relevance, and manner, as well as Searle’s (1980) classification of illocutionary acts—assertive, directive, expressive, commissive, and declarative. The findings reveal 15 instances of maxim violations, with the maxim of relevance being the most frequently violated. Additionally, 38 illocutionary acts were identified, with expressive acts emerging as the most dominant type. The prominence of relevance violations and expressive illocutionary acts indicates that humor in Nerd and Jock is primarily constructed through unexpected conversational shifts and intensified emotional expressions. These findings highlight the role of pragmatic deviation in shaping humor within multimodal digital discourse.
Resisting the System: A Critical Race Theory Analysis of Racial Discrimination in Netflix’s Self Made
PANOPTICON: Journal of English Studies Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): PANOPTICON: JOURNAL OF ENGLISH STUDIES
Publisher : Sastra Inggris UNPAM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32493/pnp.v4i1.58457

Abstract

This study examines the portrayal of racial discrimination and its influence on identity formation and agency in the Netflix limited series Self Made: Inspired by the Life of Madam C.J. Walker (2020). Employing a qualitative descriptive methodology, the research investigates how protagonist Madam C.J. Walker navigates and resists systemic barriers within a racialized socioeconomic landscape. The analysis is grounded in Critical Race Theory (Delgado & Stefancic, 2001) and Mellor’s (2004) framework of responses to racism. Findings indicate that racial discrimination is depicted as a normalized element of social interaction, manifested through interpersonal belittlement and intra-racial tensions. Furthermore, the study identifies the presence of "interest convergence," wherein dominant power structures support Walker’s entrepreneurial efforts only when such support aligns with their own material or political interests. The study concludes that Self Made functions as a narrative of resilience, highlighting the necessity of multifaceted resistance strategies in the face of institutionalized racism.
Conversational Implicature in Steve’s Talented Kids: An Analysis of the “Extraordinary Kids Edition” Episode
PANOPTICON: Journal of English Studies Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): PANOPTICON: JOURNAL OF ENGLISH STUDIES
Publisher : Sastra Inggris UNPAM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32493/pnp.v4i1.58459

Abstract

This study aims to identify how conversational implicature is used in selected videos from Steve’s TV Show, specifically the episode titled “Extraordinary Kids Edition” featuring “Steve’s Talented Kids.” The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach and applied Grice’s (1975) theory of conversational implicature as the analytical framework. Based on the analysis, seven instances of conversational implicature were identified. The findings indicate that violations of the maxim of quality occurred more frequently than violations of other maxims, making it the most dominant source of conversational implicature in the data. Overall, the analysis revealed violations of several Gricean maxims, including quantity, quality, relevance, and manner. One instance involved a violation of the maxim of quantity, reflecting an imbalance in the amount of information provided. Three instances violated the maxim of quality, suggesting the use of inaccurate or exaggerated information. One instance violated the maxim of relevance, where the response was not directly related to the conversational context. Finally, two instances violated the maxim of manner, indicating unclear or overly complex expressions. These violations of conversational maxims contributed to the emergence of implicature through various pragmatic strategies, such as incomplete information, inaccurate statements, irrelevant responses, and ambiguous or indirect modes of expression..

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