African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research aims to publish rigorous, peer-reviewed scholarship that advances clinical medicine, pharmacy, and health-related sciences through scientifically sound, ethically grounded, and practically relevant research. • Clinical Advancement: disseminate high-quality studies that strengthen diagnosis, treatment, patient care, and evidence-based clinical practice. • Pharmacy and Therapeutics: promote research on drug development, pharmacology, pharmaceutical practice, therapeutics, and medication-related outcomes. • Health-Science Integration: encourage interdisciplinary links among medicine, pharmacy, pathology, microbiology, physiology, public health, and allied biomedical sciences. • Practice and Impact: support studies with meaningful implications for clinical decision-making, pharmaceutical care, healthcare systems, and patient safety. Submissions should clearly define the medical or pharmaceutical problem, report methods transparently, present defensible evidence, and articulate a meaningful contribution to clinical or pharmacy research. Scope AJCMPR welcomes original research papers and related scholarly contributions in clinical medicine, pharmacy, and associated health sciences, especially studies with clear scientific rigor, biomedical relevance, and practical healthcare implications. • Clinical Medicine: internal medicine, clinical diagnosis, therapeutic interventions, disease management, and patient-centered clinical studies. • Pharmacy Research: pharmacology, pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical chemistry, clinical pharmacy, drug safety, and rational use of medicines. • Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences: pathology, microbiology, physiology, molecular medicine, toxicology, and related translational or laboratory-based investigations. • Public and Applied Health: health systems, community health, medication adherence, healthcare delivery, and applied studies relevant to medical and pharmaceutical practice. • Interdisciplinary Health Research: studies bridging medicine, pharmacy, and allied health sciences with clear relevance to clinical or therapeutic outcomes. Priority is given to original research articles that demonstrate methodological rigor, ethical compliance, and a clear contribution to clinical medicine, pharmaceutical science, or evidence-based healthcare practice.
Articles
57 Documents
<![CDATA[Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnancy: Bacterial Profile, Antibiogram, Electrolytes and Risk Factors in Otuoke and Environs, Bayelsa State, Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Buta Tarimotimi Sam]]>;
<![CDATA[Imarenezor Edobor Peter Kenneth]]>;
<![CDATA[Efere Y. Samson]]>;
<![CDATA[Elkanah Edet Usodo]]>;
<![CDATA[Otumbere Etiefa]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 3 No 2 (2026): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v3i2.9086
<![CDATA[Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain a major health concern during pregnancy due to their potential complications for both mother and fetus, particularly in resource-limited settings. This study investigated the bacterial etiology, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, cytokine responses, electrolyte alterations, and risk factors associated with UTIs among pregnant women in Otuoke and Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. A total of 300 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in selected hospitals were screened for UTIs, excluding those on antibiotic therapy. Urine, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid samples were processed using standard microbiological and serological techniques, bacterial isolates were identified and subjected to antibiogram testing, and interleukin-10 (IL-10) and electrolyte profiles were measured. Multivariate analysis was used to assess sociodemographic and clinical risk factors. The prevalence of UTI was 18.7% (56/300). Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen (8.7%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (2.7%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (2.7%), Proteus spp. (2.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1.4%), Citrobacter spp. (1.0%), and Streptococcus spp. (0.3%). High levels of resistance were observed to ampicillin, gentamicin, and ceftriaxone, whereas ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and cotrimoxazole remained effective against most isolates. IL-10 concentrations increased significantly with UTI severity, indicating an enhanced immunological response. Infected participants showed significant alterations in electrolyte and biochemical parameters, including elevated serum urea, creatinine, and proteinuria compared with controls (p < 0.05), with proteinuria demonstrating notable statistical significance (χ² = 13.39, p < 0.05); severe infections were associated with greater disturbances in sodium and potassium balance. Multiparity, low socioeconomic status, and limited educational attainment emerged as significant predictors of UTI occurrence. This study highlights a substantial burden of UTIs among pregnant women in the study area, accompanied by rising antibiotic resistance, and suggests that cytokines—particularly IL-10—and electrolyte abnormalities may serve as useful biomarkers in the immunopathology and diagnosis of UTIs during pregnancy. Routine screening, rational antibiotic use, and targeted health education are essential to reduce the incidence and complications of UTIs in this population.]]>
<![CDATA[The Anti-Sickling and Oxidative Properties of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Scent Leaf) ]]>
<![CDATA[Onwubiko U. I.]]>;
<![CDATA[Imo C.]]>;
<![CDATA[Onwubiko G. N.]]>;
<![CDATA[Dawoye Y.]]>;
<![CDATA[Rayyanu S. S.]]>;
<![CDATA[Solomon J. E.]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 3 No 2 (2026): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v3i2.9092
<![CDATA[This study evaluated the anti-sickling potential of the ethanol leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum using microscopy-based assays. The extract markedly reversed 2% sodium metabisulfite–induced sickled red blood cells to normal biconcave forms, and microscopic observations indicated that the percentage reversal of sickled cells was both concentration- and time-dependent. At 250 μg/mL, the percentage reversal of sickled cells at 0, 20, and 30 minutes was 77.00%, 72.31%, and 71.77%, respectively, whereas the control (absence of extract) showed no reversal. At 500 μg/mL, the corresponding reversals were 76.19%, 69.60%, and 74.00%, while at 1000 μg/mL they were 71.49%, 75.92%, and 87.70%, respectively, demonstrating enhanced anti-sickling activity at higher extract concentrations over time. UV–Visible spectrophotometric analysis of oxyhaemoglobin revealed a gradual increase in the 630 nm band, consistent with the oxidation of ferrous (Fe²⁺) oxyhaemoglobin to ferric (Fe³⁺) methaemoglobin; the absorbance peak at 650 nm, attributable to chlorophyll, was clearly distinguishable from the haemoglobin oxidation band at 630 nm. In addition, the ethanol leaf extract of O. gratissimum exhibited a stabilizing effect on erythrocyte haemolysis. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of aromatic and alkylic compounds, which may contribute to intracellular anti-sickling activity by interfering with haemoglobin S polymerization and, through their hydrophobic properties, may also modulate the erythrocyte lipid bilayer membrane.]]>
<![CDATA[Evaluating Public Awareness of Environmental Management Strategies for Malaria Control and Prevention: A Case Study of Michika Local Government Area ]]>
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Solomon O. Asare]]>;
<![CDATA[Tyem Lawal Danjuma]]>;
<![CDATA[Usenobong Morgan Akpan]]>;
<![CDATA[Ingwu Joseph Akem]]>;
<![CDATA[Emmanuel Olofu Omanchi]]>;
<![CDATA[Julius Ishaya Salman]]>;
<![CDATA[Kwabena Owusu Amoah]]>;
<![CDATA[Maryam Usman Ahmed]]>;
<![CDATA[Hauwa A. Umaru]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 3 No 2 (2026): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v3i2.9305
<![CDATA[This study investigated malaria awareness, environmental risk factors, and preventive practices among adult residents of Michika Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining structured questionnaires, key informant interviews, and field observations to generate comprehensive data. Using a multistage sampling technique, 300 adult participants were selected across five wards to ensure representative coverage. The questionnaire was pre-tested for clarity and reliability, yielding a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.78. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were examined through thematic analysis. The findings revealed high levels of malaria awareness, with more than 90% of respondents identifying mosquito bites as the primary mode of transmission; however, misconceptions such as attributing malaria to dirty water and contaminated food persisted. Environmental risk factors were widely recognized, particularly stagnant water, poor drainage, and open waste disposal, and field observations confirmed the presence of these conditions, especially in Michika I, which recorded the highest prevalence of stagnant water (88%) and blocked drainage (75%). Preventive practices varied across respondents, with mosquito net use emerging as the most common measure, reaching up to 80% in Michika I, whereas participation in community sanitation remained moderate. Perceptions of institutional responses were mixed, as only 50% of respondents in Michika I believed that government efforts to control malaria were adequate. These findings indicate that, despite strong individual awareness and relatively positive preventive behavior, persistent environmental challenges, limited community engagement, inadequate funding, poor infrastructure, and low participation continue to constrain malaria control efforts. The study underscores the need for integrated strategies that combine public education, environmental remediation, and multi-sectoral collaboration, and it provides an empirical basis for targeted policy interventions and future research on sustainable malaria control in Michika and comparable settings.]]>
<![CDATA[Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Selected Uropathogenic Bacteria from Female Patients Attending Hospitals in Parts of Southern Taraba, Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Brown Samuel Tamuno Cockeye]]>;
<![CDATA[Agwaranze Dawn Ify]]>;
<![CDATA[James Samuel Pelentovun]]>;
<![CDATA[Yusuf Precious Wama]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 3 No 2 (2026): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v3i2.9352
<![CDATA[Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain a major public health concern among women because of their high prevalence, recurrent occurrence, and rising antimicrobial resistance. This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence, molecular characteristics, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and associated risk factors of uropathogenic bacteria among 300 female patients aged 15–55 years in Wukari, Donga, and Ibi Local Government Areas of Southern Taraba. Midstream urine samples were collected and analyzed using standard microbiological procedures. Phenotypic identification was performed for all isolates, while molecular characterization using 16S rRNA gene sequencing was limited to Staphylococcus aureus (1%) and the opportunistic pathogens Brucella intermedia and Alcaligenes faecalis (0.3% each) because of the unusual phenotypic characteristics of the primary isolates. The prevalence of culture-positive UTIs was 13.6%, with Escherichia coli (6.3%) identified as the predominant pathogen, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (3%) and Proteus spp. (2.3%). Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed high resistance among Gram-negative isolates to ampicillin, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin, while 12.6% of isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR). Socio-demographic variables, including age, educational level, occupation, and residence, were significantly associated with UTIs (p < 0.05), whereas marital status and religion were not (p > 0.05). Sexual activity emerged as a significant behavioral risk factor, and the type of medication used, improper antibiotic use, and international travel were significantly associated with antibiotic resistance (p < 0.05). Clinically, hematuria and urinary pain or burning sensation were significantly associated with infection (p < 0.05). The study concludes that UTIs and multidrug-resistant uropathogens constitute an important health burden in this population. These findings contribute context-specific evidence on pathogen distribution, resistance patterns, and risk factors, and underscore the need for continuous surveillance, targeted health education, improved hygiene practices, and rational antibiotic stewardship.]]>
<![CDATA[The Role of Spiritual Practices in Enhancing Well-Being of Cancer Patients: A Phenomenological Study in Ibadan ]]>
<![CDATA[Oyebanji Israel Temitope]]>;
<![CDATA[Ogunbiyi David Oluwabukunmi]]>;
<![CDATA[Oyunwola Taiwo Olayinka]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 3 No 2 (2026): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v3i2.9354
<![CDATA[Although cancer care is often dominated by biomedical treatment, the psychosocial and existential dimensions of patients’ experiences remain critical to health outcomes and quality of life. This study examines the impact of spiritual practices on health outcomes and quality of life among cancer patients in Ibadan, Nigeria, with particular attention to coping mechanisms, religiously shaped health perceptions, and the integration of spiritual care within clinical practice. Addressing a gap in culturally relevant and patient-centred cancer care models in Nigeria, the study employed a phenomenological approach involving 20 purposively selected patients. The findings show that spiritual practices function as important frameworks for meaning-making, emotional support, and enhanced self-efficacy, thereby strengthening patients’ resilience and capacity to cope with illness. At the same time, variations across Christianity, Islam, and African Traditional Religions, together with experiences of spiritual struggle and inadequate institutional support, reveal the complexity of integrating spiritual care into oncology settings. The study concludes that spiritual care can substantially enhance holistic well-being when it is aligned with patients’ beliefs and contexts. This research contributes to the development of more culturally adaptive and holistic cancer care by underscoring the need for spiritual care training for healthcare providers, collaboration with religious leaders, and the design of context-sensitive interventions that harmonize medical and spiritual support.]]>
<![CDATA[Assessment of People’s Perception on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Wukari, Taraba State ]]>
<![CDATA[Egeonu US]]>;
<![CDATA[Asindaya GA]]>;
<![CDATA[Andemam T]]>;
<![CDATA[James S]]>;
<![CDATA[Mgbemena N]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 3 No 2 (2026): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v3i2.9358
<![CDATA[COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy remains a major public health challenge in Nigeria despite widespread awareness of the vaccine and its recognized role in preventing infection. This study evaluated the perceived causes of and possible preventive measures against COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Wukari Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria. A descriptive research design was adopted, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 600 respondents selected using a multistage random sampling technique, of which 595 questionnaires were successfully retrieved and analyzed using descriptive statistics and simple percentages. The findings showed that all respondents were aware of the COVID-19 vaccine, yet only 24.4% were willing to be vaccinated. Most respondents were aged 31–60 years (41.2%), with males constituting 65.5% and females 34.5% of the sample. The major perceived causes of vaccine hesitancy were fear of the unknown (26.9%), lack of trust in government (25.2%), and concerns about vaccine side effects (23.5%). The main measures suggested by respondents to reduce hesitancy included making COVID-19 vaccination compulsory (25.2%) and building trust between government and citizens. The study concludes that high awareness alone does not ensure vaccine acceptance, as perceptions shaped by fear, mistrust, and safety concerns remain significant barriers. These findings contribute context-specific evidence for public health planning and imply that extensive multi-target health campaigns and more inclusive engagement with target populations are necessary to address public concerns and improve vaccine acceptance.]]>
<![CDATA[Awareness and Perceptions of Exclusive Breastfeeding as a Method of Birth Control Among Catholic Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Rural Communities ]]>
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Hauwa A. Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Tyem Lawal Danjuma]]>;
<![CDATA[Solomon O. Asare]]>;
<![CDATA[Inemesit Samuel Essien]]>;
<![CDATA[Ingwu Joseph Akem]]>;
<![CDATA[Genevieve A. Yeboah]]>;
<![CDATA[Julius Ishaya Salman]]>;
<![CDATA[Katchin Evelyn Shadrach]]>;
<![CDATA[Maryam Usman Ahmed]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 3 No 2 (2026): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v3i2.9402
<![CDATA[Although exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is widely recognized for its nutritional and immunological benefits, its role as a natural contraceptive through the Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) remains insufficiently understood, particularly in rural communities where cultural and religious beliefs shape reproductive decisions. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness, perceptions, and barriers to the adoption of EBF as a method of birth control among Catholic pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in rural communities, while also examining the influence of education and religious beliefs on knowledge and acceptance of LAM. A quantitative survey design was employed using a structured questionnaire administered to 165 Catholic pregnant women. The instrument covered demographic characteristics, awareness of EBF and LAM, perceptions and beliefs, and barriers to adoption. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to examine associations between variables. The findings showed that most respondents were aged 25–34 years (47.3%) and married (84.8%). Although 61.8% had heard of EBF as a birth control method, only 35.2% were familiar with the term LAM, and only 25.5% understood its three effectiveness criteria. Perceptions were mixed, with 47.9% considering EBF a reliable method and 59.4% believing that it aligns with Catholic teachings. The main barriers identified were lack of counseling (51.5%), cultural pressure (43.6%), and fear of pregnancy despite amenorrhea (36.4%). Education level was significantly associated with awareness of LAM (p = 0.03). The study concludes that, despite the perceived compatibility of natural family planning with Catholic teaching, substantial informational and practical barriers continue to limit informed adoption of EBF as a contraceptive method in rural settings. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the gap between religious acceptance and practical knowledge, and underscore the need for strengthened health education, engagement of religious leaders, and literacy-sensitive interventions to support safe and informed use of EBF for birth control.]]>
