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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Christian Education and Theology (IJCET)
Published by PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL
ISSN : 29619300     EISSN : 29619300     DOI : 10.55927
Core Subject : Religion,
Religion
Indonesian Journal of Christian Education and Theology (IJCET) is a peer-reviewed international journal that covers the fields of scientific research, literature studies, and academic scholarship that study Christian Education and Theology.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Studi Agama
Articles 37 Documents
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Salvation as a Moral Life: An Ethical Analysis of Confucianism and His Challenge to the Concept of Christian Soteriology Khezia Laurent Fiorentina Sitompul; Elsa Patricia Silalahi; Victor Deak
Indonesian Journal of Christian Education and Theology Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): August 2026
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/ijcet.v5i3.31

Abstract

This study examines the concept of salvation as a moral life from a Confucian ethical perspective and its relevance as a challenge to the concept of Christian soteriology. In Confucianism, salvation is not defined as human liberation from sin or the guarantee of eternal life, but rather as the achievement of a harmonious life through character formation, self-control, and the application of moral values such as ren (humanity), li (manners and order), and yi (righteousness and justice). In contrast, Christianity views salvation as a work of God's grace revealed through Jesus Christ to free humanity from sin and restore humanity's relationship with God. This study employed a qualitative method with a library research approach. Primary data sources were obtained from Confucius's Analects and the Bible, while secondary data sources were obtained from theological books, scientific journals, academic articles, and previous research related to Confucian ethics and Christian soteriology.
Theological Reconstruction of Christian Religious Education: An Analysis of Robert W. Pazmiño’s Concept of God Our Teacher and the Development of a Trinitarian-Formative Christian Education Paradigm Nella Mariana Panjaitan
Indonesian Journal of Christian Education and Theology Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): August 2026
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/ijcet.v5i3.32

Abstract

The findings reveal that the concept of God Our Teacher positions God as the source, purpose, and center of the entire educational process. Christian education is understood as participation in the work of the Triune God, who shapes individuals through relationships, community, discipleship, and spiritual transformation. The study further demonstrates that the Trinitarian foundation of Pazmiño’s educational thought offers significant pedagogical implications for cultivating relational, communal, and transformative forms of education amid the challenges of digital culture. The novelty of this study lies in the development of the Trinitarian-Formative Christian Education paradigm, which integrates Trinitarian theology, spiritual formation, communal pedagogy, and digital discipleship as a conceptual framework for twenty-first-century Christian Religious Education. This paradigm contributes to the theoretical advancement of Christian Religious Education scholarship while providing a renewed direction for contextual and relevant faith formation practices in contemporary society.
Biblical Inerrancy as an Epistemological Foundation for Christian Religious Education in Indonesia Nella Mariana Panjaitan
Indonesian Journal of Christian Education and Theology Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): August 2026
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/ijcet.v5i3.33

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the relevance of the principles of the CSBI as an epistemological foundation for Christian Religious Education in Indonesia. Employing a library research method with a descriptive-analytical approach, the study examines theological and Christian education literature relevant to the topic. The findings indicate that the concept of biblical inerrancy provides a strong epistemological foundation for Christian Religious Education by positioning Scripture as the primary source of truth, values, and character formation. In addition to strengthening Christian educational identity, the principles of the CSBI offer a conceptual framework that enables students to engage critically and responsibly with the challenges of the digital age. The novelty of this study lies in its conceptual analysis of the CSBI as an epistemological foundation for Christian Religious Education within Indonesia’s pluralistic and digitalized context.
Pastoral Care and the Renewal of Sunday School Teachers’ Commitment to Ministry: A Review through the Lens of Henri Nouwen’s Framework Luosje Treesje Luas; Valensia Sipir
Indonesian Journal of Christian Education and Theology Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): August 2026
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/ijcet.v5i3.34

Abstract

Sunday School teachers play a crucial role in the faith formation of children, yet they often face emotional exhaustion and a decrease in their ministry intensity. This study aims to understand how pastoral care can enhance Sunday School teacher engagement using Henri Nouwen's framework. The method used was a qualitative case study approach through in-depth interviews with two Sunday School teachers. The results indicate that the decline in ministry intensity is not due to a lack of commitment, but rather to emotional exhaustion, a lack of team support, and personal life stress. Relational and empathetic pastoral care, which provides space for ministers to share experiences, significantly restores their ministry enthusiasm. These findings emphasize the importance of paying attention to the minister's inner state as an integral part of successful children's ministry.
Theological and Anthropological Analysis of the Representation of the Pig Feast Tradition in Documentary Films in Papua Umas Tabuni
Indonesian Journal of Christian Education and Theology Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): August 2026
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/ijcet.v5i3.35

Abstract

The study aims to analyze the representation of the pig feast tradition in a documentary film and to identify the theological and anthropological meanings embedded within it. This research employs a qualitative approach using content analysis of a single documentary film as the main data source. Data collection techniques are conducted through visual observation by watching, taking notes, and classifying relevant scenes, which are then analyzed descriptively and interpretatively without involving respondents or field informants. The findings show that the pig feast tradition is represented as a cultural practice with a spiritual dimension, expressed as a form of gratitude and a relationship with local belief systems, while also functioning as a social mechanism that strengthens solidarity, social structure, and the identity of Papuan communities
Strengthening Theology-Based Spirituality to Enhance Mental Resilience in the Era of Social Disruption Rotua Dominika Sinaga; Yofince Abatan
Indonesian Journal of Christian Education and Theology Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): August 2026
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/ijcet.v5i3.36

Abstract

Social disruption heightens psychological strain and demands resources that sustain mental resilience. This study examined the potential effectiveness of a six-week theology-based spirituality program. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design combined a nonequivalent pretest-posttest control-group quasi-experiment with semi-structured interviews. Eighty purposively recruited adults were assigned nonrandomly to intervention and control groups (40 each), and 16 intervention participants were interviewed. ANCOVA controlling for baseline resilience showed a higher adjusted posttest score in the intervention group than in the control group (29.87 vs. 24.78), F (1, 77) = 41.21, p < .001, partial eta squared = .349. Qualitative themes included meaning-making, emotion regulation, adaptation, hope, and community support. The program may complement pastoral counseling and community-based mental health promotion.
Intergenerational Dharma Negotiation and Hindu Ethical Identity Reconstruction in Rapidly Transforming Social Environments I Made Wiguna Yasa; I Wayan Darna; Luh Dewi Pusparini
Indonesian Journal of Christian Education and Theology Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): August 2026
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/ijcet.v5i3.38

Abstract

Rapid social transformation is reshaping how Hindu communities understand, practice, and transmit Dharma, generating intergenerational negotiation between inherited traditions and contemporary social demands. This study examines how Dharma is negotiated across generations and how Hindu ethical identity is reconstructed within rapidly transforming social environments. Using qualitative constructivist grounded theory, data were collected from 28 informants representing younger, adult, and older generations, as well as religious and customary leaders, through in-depth interviews, focus groups, observation, and documentation. Data were analyzed through initial coding, focused coding, constant comparison, and theoretical integration. Findings indicate that Hindu ethical identity is reconstructed through selective retention, reinterpretation, and adaptation of Dharma. Hindu ethical continuity is therefore sustained through adaptive intergenerational negotiation.

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