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Academia Open
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27147444     DOI : 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.12985
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Academia Open is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo published 2 (two) issues per year (June and December). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics research or review. Academia Open is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,389 Documents
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Job Analysis Using The DACUM Method An Applied Study Of The Opinions Of A Sample Of Department Heads In The Colleges Of The University Of Babylon Maysoon Ali Hussein; Reem Qasim Hassan; Mohammed sadeq Mohammed Ali
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12994

Abstract

General Background: Human resource management increasingly depends on accurate job analysis to ensure the optimal allocation of duties, qualifications, and organizational structures. Specific Background: The DACUM (Design a Curriculum) methodology has gained prominence as a competency-based approach that systematically identifies duties and tasks directly from job holders, allowing alignment between actual job content and institutional expectations. Knowledge Gap: Despite its advantages, limited empirical evidence exists on the effectiveness of DACUM for academic administrative roles in Middle Eastern higher education, particularly regarding its capacity to reduce discrepancies between job descriptions and real job practices. Aims: This study investigates the degree of DACUM application among department heads at the University of Babylon and examines its role in improving job analysis, job descriptions, and organizational clarity. Results: Quantitative analysis of 25 valid questionnaires revealed high response intensities across DACUM components, with an overall mean score of 3.69, indicating strong perceived relevance. Several items achieved response strengths exceeding 90%, demonstrating broad agreement that DACUM enhances alignment between duties, competencies, and administrative needs. Novelty: The study provides empirical validation of DACUM within an academic administrative context, offering a structured model that integrates theory, practice, and local organizational requirements. Implications: Findings highlight the value of adopting DACUM to reduce role ambiguity, refine training needs, improve performance evaluation systems, and strengthen the linkage between organizational structures and labor-market expectations within higher education institutions.Highlight : DACUM clarifies duties, responsibilities, and competencies for more accurate job analysis. Employees serve as the primary source for describing actual job content. DACUM aligns job analysis with training needs in a relevant way. Keywords : DACUM Mechanism, Job Analysis, Heads of Scientific Departments, Organizational Structure, Training Programs
The Relevance of Judicial Beliefs in the Negative Proof System of Article 183 of the Criminal Procedure Code: Analysis of Surabaya District Court Decision Number 454/Pid.B/2024/Pn.Sby: Relevansi Keyakinan Hakim dalam Sistem Pembuktian Negatif Pasal 183 KUHAP: Analisis Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Surabaya Nomor 454/Pid.B/2024/Pn.Sby Ahmad Bagus Aditia; Muchamad Iksan
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12995

Abstract

General Background: Judicial conviction is a central component of Indonesia’s criminal justice system, which adopts the negative proof theory under Article 183 KUHAP. Specific Background: Growing discrepancies between judicial conviction and legally valid evidence, illustrated by Surabaya District Court Decision Number 454/Pid.B/2024/PN.Sby, have raised concerns regarding doctrinal consistency and judicial practice. Knowledge Gap: Limited studies integrate normative analysis, case-based evaluation, and Islamic legal perspectives to define the boundaries of judicial conviction. Aims: This study examines the relevance and limitations of judicial conviction within the negative proof model and assesses its application in the referenced court decision, complemented by Islamic jurisprudential insights. Results: Findings indicate that although the negative proof system remains normatively sound, judicial practice reveals deviations when conviction becomes overly subjective and insufficiently grounded in evidence; Islamic law emphasizes that judicial belief must be based on proof and moral accountability. Novelty: This research offers an integrative framework combining normative doctrine, case analysis, and Islamic legal principles to reinterpret the objective limits of judicial conviction. Implications: Strengthening objective standards, judicial integrity, and ethical safeguards is necessary to ensure proper application of Article 183 KUHAP and to restore public trust in judicial institutions. Highlights: The negative proof system requires judicial conviction to be firmly grounded in valid evidence. The Surabaya court case illustrates how subjective conviction can distort legal reasoning. Islamic legal principles reinforce the need for moral accountability in judicial decision-making. Keywords: Judicial Conviction, Negative Proof Theory, Article 183 KUHAP, Judicial Integrity, Islamic Legal Perspective
The Validity of Imam Shafi‘i, Criticism, and the Influence of Yahya Bin Ma’in's Accusations on the Weakness of Transmission in Hadith Chains Mas Hasan Rifqi; Amaliyah Widya Mahanani; Afro’ Anzali Nurizzati Arifah
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.12996

Abstract

General Background: Imam Shafi‘i is widely recognized as a leading mujtahid and a major authority in Islamic jurisprudence and hadith scholarship, whose narrations have long been referenced in classical Islamic sciences. Specific Background: Despite this recognition, certain criticisms—most notably attributed to Yahya bin Ma‘in—questioned Imam Shafi‘i’s reliability as a hadith transmitter, particularly regarding sanad assessment within the tradition of jarh wa ta‘dil. Knowledge Gap: These accusations have often been cited without systematic evaluation against broader scholarly consensus and established methodological principles of hadith criticism. Aims: This study aims to reassess Yahya bin Ma‘in’s accusations and examine their standing within jarh wa ta‘dil, focusing on whether they undermine Imam Shafi‘i’s status as a thiqah narrator. Results: Based on qualitative library research and comparative analysis of classical sources, the study finds that the accusations lack substantiated grounds, are contradicted by other authenticated statements from Yahya bin Ma‘in himself, and are outweighed by extensive scholarly endorsement of Imam Shafi‘i’s reliability. Novelty: The article provides a structured clarification that situates isolated criticism within the wider epistemological framework of hadith sciences, emphasizing scholarly consensus and narrator reputation. Implications: These findings reaffirm Imam Shafi‘i’s authority in hadith transmission and offer a methodological reference for addressing contested evaluations of narrators in Islamic scholarship. Highlights: Accusations against Imam Shafi‘i lack methodological consistency when examined through classical hadith principles. Scholarly consensus affirms his status as a trustworthy narrator despite isolated critiques. Omission from certain canonical compilations does not constitute evidence of unreliability. Keywords: Imam Shafi‘I, Hadith Transmission, Jarh wa Ta‘dil, Sanad Criticism, Yahya bin Ma‘in
Component Tolerance and Performance of 2-Way Passive Crossovers: Toleransi Komponen dan Kinerja Penyeberang Pasif Dua Arah Akhmad Ahfas; Adriana Anteng Anggorowati; Dwi Hadidjaja R.S.
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12997

Abstract

General Background: Passive 2-way crossover filters play a crucial role in dividing audio signals between woofer and tweeter channels, where their performance is highly dependent on the precision of passive components. Specific Background: Variations in capacitor and inductor values, along with their tolerances, can significantly alter crossover frequency, phase characteristics, and harmonic distortion, yet these effects are not fully quantified in practical implementations. Knowledge Gap: Limited studies provide an integrated empirical–analytical assessment of how component deviations influence frequency response, THD, and impedance stability in real passive 2-way filters. Aims: This study evaluates the influence of component tolerances on crossover frequency accuracy, filter slope behavior, phase stability, and distortion performance. Results: Experimental findings show that ±10–15% component deviations shift crossover frequency by 7.1–8.5%, reduce filter slope by 2.1–3.2 dB/octave, increase THD from 0.8% to 3.2% at 10W, and induce impedance fluctuations that shift the crossover point by an additional 3.2%. Inductors exhibit higher sensitivity (0.72–0.78) than capacitors (0.45–0.52). Novelty: This study provides a combined simulation–measurement analysis linking component tolerance to measurable acoustic deviations. Implications: The results highlight the need for ≤5% tolerance components and pre-assembly verification to ensure stable crossover performance. Highlights: Component tolerances significantly shift crossover frequency and reduce filter accuracy. Inductors have a stronger impact on system performance than capacitors. Using ≤5% tolerance components improves stability, distortion, and overall audio quality. Keywords: Passive Crossover Filter, Component Tolerance, Crossover Frequency Shift, Total Harmonic Distortion, Impedance Stability
Differentiated Learning Practices In Islamic Religious Education At Junior High School: Implementasi Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi Pada Pendidikan Agama Islam Di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Hartina Hartina; Mania Mania; Mardiah Mardiah
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.12999

Abstract

General Background: Education systems increasingly recognize learner diversity as a central concern in classroom practice. Specific Background: In Islamic Religious Education and Character Education, uniform instructional approaches remain prevalent, limiting accommodation of students’ varied readiness, interests, and learning styles within the Merdeka Curriculum framework. Knowledge Gap: Empirical descriptions of how differentiated learning is planned, enacted, and evaluated in Islamic Religious Education at the junior high school level remain limited. Aims: This study examines the implementation of differentiated learning in Islamic Religious Education and Character Education at SMP Negeri 2 Bulukumba. Results: Using a qualitative case study design, data from observations, semi-structured interviews, and documentation reveal that teachers conduct diagnostic assessments to map students’ readiness, interests, and learning profiles, followed by differentiation of content, process, and product through varied strategies, media, grouping patterns, and assessment forms. Instructional practices demonstrate adaptive classroom management and student-centered learning, although challenges arise from limited instructional time, large class sizes, and varying levels of teacher understanding. Novelty: The study presents a detailed depiction of differentiated learning across planning, implementation, and evaluation stages within Islamic Religious Education aligned with Merdeka Curriculum principles. Implications: These findings underscore the need for sustained professional support, practical training, and institutional facilitation to strengthen differentiated learning practices that support inclusive, flexible, and character-oriented instruction. Highlights • Diagnostic assessment guides differentiated planning based on readiness, interest, and learning profiles• Instructional practices vary content, process, and product within Islamic Religious Education classrooms• Evaluation employs flexible and authentic assessment aligned with student diversity Keywords Differentiated Learning; Islamic Religious Education; Merdeka Curriculum; Learning Styles; Qualitative Case Study
Integration of Psychology and Islamic Education in Internalizing Exemplary Values through Historical Figures of Islam Jamilatus Zahroh; Abdul Muhid; Arif Ainur Rofiq
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13000

Abstract

General Background: Islamic education aspires to develop learners’ character alongside knowledge through the internalization of divine values. Specific Background: In History of Islamic Culture learning, Islamic historical figures are often taught as biographical content and chronology rather than as lived moral exemplars, contributing to a gap between cognitive knowledge and noble conduct. Knowledge Gap: A conceptual framework is needed that unites educational psychology with Islamic educational concepts to explain both the learning mechanisms and the spiritual orientation of exemplary learning. Aims: This article formulates an integrative conceptual model between psychology and Islamic education to support exemplary value internalization through Islamic historical figures. Results: Using library research and descriptive-analytical synthesis, the study proposes a three-stage framework: a cognitive stage combining information processing theory with tadabbur for deep understanding; an affective stage aligning humanistic empathy with tazkiyatun nafs to build emotional attachment; and a conative/behavioral stage integrating shaping and reinforcement with ittibaʾ to realize values in concrete actions. Novelty: The framework synthesizes psychological stages of learning with Islamic spiritual concepts into a holistic pathway that shifts Islamic Cultural History from knowledge transfer to value-oriented character formation. Implications: The model calls for teachers as facilitators and living role models, participative-reflective methods, and authentic, holistic assessment of learners’ value-oriented behavior. Highlights: A triadic pathway connects information processing with tadabbur to deepen understanding of historical narratives. Empathic learning conditions are paired with tazkiyatun nafs to cultivate emotional attachment and reflective practice. Shaping and reinforcement are linked with ittibaʾ to translate moral lessons into sustained daily actions and authentic assessment. Keywords: Value Internalization, Role Modeling, Educational Psychology, Islamic Education, Islamic Cultural History
Political Dynasties Undermine Democratic Governance and Constitutional Integrity in Indonesia: Dinasti Politik Melemahkan Tata Kelola Demokratis dan Integritas Konstitusional di Indonesia Aulia Putri Insani; Aldlyan Meilani; Nurul Iman
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13009

Abstract

Political dynasties represent a systemic challenge to Indonesia’s constitutional democracy by consolidating hereditary power that contradicts the principles of meritocracy, equal political access, and institutional accountability. This research aims to analyze how political dynasties distort democratic governance and weaken constitutional mechanisms that safeguard state integrity. Using a library research method supported by systematic content analysis of academic literature, legal sources, and policy documents, the study finds that dynastic politics institutionalize oligarchic power structures, suppress competitive leadership regeneration, and increase risks of corruption, collusion, and nepotism. The findings demonstrate that dynastic networks interfere with the separation of powers, politicize public resource allocation, bias representative functions toward familial interests, and reduce institutional autonomy within the constitutional framework. Although dynasties may provide policy continuity in certain contexts, these advantages are conditional and outweighed by structural threats to legal integrity and public trust. The novelty of this study lies in extending the discussion from electoral and regional governance to the broader constitutional domain, characterizing dynastic politics as a constitutional disruption rather than merely a political phenomenon. The implications suggest the need for transparent political recruitment, regulatory restrictions on hereditary candidacy, enhanced oversight mechanisms, and civic education to reinforce democratic resilience. These measures are essential to prevent the normalization of hereditary power and to protect constitutional democracy in Indonesia from long-term institutional degradation. Highlights • Political dynasties weaken constitutional accountability and democratic governance• Hereditary power restricts leadership succession and public institutional autonomy• Oligarchic networks increase corruption risks and distort public representation Keywords Political Dynasties; Constitutional Democracy; Democratic Governance; Meritocracy; Oligarchic Power
Screening For Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus Spp. Bacteria Causing Bacterial Vaginosis in Women: Penyaringan Bakteri Staphylococcus spp. yang Resisten terhadap Banyak Obat yang Menyebabkan Vaginosis Bakteri pada Wanita Zainab A. Fadhil
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.13012

Abstract

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal condition characterized by a shift from lactobacilli dominance to opportunistic bacteria. Specific Background: Recent observations indicate the increasing role of Staphylococcus spp., particularly multidrug-resistant strains, in persistent or recurrent BV. Knowledge Gap: Limited evidence exists regarding species-level identification and resistance profiles of Staphylococcus spp. in BV cases in Iraq. Aim: This study aimed to identify the bacterial species associated with BV and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of the most resistant isolates. Results: Among 50 clinical samples, 20 yielded bacterial growth, dominated by Gram-positive isolates (65%), especially Staphylococcus haemolyticus (40%), S. aureus (15%), and S. epidermidis (10%). Gram-negative isolates included E. coli (20%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10%). Gardnerella vaginalis was detected in 5%. Antibiotic testing of 16 isolates showed high multidrug resistance, with S. haemolyticus exhibiting resistance to OFX, CRO, AMC, CTX, EM, CFM, and NA. Novelty: This study provides the first localized profiling of MDR Staphylococcus spp. in BV using VITEK-2 confirmation. Implications: Findings highlight the need for routine species identification, antimicrobial stewardship, and region-specific treatment guidelines to prevent rising resistance and recurrence. Highlights• Dominance of MDR Staphylococcus spp. in BV• High resistance to β-lactams and macrolides• Importance of routine screening and antibiotic stewardship Keywords: Bacterial Vaginosis, Staphylococcus Haemolyticus, Multidrug Resistance, VITEK-2, Vaginal Microbiota
Adsorptive Removal of Crystal Violet from Aqueous Solutions using Agarose Gel as a Natural Adsorbent : Penghilangan Kristal Violet dari Larutan Air Menggunakan Gel Agarosa sebagai Adsorbent Alami Azhar Hameed Gatea; Alaa Mohammed Ali; Aseer shakir Ajel
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.13013

Abstract

General Background: Wastewater containing synthetic dyes requires sustainable treatment solutions. Specific Background: Agarose gel, a natural polysaccharide with abundant hydroxyl groups, offers strong affinity toward cationic dyes such as crystal violet. Knowledge Gap: Limited studies have comprehensively assessed how pH, contact time, and initial dye concentration jointly influence adsorption onto agarose while comparing advanced three-parameter isotherm models. Aims: This study investigates the adsorption of crystal violet onto agarose gel and evaluates equilibrium behavior using Langmuir, Sips, and Radke–Prausnitz models. Results: Adsorption reached 95 percent removal under mildly alkaline conditions (pH 9) within 50 minutes, with higher initial concentrations reducing removal due to surface saturation. The Sips and Radke–Prausnitz models showed superior fitting (R² > 0.998), indicating heterogeneous and cooperative adsorption, while Langmuir was adequate only at low concentrations. Novelty: This research is among the first to directly compare the Sips and Radke–Prausnitz models for agarose-based adsorption of crystal violet. Implications: Agarose demonstrates strong potential as a low-cost, biodegradable adsorbent for green wastewater treatment systems, providing insights for future development of natural polymer-based remediation technologies. Highlights• High adsorption efficiency of agarose under alkaline conditions• Superior fitting of Sips and Radke–Prausnitz models• Potential of agarose as a green adsorbent for dye removal Keywords: Agarose, Adsorption Isotherm, Crystal Violet, Natural Adsorbent, Wastewater Treatment
The Impact of Lactobacillus Infection During Pregnancy on Metabolic and Immune Parameters in Women 40 Days Post-Delivery: Dampak Infeksi Lactobacillus Selama Kehamilan terhadap Parameter Metabolik dan Imun pada Wanita 40 Hari Pasca Persalinan Zahraa Ali Nashoor Alnawas; Kareema A. Dakhil
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.13014

Abstract

Background: Lactobacillus normally plays a protective role in the maternal microbiome, yet under certain dysbiotic conditions it may be associated with metabolic and immunological disturbances during pregnancy. Specific Background: Evidence regarding postpartum health consequences of Lactobacillus infection remains limited, particularly its link to inflammatory and metabolic alterations. Gap: No studies have assessed metabolic and immune outcomes 40 days postpartum among women infected with Lactobacillus during pregnancy. Aim: This study examines postpartum metabolic profiles, inflammatory markers, and immune balance in women previously exposed to Lactobacillus infection. Methods: A cross-sectional comparison of 100 infected and 100 healthy women was conducted using clinical, biochemical, and immunological assessments. Results: Infected women exhibited higher fasting glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, CRP, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, TPOAb, and TgAb, alongside lymphopenia and a Th1-dominant immune shift. Novelty: This study provides early evidence that Lactobacillus-associated dysbiosis in pregnancy may contribute to sustained metabolic and immune dysregulation beyond delivery. Implications: Findings highlight the importance of monitoring postpartum women with pregnancy-related dysbiosis and suggest a potential role of microbiome alteration in long-term maternal health. Highlights:• Distinct postpartum metabolic disturbances in infected women• Marked inflammatory activation associated with dysbiosis• Altered Th1/Th2 balance persisting after delivery Keywords: Lactobacillus Infection, Postpartum Metabolism, Immune Imbalance, Cytokines, Maternal Health

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