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African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Published by Lembaga Yasin Alsys
ISSN : -     EISSN : 15957969     DOI : https://doi.org/10.58578/AMJSAI
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence aims to publish high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship that advances scientific knowledge and fosters multidisciplinary integration across the sciences, engineering, health, agriculture, environmental studies, and artificial intelligence. • Scientific Advancement: disseminate rigorous empirical, experimental, analytical, and computational studies across core and applied scientific fields. • Artificial Intelligence Integration: encourage responsible and evidence-based use of AI in scientific discovery, modeling, prediction, diagnosis, and optimization. • Multidisciplinary Convergence: promote studies that connect multiple scientific domains to address complex technical, environmental, biological, and societal challenges. • Innovation and Application: support research that translates scientific and technological knowledge into usable solutions, systems, products, or interventions. Submissions should clearly formulate the research problem, report methods transparently, present defensible evidence, and articulate a well-defined contribution to scientific knowledge and/or multidisciplinary application.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 111 Documents
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The Impact of Industrial Effluent Discharge on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Agricultural Soil Oronsaye Ifeoma; Maduagwu Chinonso Emmanuel
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v2i2.5341

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of agricultural industrial effluent discharge on soil and crops. Soil and crop samples from agricultural fields irrigated with industrial effluent were collected between August 2024 and January 2025. The samples were analysed for heavy metals, including Zinc, Copper, Iron, Lead, Manganese, Cadmium, and Chromium, using standard analytical methods. Data were processed using simple descriptive statistics with Microsoft Excel. Results indicated that Zinc concentrations in crops from Farms 3 to 5 ranged from 0.08 to 0.3 mg/kg, within the WHO/FAO safe limit of 0.60 mg/kg. However, crop samples from Farms 1 and 2 exceeded the WHO/FAO permissible Zinc limit. The concentrations of Copper, Zinc, Iron, and Cadmium in the crops were generally within the WHO permissible levels. The accumulation of heavy metals in crops followed the order: Potatoes, Guinea corn, Garden Egg, Maize and Okra. The findings suggest that the consumption of crops from Farms 1 and 2 could pose significant health risks. The study recommends treating industrial effluent before discharge to mitigate potential health hazards.
Electricricity Generation from Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) in Kano Metropolis, through Different Waste to Energy Conversion Processes: A Comparative Study Baba M. T.; Adamu A. A.; Yola I. A.
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v2i2.5383

Abstract

The study intends to carry out a Comparative study of different Waste to Energy (WTE) conversion processes (Incineration, Anaerobic Digestion, and Landfill Gas to Energy) in terms of Electricity Generation from Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria in order to determine the most favourable process among them. The amount of landfill gas from the landfills sites (dumpsites) in Kano metropolis was estimated using Landfill Gas Emission Model (LandGEM) 3.02 software. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) methods (ASTM D5231) and (ASTM D2382-88), per capita waste generation and the population data obtained from national population commission (NPC), LandGEM 3.02 software, laboratory bomb calorimeter (Model 6100, Bomb Calorimeter, Parr Instrument Co., Moline, Illinois), were used as materials for the study. The results revealed that the amount of waste that could be used for landfill gas to energy Incineration, and Anaerobic Digestion were estimated as 9.004,560.61 tons/yr, 4,556,887.64 tons/yr and 4,447,672.97 tons/yr respectively. It was also known that, based on the amount of electricity that can be generated, the LFGTE presents the appropriate option of WTE process for Kano metropolis, Nigeria with electricity generation of 33,175,973.48KWh/yr. It is recommended that further study be carried out on the economic feasibility of the two processes.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Co-Infection with Salmonella typhi in Wukari North-East Nigeria Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye Brown; Eze Emmanuel Onyemaechi; Ikrimah Usman Mohammed; Tanko Saadatu Yahaya
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v2i2.5384

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and typhoid fever remain significant public health concerns, particularly in resource-limited settings where sanitation and healthcare infrastructure are inadequate. This study investigated the prevalence of HBV, Salmonella typhi, and their co-infection among febrile patients attending the General Outpatient Department (GOPD) of Federal University Teaching Hospital, Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. A total of 50 patients aged 15–65 years were recruited, and blood samples were analyzed using serological assays for HBV and Widal tests for Salmonella typhi detection. The study found an overall HBV prevalence of 30%, with males (37%) having a higher prevalence than females (21.7%). The prevalence of Salmonella typhi was 44%, with females (52.2%) showing a higher infection rate than males (37%). The co-infection rate of HBV and typhoid was 12%, with males (18.5%) exhibiting a higher burden than females (4.3%). The highest HBV prevalence was observed in individuals aged 31–40 years (34.7%), while typhoid was most prevalent in the 20–30 years (71.4%) and 41–50 years (70%) age groups. Co-infection was most common in the 31–40 years (21.7%) group. The findings suggest that gender, age, and exposure to risk factors such as poor hygiene and unsafe practices contribute to the high prevalence of these infections. The study underscores the need for enhanced public health interventions, including vaccination, improved sanitation, health education, and regular screening programs to mitigate the spread of HBV and typhoid fever.
An Assessment of Rainfall Variability and Trends in Wukari, Nigeria from 1981 to 2021 Moses Oluoke Omopekunola; Abel Jacob; Ahmed Abubakar; Augustina Achimugu
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v2i2.5402

Abstract

This study assessed the trends and variability of rainfall in Wukari, Nigeria, from 1981 to 2021, using the ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis data sets. Rainfall trends and variations over the study period were analyzed using Mann Kendal trend test and the Theil Sen slope estimator. The assessment of monthly rainfall variation for the rainy months (May-October) showed an increasing trend for August, September, and October, with August having the highest increasing trend of magnitude 0.051 mmmonth-1. The result also showed an encroachment of the dry spell towards the rainy season and vice versa. This will create a variation in onset of rainfall and cessation in the coming decades, which will affect the farming season in Wukari in terms of the time of planting and harvesting of crops. A decline in annual rainfall of magnitude -0.005mm/ year was observed within the period 1981 to 2021. The rainfall pattern revealed a periodic trend on a decadal basis with an increasing trend been followed be decreasing trend in the next decade. The highest increasing trend of magnitude 0.73 mmdecade-1 was observed in the third decade, and the highest decreasing trend in the fourth decade, with magnitude -0.93 mmdecade-1. Based on the trend pattern, an increasing trend in rainfall amount is expected in next decade (2021-2030), with a higher increasing trend magnitude greater than that of the third decade. Therefore, it is recommended that Government Agencies and stakeholders in the agriculture sector should be proactive in educating/enlightening farmers on the likelihood of a change in the farming season and make adequate preparation to mitigate the effect of flooding in the area.
Latent Gains or Losses: A Gauge of Trade Policy Objective Compliance in Food and Live Animals by Ecowas Member Nations D. M. Nyajo; G. O. Onogwu
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v2i2.5512

Abstract

This study examines the trade dynamics of food and live animals among Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) members from 2008 to 2023, focusing on the volumes of exports, imports, and net trade. The primary objective is to evaluate the latent gains and losses each member nation incurs in relation to the ECOWAS trade policy aimed at achieving zero tariffs on intra-community imports. Data were collected from the United Nations Commodity Trade (UNComtrade) through the Trade Analysis and Information System Window. The analysis involved isolating the most-favored-nation tariffs to compute the latent revenue implications for member nations, distinguishing between tariff revenue gains—taxes avoided by importing from ECOWAS—and tariff revenue losses, which represent potential earnings for exporting economies under duty-free arrangements. Findings reveal significant revenue losses for countries such as Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Senegal, and Nigeria, which maintain the trade liberalization policy at the expense of accruable revenues while being net exporters to other member states. Conversely, nations benefiting from net imports gain from the zero-tariff policy. The study advocates for enhanced engagement in the trade of valuable food and live animals, enabling member nations to strengthen their positions as net exporters in areas of comparative advantage. This strategic shift is essential for sustaining the sub-regional trade policy and fostering long-term growth and development through enhanced intra-regional trade.
Study on Some Mechanical Properties of Waste PET and Sand Composites Jamila Umar Atiku; Ago Mikyitsabu Atoshi; Andrew Alheri; Andema Kanadi Aaron; Peter Micheal Dass
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v2i2.5513

Abstract

The escalating issue of plastic waste, particularly polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poses significant environmental challenges in Nigeria due to its resistance to natural degradation. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of recycling waste PET into composite materials by incorporating sand sourced from three distinct locations. Composites were formulated by blending PET waste with sand in varying ratios, designated as samples A, B, and C. We meticulously evaluated the mechanical properties of these composites, focusing on impact strength, compressive strength, tensile strength, and hardness. The findings reveal that increasing sand content correlates with a decrease in impact strength, a trend consistent across all samples as PET content diminishes. Although compressive strength initially exhibits a slight increase with additional sand, it ultimately enhances with greater PET proportions. Conversely, tensile strength experiences a modest rise with increased sand and a significant improvement with elevated PET levels. Notably, hardness decreases with rising sand content but improves with higher PET levels. These results highlight the potential of PET-sand composites as sustainable construction materials, representing a practical approach to mitigating plastic waste while contributing to eco-friendly building practices.
Simulation of Realistic Motion in Computer Graphics Using Runge-Kutta Methods Ashok Kumar Mahato; Rahul Das; Suresh Kumar Sahani
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v2i2.5681

Abstract

This article looks into the use of the fourth-order Runge-Kutta (RK4) method in realistic motion simulation within computer graphics. With dynamic animations, there is an emerging need to solve physical systems using ordinary differential equations, for which RK4 is particularly useful due to its accuracy, stability, and balanced computational cost and efficiency. We implement motion phenomena with damped spring-mass systems by changing second-order differential equations into first-order systems that can be integrated using RK4. The results are measured against Euler and Midpoint methods for assessing stability, error control, and visual smoothness. In every instance, RK4 was found to be the most accurate, stable, and free from overshoot and jitter artifacts. The method demonstrates its effectiveness in real-time animation simulation, including but not limited to simulating cloth movement, flexible body motion, and character dynamic movements through progressive simulation and case studies. Even after undergoing extensive simulation durations, RK4 repeated proved to be supremely reliable regarding energy conservation, damping precision, and fidelity. While perhaps more costly in terms of computation than the more straightforward methods, RK4 remains highly tenable with today's processing capabilities. In addition to greatly improving the physics realism in simulations, the method is commendably applicable in Unity and PhysX or Bullet visual engines. The study illustrates smooth and realistic animation with the help of RK4 while further establishing its importance as a fundamental method for motion graphics and simulation in academic research and industry use.
Assessment of Bacterial Population and Some Physicochemical Properties of Compost in Wukari LGA, Taraba State, Nigeria Clement Alex Onwu; Jamila Yakubu Umar; Patricia James Aliyu
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v2i2.6350

Abstract

Field studies were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University Wukari, to evaluate the bacterial population and selected physicochemical properties of compost in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. Eight compost treatments were tested: GCP (Gmelina leaf + cow dung + poultry droppings), SGCP (Sawdust + Gmelina leaf + cow dung + poultry droppings), RGCP (Rice husk + Gmelina leaf + cow dung + poultry droppings), MGCP (Maize stalks + Gmelina leaf + cow dung + poultry droppings), GCPU (Gmelina leaf + cow dung + poultry droppings + urea), SGCPU (Sawdust + Gmelina leaf + cow dung + poultry droppings + urea), RGCPU (Rice husk + Gmelina leaf + cow dung + poultry droppings + urea), and MGCPU (Maize stalks + Gmelina leaf + cow dung + poultry droppings + urea). Wood ash, water, and topsoil were added to all treatments. Compost pits (1 m³) were prepared for each treatment, replicated three times in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Turning, bacterial enumeration, and temperature recordings were conducted monthly. Results revealed significant variation in bacterial populations, with MGCPU recording the highest counts. Compost temperatures remained below 40°C across all stages, indicating decomposition occurred predominantly within the mesophilic range. Total nitrogen (TN) content varied significantly, with RGCPU yielding the highest TN value. Available phosphorus was moderate across treatments, while potassium levels showed no significant difference. Overall, RGCPU and MGCPU outperformed other treatments in terms of microbial activity and nutrient content. Thus, RGCPU is recommended as the most suitable composting treatment for the study area.
Effects of Pulverized Composting Methods on the Early Growth and Development of Khaya senegalensis in Maiduguri, Nigeria Garba Musa; Edward Ephraim Dishan; Mohammed Alimu Gupa
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v2i2.6351

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of pulverized composting methods surface and subsurface on the early growth and development of Khaya senegalensis in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Foliage from Khaya senegalensis, Gmelina arborea, Syzygium cumini, and Ziziphus spina-christi was collected within the University of Maiduguri premises, sundried, and pulverized using a motorized disc refiner. The pulverized materials were categorized as composting treatments (M1–M4) and subjected to decomposition for 30, 60, and 90 days at both surface (0 cm) and subsurface depths (45 cm, 60 cm, and 75 cm). Macro (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and micro (Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe) nutrient compositions were analyzed before and after the 90-day composting period. Potting media were prepared using river sand and compost in a 3:1 ratio. Seeds of Khaya senegalensis were sown at a depth of 3 cm, and growth parameters number of leaves (NOL), stem height (SHT), and stem diameter (SDM) were monitored weekly. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, regression, t-tests, and LSD for mean separation. Results indicated that compost derived from Gmelina arborea consistently yielded the lowest values for growth parameters over the eight-week period. Significant differences were observed in developmental traits such as root length, plant fresh and dry weights, root and leaf fresh weights, turgid weight, and leaf area, while root dry weight did not differ significantly across treatments. Analysis of composting methods revealed no significant differences (p < 0.05) in stem height and stem diameter throughout the observation period, though a variation in leaf number was noted at week six. This discrepancy may be attributed to differences in microbial activity and nutrient mineralization across composting methods.
A Continuous Class of A-Stable Block Generalized Backward Differentiation Formulae for Solving Stiff Problems of Ordinary Differential Equations Samson Yunusa; Solomon O. Adee; Alhaji Tahir
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v2i2.6355

Abstract

This paper presents the development and analysis of a continuous class of A-stable Block Generalized Backward Differentiation Formulae (BBDF) for the numerical solution of stiff ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The proposed methods, denoted as 4SCBGBDF and 4SHBGBDF, extend the conventional BBDF framework by incorporating continuous interpolation functions, which facilitate the generation of dense output without incurring additional computational cost. The block structure of these methods enables the simultaneous computation of multiple solution points within a single step, thereby enhancing computational efficiency and solution accuracy. A rigorous stability analysis confirms the A-stability of both methods, affirming their suitability for stiff initial value problems. Numerical experiments conducted on standard benchmark stiff problems validate the theoretical properties and demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed methods in terms of stability, accuracy, and computational efficiency. The results underscore the potential of continuous A-stable BBDF schemes as robust and reliable tools for solving stiff systems arising in scientific and engineering applications.

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