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Academia Open
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27147444     DOI : 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.12985
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Academia Open is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo published 2 (two) issues per year (June and December). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics research or review. Academia Open is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,389 Documents
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Lactoferrin on Physiological Characteristics and Intestinal Microorganisms in Anemic Rats Suhad Khalid Sgheer; Tuqa Sabbar Rahi
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13267

Abstract

General Background: Iron is essential for hematopoiesis, immune competence, and growth, and its deficiency leads to anemia with systemic consequences. Specific Background: Lactoferrin, an iron-binding glycoprotein, exhibits hematopoietic, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial activities that may benefit anemia and gut microbiota balance. Knowledge Gap: Experimental evidence comparing purified and commercial lactoferrin on hematological indices and intestinal microbial populations in anemic models remains limited. Aims: This study evaluated the effects of purified and commercial lactoferrin on blood parameters and gut microorganisms in anemic female rats. Results: Lactoferrin administration increased red blood cells, hemoglobin, and platelets, reduced white blood cell counts, enhanced lactic acid bacteria, and decreased coliforms, Staphylococcus spp., and Enterococcus spp., with strongest effects at 30 µg/kg purified lactoferrin, while Salmonella showed minimal change. Novelty: The study demonstrates dose-dependent superiority of purified lactoferrin over commercial forms. Implications: Purified lactoferrin represents a promising dietary supplement for anemia management and gut health modulation.Keywords : Lactoferrin, Iron Deficiency Anemia, Hematological Parameters, Gut Microbiota Modulation, Female Albino RatsHighlight : Purified supplementation significantly increased erythrocyte, hemoglobin, and platelet indices in anemic female models. Dose-dependent treatment reduced leukocyte counts, indicating pronounced immunomodulatory activity. Beneficial gut bacteria increased, while coliforms, staphylococci, and enterococci declined after intervention.
Pediatric NAFLD Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Research Gaps in Uzbekistan and India Dinmukhammadieva Dilorom Rakhimjan kizi; Saurav Sunil Pawshe; Shadiyeva Soadat Ulmasovna
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13269

Abstract

General Background: Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) represents a critical chronic liver condition in children globally, characterized by hepatic fat accumulation without alcohol exposure, potentially progressing to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Specific Background: Rapid socioeconomic transitions in Asia have escalated childhood obesity rates, with India reporting prevalence estimates of 12–63% among overweight children, while Uzbekistan demonstrates 50–66% prevalence in similar cohorts, though comprehensive epidemiological data remain limited. Knowledge Gap: No comparative analysis exists examining pediatric NAFLD patterns between Uzbekistan and India, particularly regarding temporal trends and population-based prevalence. Aims: This study compares burden, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of pediatric NAFLD across both nations through systematic literature review. Results: Both countries exhibit increasing prevalence driven by obesity and insulin resistance, with male preponderance and age-dependent patterns; however, Uzbekistan lacks population-based studies unlike India's more established epidemiological framework. Novelty: This represents the first cross-country comparison of pediatric NAFLD between Central and South Asian contexts. Implications: Findings underscore urgent need for standardized screening protocols, culturally adapted lifestyle interventions, and population-based research in Uzbekistan to inform national health policies.Keywords : Pediatric NAFLD, Childhood Obesity, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin ResistanceHighlight : Prevalence reaches 42-47% among overweight Indian children, with boys consistently more affected. Uzbekistan shows 50-100% rates in obese cohorts but lacks comprehensive population-based studies. Both nations face growing burden from dietary transitions, urbanization, and sedentary lifestyles.
Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Computer System Failure Prediction: Ensemble and Gradient Boosting Analysis ALaa KHudhair ali; Zeinh Sabeeh Jaseem; Ruaa Kadhim Jabir
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13271

Abstract

General Background: The growing dependence on computer systems across industrial and service sectors has increased the need for reliable early failure prediction to ensure operational continuity. Specific Background: Recent advances in artificial intelligence, particularly ensemble methods, gradient boosting algorithms, Automated Machine Learning (AutoML), and Explainable AI (XAI), have demonstrated strong potential in analyzing complex operational data for predictive maintenance. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies largely address these techniques in isolation, with limited focus on their integrated application and interpretability in real-world, dynamic environments. Aims: This review examines recent AI-based approaches for computer system failure prediction, emphasizing ensemble learning, gradient boosting, AutoML, and XAI. Results: The analysis indicates that gradient boosting and ensemble models offer superior predictive accuracy, while AutoML reduces development effort and XAI enhances model transparency and trust. Novelty: The review highlights the combined role of performance-driven and explainability-focused techniques within a unified predictive framework. Implications: Integrating these approaches supports more reliable, interpretable, and cost-effective predictive maintenance strategies in modern computing systems.Keywords : Computer System Failure Prediction, Artificial Intelligence, Ensemble Methods, Gradient Boosting, Explainable Artificial IntelligenceHighlight : Combined model strategies consistently outperform conventional monitoring by capturing complex operational patterns. Sequential tree-based learners demonstrate strong suitability for large-scale, noisy, and heterogeneous operational data. Interpretation frameworks strengthen practitioner trust by clarifying decision rationales for preventive maintenance actions
Liveworksheets E-LKPD Development for Nahwu Learning: Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Interaktif E-LKPD untuk Pembelajaran Nahwu Rizki Amirul Huda; Khizanatul Hikmah
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.13272

Abstract

General Background: The integration of educational technology in the 21st century requires innovative digital learning media to support effective classroom practices. Specific Background: In Arabic language instruction, particularly Nahwu learning for Grade X students, limited interactive media has contributed to low engagement and understanding. Knowledge Gap: Conventional textbook-based approaches have not adequately facilitated active participation and interactive learning experiences in Nahwu instruction. Aims: This study aims to develop a Liveworksheets-based electronic student worksheet (E-LKPD), named ELIWO, and to examine students’ responses to its implementation. Results: Using a Research and Development approach with the ADDIE model, the product was validated by subject matter experts (97%) and media experts (96%), indicating very high validity. A limited trial involving 40 students at SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Sidoarjo yielded a positive response with an average score of 4.00 (80%), categorized as good. Novelty: The study presents a structured development of an interactive Liveworksheets-based E-LKPD specifically designed for Nahwu learning at the senior high school level. Implications: The findings indicate that ELIWO is feasible and practical as a digital learning medium to support structured Nahwu instruction. Keywords: E-LKPD, Liveworksheets, Nahwu Learning, ADDIE Model, Educational Technology Key Findings Highlights: Expert validation indicated very high product feasibility levels. Student trial demonstrated positive acceptance in classroom use. The developed digital worksheet supports structured grammar instruction.
Digital Transformation in Supporting Accounting Automation in the Industrial Bank Iraq Ahmed Neamah Abed; Faris Abdulzahra Abdulhussin Alkhalidy; Jinan Abed Khaji; Anmar Adnan Khudhair; Ahmed Obayes Hussein
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13273

Abstract

General Background: Digital transformation is fundamentally reshaping accounting practices globally through technologies including artificial intelligence, automation, blockchain, and big data analytics. Specific Background: The Iraqi banking sector continues to rely on traditional manual processes and paper-based documentation, resulting in increased operational costs, effort, and time inefficiencies that hinder competitive performance. Knowledge Gap: While previous research has documented digital transformation's benefits in accounting, limited empirical evidence exists examining its specific impact on accounting automation within industrial banks in developing economies like Iraq. Aims: This study investigates how digital transformation contributes to enhancing accounting automation levels in the Industrial Bank Iraq, examining the relationships between digital transformation implementation, accounting practices, and automation outcomes. Results: Analysis of 42 accountants and auditors revealed a strong positive correlation (R=0.932) between digital transformation and accounting automation, with digital transformation explaining 86.9% of variance in accounting practices and automation performance, supporting both hypothesized relationships. Novelty: This research provides context-specific empirical evidence from Iraq's industrial banking sector, demonstrating quantifiable impacts of digital transformation on accounting automation in a transitioning economy. Implications: Findings suggest that industrial banks should prioritize digital transformation investments and provide comprehensive training programs to accountants and auditors, enabling them to leverage advanced technologies for improved financial reporting accuracy, operational efficiency, and competitive advantage.Keywords : Digital Transformation, Accounting Automation, Industrial Banking, Financial Technology, Iraqi Banking SectorHighlight : Digital transformation increases accounting automation efficiency by 86.9% in industrial banks. Strong positive correlation (0.932) exists between digitalization and automated financial processes. Modern technologies eliminate manual procedures, reducing costs and improving decision-making speed.
Joint Auditing and Modern Technological Environment in Auditor Report Quality Ali Mahmood Ahmed
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13274

Abstract

General Background: Joint auditing has emerged as a critical response to environmental changes in the business landscape, aiming to enhance professional performance and increase stakeholder confidence in financial reporting through collaborative audit approaches. Specific Background: The practice involves two or more independent auditors sharing audit responsibilities and jointly issuing a single audit report, while modern technological environments have introduced new dimensions to audit quality through electronic reporting systems and digital assurance services. Knowledge Gap: Despite recognition of joint auditing's potential benefits, limited empirical evidence exists regarding how the integration of joint auditing practices with elements of modern technological environments specifically enhances the quality of auditors' reports in public sector institutions. Aims: This research examines the relationship between joint auditing mechanisms and modern technological environmental elements in improving auditor report quality at the Federal Board of Supreme Audit, analyzing data from 2015 to 2024 using econometric modeling. Results: The econometric analysis revealed that joint auditing techniques explain 84.6% of variations in electronic audit report quality (R²=0.846), with audit committee expertise, meeting frequency, and technological integration demonstrating statistically significant positive impacts on report quality dimensions including relevance, reliability, comparability, and consistency. Novelty: This study uniquely applies autoregressive distributed lag modeling to demonstrate the long-term equilibrium relationship between joint auditing variables and electronic report quality in a supreme audit institution context, providing quantitative evidence of technological environment integration effects. Implications: Findings support regulatory frameworks promoting mandatory joint auditing adoption in financial institutions and emphasize the necessity of establishing professional institutes to govern joint audit practices while integrating continuous technological training for audit quality enhancement.Keywords : Joint Auditing, Technological Environment, Audit Report Quality, Electronic Reporting, Financial Statement AuditHighlight : Joint auditing enhances auditor independence and strengthens ability to detect fraud and errors effectively. Electronic reporting systems separate format design from execution across different software versions. Audit committee expertise increases electronic report quality by 1.13% per percentage point improvement.
Organizing Production Processes in the Construction Materials Industry Based on Quality Management Principles Achilov Ilmurad Nematovich
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13275

Abstract

General Background: The acceleration of globalization and intensification of competition in industrial sectors have positioned product quality as a key determinant of market position and long-term development prospects, particularly in the construction materials industry where quality directly affects public safety and structural reliability. Specific Background: The construction materials industry represents a technologically complex, multi-stage system requiring strict adherence to technological regimes, yet traditional management approaches focus primarily on finished product inspection rather than addressing root causes of quality deficiencies. Knowledge Gap: While foreign scholars have extensively addressed theoretical foundations and universal models of quality management, and domestic researchers have examined technological and standardization aspects, the comprehensive organization of production processes in the construction materials industry based on quality management principles remains insufficiently systematized. Aims: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of organizing production processes in the construction materials industry through quality management principles, examining theoretical foundations, scientific approaches, practical state, and recent statistical data to develop specific practical recommendations. Results: The research demonstrates that implementing quality management systems—including ISO 9001 standards, statistical quality control methods, and process-based approaches—stabilizes quality indicators, optimizes production costs, and enhances competitiveness while positively impacting environmental sustainability and social responsibility. Novelty: This study systematically integrates quality management principles with resource efficiency and environmental requirements as essential components of sustainable production organization in construction materials enterprises. Implications: The findings confirm that quality-oriented management strengthens enterprise positions in domestic and international markets, enhances investment attractiveness, and constitutes a critical direction for ensuring sustainable development of the construction materials sector and national economic competitiveness.Keywords : Quality Management Systems, Construction Materials Industry, Production Process Organization, ISO 9001 Implementation, Statistical Quality ControlHighlight : Process-based quality control reduces defects more effectively than traditional post-production inspection methods. Statistical analysis integration enables forecasting of quality variations in cement and concrete manufacturing. ISO 9001 implementation requires strategic alignment and active management involvement beyond documentation compliance.
Employment Relationship Interpretation for Informal Workers in Supreme Court Decision: Penafsiran Hubungan Kerja Pekerja Informal dalam Putusan Mahkamah Agung Qurnia Rahmawati; Ahmad Nailul
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13276

Abstract

General Background: Employment relationships in Indonesian labor law are determined by cumulative elements of work, wages, and orders as the basis for legal protection. Specific Background: Supreme Court Decision Number 656 K/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2024 raises debate on the interpretation of these elements in the context of informal workers with flexible work patterns. Knowledge Gap: There is tension between a formalistic normative approach and the need for substantive legal protection for informal workers in modern labor dynamics. Aims: This study aims to analyze how the Supreme Court interprets the elements of work, wages, and orders and to examine its implications for labor law protection. Results: The Court interprets the elements strictly based on statutory provisions, concluding that wages are not fixed due to a ritase system, the element of orders is absent due to lack of subordination and work regulation, and work is not continuous or structurally integrated, leading to the classification of the relationship as a partnership rather than an employment relationship. Novelty: The study highlights a recent judicial decision within the evolving context of flexible work arrangements and informal labor classification. Implications: Although normatively consistent with labor regulations, the interpretation reflects a formalistic approach that potentially limits substantive legal protection for informal workers, indicating the need for more progressive legal interpretation oriented toward worker protection principles. Highlights• Strict cumulative interpretation determines legal classification as partnership• Flexible work patterns exclude recognition of normative wage structure• Formal legal reasoning constrains protection scope for non-formal labor KeywordsEmployment Relationship; Informal Workers; Legal Protection; Supreme Court Decision; Labour Law
Early Childhood Imitation Behavior Towards Tiktok Movements And Speech Rika Maya Nur Wati; Ida Yeni Rahmawati; Muhammad Azzam Muttaqin
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13279

Abstract

General Background: The widespread use of social media platforms such as TikTok has introduced highly engaging short-video content that is frequently accessed by young children. Specific Background: Children aged five to six are in a developmental stage where learning occurs through observation and imitation of visual and auditory stimuli. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies mainly discuss the general presence of TikTok in children’s lives, while limited research explains the specific forms of movements and speech imitated by early childhood learners in school environments. Aims: This study aims to identify the TikTok content watched by children and describe imitation behavior in movements and speech among students at TK BA Aisyiyah Temon. Results: Using a descriptive qualitative case study involving 20 children aged 5–6 years, data from observations, interviews, and documentation show that 14 children demonstrated imitation behavior. Movements such as “kambing mbe,” “walking hap hap hap,” and “tor monitor ketua” were repeatedly performed, while speech imitation appeared through viral phrases spoken without understanding their meaning. Novelty: The study documents specific patterns of viral movement and speech imitation among early childhood learners in a classroom context. Implications: The findings indicate the importance of parental supervision, digital literacy guidance, and collaboration between families and schools in guiding children’s exposure to social media content. Highlights: Viral video gestures were frequently reproduced during play activities. Spoken phrases from online clips were repeated without understanding their meaning. Higher device exposure at home corresponded with stronger mimicry patterns in class. Keywords: Imitation Behavior, Early Childhood, Tiktok, Movement and Speech
Hormonal Contraception Temporarily Suppresses Ovarian Reserve Markers with Partial Recovery Noor Salman Dalis; Bashaer Ibrahim Hamdi; Raad Fadhil Abdullah Yosef
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13286

Abstract

General Background: Hormonal contraception is widely used, yet its implications for ovarian reserve markers remain debated. Specific Background: Cross-sectional studies report lower anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC) among users, but lack baseline data to determine temporal dynamics and reversibility. Knowledge Gap: Prospective evidence with serial baseline and follow-up measures comparing contraceptive methods is limited. Aims: This study prospectively evaluated longitudinal changes in AMH, AFC, and follicle-stimulating hormone among women initiating combined oral contraceptives or levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices versus non-users. Results: Mixed-effects models demonstrated significant time-by-group interactions, with early declines in AMH and AFC at three months, followed by partial recovery during continued use, while controls remained stable. Novelty: By integrating baseline and repeated measures, this study delineates functional, time-dependent suppression rather than structural ovarian damage. Implications: Findings support counseling that hormonal contraception induces temporary, reversible alterations in ovarian reserve markers and should not be interpreted as permanent fertility impairment.Keywords : Hormonal Contraception, Anti-Müllerian Hormone, Ovarian Reserve Markers, Longitudinal Cohort Study, Oral ContraceptivesHighlight : AMH levels decreased 25-29% at 3 months, then partially recovered by 12 months Changes reflect temporary ovarian suppression, not permanent structural damage to ovaries Both OCP and LNG-IUD users showed similar suppression and recovery patterns

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