African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research aims to publish rigorous, peer-reviewed scholarship that advances clinical medicine, pharmacy, and health-related sciences through scientifically sound, ethically grounded, and practically relevant research. • Clinical Advancement: disseminate high-quality studies that strengthen diagnosis, treatment, patient care, and evidence-based clinical practice. • Pharmacy and Therapeutics: promote research on drug development, pharmacology, pharmaceutical practice, therapeutics, and medication-related outcomes. • Health-Science Integration: encourage interdisciplinary links among medicine, pharmacy, pathology, microbiology, physiology, public health, and allied biomedical sciences. • Practice and Impact: support studies with meaningful implications for clinical decision-making, pharmaceutical care, healthcare systems, and patient safety. Submissions should clearly define the medical or pharmaceutical problem, report methods transparently, present defensible evidence, and articulate a meaningful contribution to clinical or pharmacy research. Scope AJCMPR welcomes original research papers and related scholarly contributions in clinical medicine, pharmacy, and associated health sciences, especially studies with clear scientific rigor, biomedical relevance, and practical healthcare implications. • Clinical Medicine: internal medicine, clinical diagnosis, therapeutic interventions, disease management, and patient-centered clinical studies. • Pharmacy Research: pharmacology, pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical chemistry, clinical pharmacy, drug safety, and rational use of medicines. • Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences: pathology, microbiology, physiology, molecular medicine, toxicology, and related translational or laboratory-based investigations. • Public and Applied Health: health systems, community health, medication adherence, healthcare delivery, and applied studies relevant to medical and pharmaceutical practice. • Interdisciplinary Health Research: studies bridging medicine, pharmacy, and allied health sciences with clear relevance to clinical or therapeutic outcomes. Priority is given to original research articles that demonstrate methodological rigor, ethical compliance, and a clear contribution to clinical medicine, pharmaceutical science, or evidence-based healthcare practice.
Articles
57 Documents
<![CDATA[Burkholderia Cepacia Complex: A Cause of Dental Caries in Uyo, Southern Nigeria State ]]>
<![CDATA[Mary Athanasius Udoh]]>;
<![CDATA[Ifeanyi Abraham Onwuezobe]]>;
<![CDATA[Anthony Nathaniel Umo]]>;
<![CDATA[Victoria Intimate Kingsley]]>;
<![CDATA[Amina Jummai Shehu]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i2.5121
<![CDATA[Background. Dental caries is a common oral disease worldwide, and it affects above 90% of the population. Several bacteria species are implicated in caries; many of which are the normal microbiota of the buccal cavity. These bacteria are often opportunistic. Caries process starts from proliferation of oral flora, establishment of non-oral bacteria, and production of biofilm leading to plaque formation. This serves as a shield for pathogenic bacteria from being eliminated by antibiotics. The aim of this study was to find out the dominant bacteria of caries in Uyo, and factors that influence their occurrence. Methods. One hundred and twenty plaque samples of participants were analyzed using standard laboratory methods; biochemical and antibiotics susceptibility tests results were obtained using Vitek 2 System (bioMe´rieux). CTX-M, TEM and OXA resistance genes were analyzed for, and were amplified on an ABI 9700 Applied Biosystems thermal cycler using pre-determined conditions set. Results. Nine (9 (33.3%) Gram-positive bacteria and 18 (66.7%) Gram-negative bacterial isolates were obtained. The dominant isolate was Burkholderia cepacia complex 7 (25.9%), while some of the least were; Pediococcus pentosaceus 1 (3.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae 1 (3.7%). Ceftazidime was the antibiotic B. cepacia were mostly resistant to, but greatly sensitive to Amikacin and Tobramycin. Six B. cepacia isolates (out of 7 identified) were further analyzed molecularly by 16s rRNA sequencing. Burkholderia cenocepacia (2 isolates) and Burkholderia cepacia (4 isolates) were the two species identified. Conclusions. B. cepacia complex is known to cause major complications in cystic fibrosis and immunocompromised patients. Therefore, it is a major health challenge for it to be implicated in caries in Uyo, as it can easily spread to different parts of the body (the lungs inclusive) through the carious tooth. It is also an established fact that B. cepacia resistance genes rapidly disseminate, making treatment difficult.]]>
<![CDATA[Effects of Reproductive and Contractile Potential of “Makann” a Bi-herbal Formulation in Mice ]]>
<![CDATA[Anne Oghenekevwe Itemire]]>;
<![CDATA[MacDonald Idu]]>;
<![CDATA[Bafor Evi Enitome]]>;
<![CDATA[Benjamin Ogunma Gabriel]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i2.5154
<![CDATA[Spontaneous uterine contractions are strictly controlled and coordinated for the success of various reproductive functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate uterine activity of bi-herbal formulation of G. kola and C. papaya roots in rodents. Ex-vivo BH cumulative concentrations response on spontaneous contractions, oxytocin induced contraction in the presence and absence of calcium and potassium induced contraction were determined. In vivo reproductive investigation in female mice and oestrogenicity in immature rats were carried out using standard methods. In uterine contractility studies, there was an increase in amplitude of spontaneous contractions with a steady decrease in the frequency. An increase in oxytocin amplitude and frequency was observed in calcium physiological salt solution (PSS) however, only amplitude was increased in oxytocin calcium-free PSS. Potassium chloride had a slight increase in amplitude. The reproductive cycle and uterothrophic assay exhibited no significant increase in relative uterine weight. The histology of the ovary, cervix and uterus showed normal cellular structural architecture. Oestrous cycle regularity and cycle number were increased in the BH treatment groups. In conclusion, an increase in female hormone as evident in oestrous cycle response validate the use of this formulation in traditional medicine for the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding.]]>
<![CDATA[Phytochemistry and Uterine Contractile Effect of VLC Fractionated Bi-herbal Formulation “Makann” in Mice ]]>
<![CDATA[Anne Oghenekevwe Itemire]]>;
<![CDATA[MacDonald Idu]]>;
<![CDATA[Bafor Evi Enitome]]>;
<![CDATA[Josephine Omose Ofeimun]]>;
<![CDATA[Benjamin Ogunma Gabriel]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i2.5155
<![CDATA[This study evaluate the phytochemistry, uterine activity of a bi-herbal formulation of G. kola and C. papaya roots in rodents. Identification of phytochemical compounds in BH was done using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and fractionated with vacuum liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography. Ex-vivo BH elicited cumulative concentrations response on spontaneous contractions of oxytocin-induced contraction in the presence and absence of calcium and potassium induced contraction. The Phytochemicals showed alkaloids (Hordenine, Cytisine, Methyl Jasmonate, Galanthamine and an unidentified compound), flavonoids (benzoic acid, isoquercetin, rutin, chlorogenic acid and an unidentified compound), phenols (eugenol and ferulic acid) and cardiac glycosides (metildigoxin, cymarin and alpha-acetyldigoxin). The fractions were tested for spontaneous uterine contractions. Uterine contraction had an isncrease in amplitude spontaneous contractions with a steady decrease in frequency. In conclusion, the results obtained from this study adhere to the folklore report, validating its myometrial contractile response with the implicated phytoconstituents.]]>
<![CDATA[Potential of Aqueous Leaves Extract of Jatropha Gossypiifolia Seed Against Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats ]]>
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Tensaba Andes Akafa]]>;
<![CDATA[Ingwu Joseph Akem]]>;
<![CDATA[Joseph Oteng]]>;
<![CDATA[Ocheifa Mathew Ngbede]]>;
<![CDATA[Ashaka Fidelis Utioukpan]]>;
<![CDATA[Aboki Nwunuji Mijinyawa]]>;
<![CDATA[Odok Endurance Akam]]>;
<![CDATA[Ogholo Ogholo Ekup]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i2.5185
<![CDATA[While many methods exist for measuring the impact of AIDS, treatment remedy the human development approach focuses on people rather than medical or economic indicators. Human Development Index captures three basic dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life—measured by life expectancy at birth; knowledge—measured by adult literacy and school enrolment; and standard of living—measured by per capita gross domestic product. Thus, investigate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Jatropha gossypiifolia seed in highly active antiretroviral therapy administered rats. Liver is a metabolically active organ responsible for many vital life functions. It performs many activities that are critical for survival. Due to its important activities, the liver is exposed to a number of insults and is one of the body's organs most subject to injury. In spite of tremendous advances in modern medicine, there are hardly any reliable drugs that protect the liver from damage and/or help in regeneration of hepatic cell. It is, therefore, necessary to search for effective and safe herbal drugs for the treatment of liver disease to replace currently used drugs of doubtful efficacy and safety. Hence, the need to evaluate the aqueous extract of Jatropha gossypiifolia seed in highly active antiretroviral therapy (Lamivudine, Zidovudine and Efavirenz) administered rats. Sixty rats weighed between 150-200g were randomly divided into six groups and each group comprised of ten rats. Rats in group I were administered with distilled water. Rats in group II were administered with highly active antiretroviral therapy only. Rats in groups III - VI were administered 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg Jatropha gossypiifolia seed plus highly active antiretroviral therapy respectively. The treatments were given orally for 28 consecutive days. On the 29th day, all rats were sacrificed under light diethyl ether anaesthesia; blood samples were collected for the assessment of biochemical parameters, while Serum levels of liver enzymes ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT were significantly (p<0.05) increased and albumin concentration was significantly decreased in animals treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy as compared to the normal control. Treatment of highly active antiretroviral therapy exposed animals with Jatropha gossypiifolia seed showed marked improvement in biochemical findings. Rise in liver enzymes was almost restored to normal in animals treated with Jatropha gossypiifolia seed. Jatropha gossypiifolia seed through its antioxidant activity effectively protects highly active antiretroviral therapy induced liver toxicity.]]>
<![CDATA[Managing Diabetes Mellitus in Chronic Kidney Disease: Approaches ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Akram]]>;
<![CDATA[Tahmina Maqbool]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohammed Khudhair Hasan]]>;
<![CDATA[Hind A. Abdulghafoor]]>;
<![CDATA[Fahad Said Khan]]>;
<![CDATA[Gaweł Sołowski]]>;
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i2.5222
<![CDATA[The main objective of this article is to review the medical management of the disease known as “diabetes mellitus” and its general consequences. To assess the risks and benefits of intensive glycemic control in patients with diabetic kidney disease, the search was refined using the following specific terms: “diabetic nephropathy” and “kidney disease”, as well as “diabetes management” and “antidiabetic agents” or “oral hypoglycemic agents”. A unique challenge. Due to changes in insulin production, glucose transport and metabolism, impaired renal function is associated with hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Management of hyperglycemia is more difficult in patients with diabetic nephropathy, which often requires a change in the treatment regimen. When changing diabetes medications and insulin regimens, healthcare teams responsible for the care of these patients must be vigilant and organized to make such changes.]]>
<![CDATA[In Vitro Anti-HIV Activity of Rosa centifolia, (Leaves and Roots) Extract on HIV-1UG070 and HIV-1VB59 in TZM-bl and PM1 Cell Lines ]]>
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Ingwu Joseph Akem]]>;
<![CDATA[Tensaba Andes Akafa]]>;
<![CDATA[Ocheifa Mathew Ngbede]]>;
<![CDATA[Joseph Oteng]]>;
<![CDATA[Ashaka Fidelis Utioukpan]]>;
<![CDATA[Aboki Nwunuji Mijinyawa]]>;
<![CDATA[Odok Endurance Akam]]>;
<![CDATA[Ogholo Ogholo Ekup]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i2.5223
<![CDATA[Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is still contributing significantly in morbidities and mortalities in the world today, more especially in developing countries. The drugs normally use to reat the infection is costly, toxic, and less effective due to resistance by HIV. In view of that an assessment of In Vitro Anti-HIV Activity of Rosa centifolia, (Leaves and Roots) Extract on HIV-1UG070 and HIV-1VB59 in TZM-bl and PM1 Cell Lines. Thus, the present therapy also has limitations of development of multidrug resistance, with a need for the discovery of novel anti-HIV compounds from plants as a potential alternative in combating HIV disease. Methods: The medicinal plant was tested for entry and replication inhibition against laboratory adapted strains HIV-1IIIB, HIV-1Ada5 and primary isolates HIV-1UG070, HIV-1VB59 in TZM-bl cell lines and primary isolates HIV-1UG070, HIV-1VB59 in PM1 cell lines. The plant extracts were further evaluated for toxicity in HEC-1A epithelial cell lines by trans well epithelial model. Results: The methanolic extracts of Rosa centifolia inhibited laboratory adapted HIV-1 strains (IC80 29.17-78.43μg/ml) and primary isolates (IC80 30.4-118μg/ml) in TZM-bl cells. Conclusion: These active methanolic extracts of Rosa centifolia, (leaves and roots) could be further subjected to chemical analysis to investigate the active moiety responsible for the anti-HIV activity. Methanolic extract of Rosa centifolia was found to be well tolerated maintaining the epithelial integrity of HEC-1A cells in vitro and thus has potential for investigating it further the phytochemical responsible for these activities.]]>
<![CDATA[A Cross-Sectional Survey of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Its Association with Lifestyle and Toiletting Behaviour of Young Female Undergraduates in South-West Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Zaki Desmond A.]]>;
<![CDATA[Karaga Ali M.]]>;
<![CDATA[Dan Inu Audu M.]]>;
<![CDATA[Williams Torojah M.]]>;
<![CDATA[Christopher Rapheal]]>;
<![CDATA[Olugbenga Mary M.]]>;
<![CDATA[Audu Anthony M.]]>;
<![CDATA[Owolabi Jeremiah A.]]>;
<![CDATA[Jeremiah Janet H.]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i2.5279
<![CDATA[Introduction: Previous studies have explored Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) among elderly females and the middle aged, yet limited studies have been carried out on the apparently healthy younger female population especially in Nigeria. This study investigated the prevalence of LUTS, and its association with toileting behaviours, and lifestyle of young Nigerian female undergraduates. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 345 female undergraduates of Bowen University Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria aged 17 to 24 years. All participants completed the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire for Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (ICIQ-FLUTS), socio-demographic form and a toileting behavior data form. Spearman’s correlation test and Chi square were used for inferential statistics at 0.05 level of significance. Results: There was no significant relationship between LUTS and each of caffeine intake, carbonated drink intake and participation in physical activities. However, there was a significant association between sexual activity and filling symptoms (p=0.014), and incontinence symptoms (p=0.020), but no significant association with voiding symptoms (p=0.668). There was also no significant association between LUTS and toileting behaviour of participants. Conclusion: This study found high prevalence of LUTS among young female undergraduates. There was also an association between sexual activity and LUTS among participants. However, intake of caffeine and carbonated drinks, as well as lack of physical activity were found not be associated with LUTS in this population. Similarly, toileting behaviours had no association with LUTS, however, an experimental study design is recommended to further explore this.]]>
<![CDATA[The Advancements and Future of Regenerative Medicine ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Akram]]>;
<![CDATA[Urooj Rehman]]>;
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i2.5330
<![CDATA[The sector of healthcare is witnessing new advancements in the field of Regenerative Medicine as it aims to provide treatment options for previously considered unsolvable cases. Scientists are seeking ways through stem cell therapy, gene editing, and tissue engineering to restore or replace damaged tissues and organs. Stem cell therapy is a key player by creating tissues from non specialized cells. Tissue engineering and amplification of 3D bioprinting biomaterials allow the production of synthetic organs and therefore lessen the demand for actual organ donors. The use of CRISPR-Cas9 as a gene editing tool opens new opportunities for treating genetic issues such as cystic fibrosis or sickle cell anemia. The main challenge lies in the enormous expenditure, bureaucracy, ethics, and program rejection difficulty. Although these things slow the expansion of the methods to clinics, further deeper studying gives hope for the medicine to fully change the paradigm caring more about curing than relieving symptoms. The funds and innovations that go into regenerative therapies may prove one day to be the answer to millions globally.]]>
<![CDATA[Phytochemical and Mineral Composition of Triherbal Formulation ]]>
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Yakubu Ojochenemi Ejeh]]>;
<![CDATA[Isaac Eleojo Shaibu]]>;
<![CDATA[Agbo Christiana Onyindia]]>;
<![CDATA[Prosper Uneju Peter]]>;
<![CDATA[Victor Duniya Sheneni]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i2.5339
<![CDATA[Herbal combinations are widely used for the treatment of various diseases in the developing countries. Their ability in boosting the immune system is a function of Mineral constituents present. Currently available drugs have been associated with number of side effects. Herbal Combinations have often been used in traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda, unani, African, Chinese Medicine, and Western herbalism. Combination of herbs is superior with increased therapeutic efficacy to individual herb. Triherbal combinations consisting of (Mucuna pruriens, Phyllantus amarus and Securidaca longipedunculata) 1:1:1 ratio W/W. The study was aimed at investigating the phytochemical profile, in-vivo antioxidant activities, The quantitative Phytochemical result revealed present of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Terpenoids, Saponins and glycosides with Total phenol having the highest values (111.67±0.23mg/GAE/g) followed by (92.50±0.14mg/GAE/g). Chemical profiling analysis showed two prominent compounds chlorogenic acid (78.2 %) and Caffeic acid (21.8%.).The results of Mineral compositions clearly indicated that triherbal fromulation is a rich sources of minerals indicating the presence of the following: Sodium(Na), Potassium(k), Magnesium(Mg), Calcium(Ca), Iron(Fe), Phosphporus (P), and Zinc(Zn) with Magnesium having the highest value of (830.5±0.0) and the least value zinc (9.8±0.14). Conclusively, These findings indicate that these triherbal formulations contain the essential minerals and bioactive compounds consequently exhibiting diverse biochemical activities, through multiple mechanism that could probably boost the immune system, making this formulation a potential therapeutic interventions for preventing liver damage and maintaining overall health.]]>
<![CDATA[Antibacterial Potential of Lactobacillus-Derived Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances (BLIS) Against Group B Streptococcus (GBS): A Biotherapeutic Approach ]]>
<![CDATA[Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye Brown]]>;
<![CDATA[Ikrimah Usman Mohammed]]>;
<![CDATA[Eze Emmanuel Onyemaechi]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i2.5387
<![CDATA[Background: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a diverse group of Gram-positive, non-spore-forming bacteria known for their ability to produce antimicrobial substances such as bacteriocins and bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS). Aim: This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of BLIS produced by LAB against Group B Streptococcus (GBS) from vaginal samples of pregnant women attending Federal University Teaching Hospital Wukari, Nigeria. Methods: Vaginal swabs were collected from 50 pregnant women and processed for the isolation of LAB and GBS using selective media and biochemical characterization. Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances were extracted from LAB isolates and tested against GBS using the disk diffusion method. The effects of temperature and pH on BLIS activity were also evaluated. Results: The results revealed that LAB isolates exhibited varying degrees of antimicrobial activity against GBS. The BLIS produced were found to be moderately heat-stable, retaining activity up to 90°C but showing loss at 100°C. BLIS produced by selected isolates (S8, S4, and S2) maintained antimicrobial activity across a broad temperature range (30°C –100°C) and different pH conditions (5.5–8.0). The inhibitory effects of BLIS remained stable across different pH levels, reinforcing their potential as alternative antimicrobial agents. There was no significant difference in activity between crude and partially purified BLIS, suggesting they may be low-molecular-weight peptides. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that GBS isolates were resistant to levofloxacin, amoxicillin, and ampiclox, while ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin remained effective. Conclusion: This study underscores the potential of LAB-derived BLIS as natural antimicrobial agents for managing GBS infections. The effectiveness and stability of Lactobacillus-derived BLIS in various environmental conditions suggest its suitability for pharmaceutical and food industry applications. Further research on purification and molecular characterization could enhance its use in antimicrobial therapy.]]>
