African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research aims to publish rigorous, peer-reviewed scholarship that advances clinical medicine, pharmacy, and health-related sciences through scientifically sound, ethically grounded, and practically relevant research. • Clinical Advancement: disseminate high-quality studies that strengthen diagnosis, treatment, patient care, and evidence-based clinical practice. • Pharmacy and Therapeutics: promote research on drug development, pharmacology, pharmaceutical practice, therapeutics, and medication-related outcomes. • Health-Science Integration: encourage interdisciplinary links among medicine, pharmacy, pathology, microbiology, physiology, public health, and allied biomedical sciences. • Practice and Impact: support studies with meaningful implications for clinical decision-making, pharmaceutical care, healthcare systems, and patient safety. Submissions should clearly define the medical or pharmaceutical problem, report methods transparently, present defensible evidence, and articulate a meaningful contribution to clinical or pharmacy research. Scope AJCMPR welcomes original research papers and related scholarly contributions in clinical medicine, pharmacy, and associated health sciences, especially studies with clear scientific rigor, biomedical relevance, and practical healthcare implications. • Clinical Medicine: internal medicine, clinical diagnosis, therapeutic interventions, disease management, and patient-centered clinical studies. • Pharmacy Research: pharmacology, pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical chemistry, clinical pharmacy, drug safety, and rational use of medicines. • Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences: pathology, microbiology, physiology, molecular medicine, toxicology, and related translational or laboratory-based investigations. • Public and Applied Health: health systems, community health, medication adherence, healthcare delivery, and applied studies relevant to medical and pharmaceutical practice. • Interdisciplinary Health Research: studies bridging medicine, pharmacy, and allied health sciences with clear relevance to clinical or therapeutic outcomes. Priority is given to original research articles that demonstrate methodological rigor, ethical compliance, and a clear contribution to clinical medicine, pharmaceutical science, or evidence-based healthcare practice.
Articles
57 Documents
<![CDATA[Entrance Skin Dose of Patients Undergoing Chest X-Ray in Selected Hospitals in Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Bawa-Boyi E. U]]>;
<![CDATA[John, J. J]]>;
<![CDATA[Achimugu A]]>;
<![CDATA[Naphtali F. A]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v1i1.3815
<![CDATA[This study serves as a method of ensuring the quality of radiation exposure by examining the entrance skin doses of patients who undergo Chest X-ray procedures at three prominent diagnostic institutions - Federal Medical Center, Taraba State Specialist Hospital, and Am-Pat Diagnostic Center, all located in Jalingo, Taraba State. Radiation exposure acquired by patients during normal x-rays is known to enhance the risk of cancer. This was the key motivation for this investigation. The Entrance Skin Dose (ESD) for sampled individuals was computed using the 1984 Edmond’s formula. The research utilized a sampling population of 80 patients, divided into 20 samples each machine and subsequently categorized into 10 according to age groups. The average Entrance Skin Dose (ESD) for individuals aged 0-18 years ranged from 0.120 mGy recorded at FMC1 to 0.188 mGy at FMC2. Also the mean ESD for patients in the 19 and above age category had a range from 0.258 mGy at FMC2 to 0.400 mGy at TSSHJ. The Taraba State Specialist Hospital in Jalingo recorded a maximum mean Entrance Skin Dose (ESD) of 0.4mGy for adult patients which surpasses the standard of 0.30 mGy for a year set by the IAEA. From the results obtained, an immediate review of exposure parameters of the FMC2 and TSSHJ is recommended in order to reduce the ESD especially for the adult population so as to reduce the probability of cancer incidence and other radiation-induced side-effects.]]>
<![CDATA[Control of Post Harvest Fungal Deterioration of Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr.) Using Extracts of Plant Origin in Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Amadioha A. C]]>;
<![CDATA[Anidobu R. J]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v1i1.3835
<![CDATA[Post-harvest fungal deterioration of pineapple is the most important challenge in pineapple production value chain causing losses in both nutrient and market values. This research was undertaken to identify the fungal pathogens causing rot of pineapple fruits in storage and their control using the water and ethanol leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera, Azadirachta indica (Neem), and Carica payaya (pawpaw). Pathogenicity test of fungal isolates from infected pineapple fruit indicated Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solani as major pathogenic organisms causing storage rot of pineapple fruits. A. niger had the highest frequency of occurrence and most virulent recording the highest disease incidence and severity followed by R. solonfer and F. solani. The effects of both aqueous and ethanol extracts of the plant materials on rot development and spread in pineapple fruits by the pathogens showed that pineapple fruits sprayed with the plant extracts before inoculation of the pathogens recorded less disease incidence than those fruits spray-inoculated with pathogen before application of plant extracts suggesting that the extracts are better used as protectant before infection and development of disease. The ethanol leaf extracts were more effective than water extracts in reducing the disease incidence and severity of the pathogenic organisms in pineapple indicating that the solvent of extraction affected the antimicrobial activities of the test plant materials with ethanol extracting more active compounds than water as extracting solvent. The extracts of A. indica were most potent in the reduction of rot development and spread in pineapple indicating that the extracts contained more anti-fungal properties that affected the growth of the pathogenic organisms in vivo followed by extracts of C. papaya and M. oleifera. Extracts of these plant materials could therefore be exploited as pesticides of plant origin in the control of postharvest microbial deterioration of pineapple fruits and increase food production.]]>
<![CDATA[Evaluation of Water Purification Potentials of Moringa Seed (Moringa oleifera) In Jalingo Local Government Area of Taraba State ]]>
<![CDATA[Obadiah Saveni Yusuf]]>;
<![CDATA[Ajiduku Leyoa Abershi]]>;
<![CDATA[Solomon Chuanu]]>;
<![CDATA[Lipana Dorcas Bappa]]>;
<![CDATA[Nasiru Audu Ngabea]]>;
<![CDATA[Alice Njolke Mafe]]>;
<![CDATA[David Christopher Bando]]>;
<![CDATA[Danladi Mbosire Peter]]>;
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v1i1.3836
<![CDATA[Agricultural, Domestic and Industrial activities are all human activities that led to squalid of environment, mostly water pollution. Water is needed for every daily activities and conventional methods of treating wastewater such as the use of chlorine and other is detrimental to human health. Hence, there is need for a greener sustainable alternative of wastewater treatment such as biological method. This study focused on developing an efficient and cost-effective procedure for using Moringa oleifera seeds to produce natural coagulant for use in drinking water treatment. The study investigates processing Moringa oleifera seeds to concentrate the bio-active constituents which have coagulation activity. It is generally accepted that Moringa works as a coagulant due to positively charged, water-soluble proteins, which bind with negatively charged particles (silt, clay, bacteria, toxins, etc) thereby allowing the resulting “flocs” to settle to the bottom and then be removed by filtration. The turbidity removal was about 83-100% using two processed Moringa oleifera seeds to treat an undrinkable well water having 6 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU). The product satisfies WHO standards for portable water and minimizes the cost of water treatment and therefore it is recommended as an efficient and effective treatment for drinking water especially for the rural communities where there is poor access to potable water.]]>
<![CDATA[In Vitro Evaluation of Water and Ethanol Leaf Extracts of Moringa Oleifera Azadirachta Indica and Carica Payaya Against the Growth of Postharvest Fungal Pathogens of Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr.) ]]>
<![CDATA[Amadioha A. C]]>;
<![CDATA[Anidobu R. J]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v1i1.3837
<![CDATA[Fungi are primary infectious agents of agricultural products that cause significant economic losses of stored food products in Nigeria. Natural plant materials as alternative to synthetic pesticides are eco-friendly, readily available, biodegradable and cost effective. Pathogenicity test of fungal isolates from infected pineapple showed Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solani as pathogenic organisms causing postharvest deterioration of pineapple fruits. The in vitro evaluation of water and ethanol leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera, Azadirachta indica (Neem), and Carica payaya (pawpaw) was carried out to determine the antimicrobial potential of the plant extracts against the spore germination and mycelial radial growth of R. stolonifer, A. niger and F. solani causing rot disease of pineapple in storage. The ethanol and water leaf extracts of A. indica, M. oleifera and C. papaya evaluated as antifungal agents against the three pathogenic fungi in vitro exhibited varying levels of fungitoxicity on the spore germination and mycelia radial growth of the pathogens in culture. The inhibition of spore germination of the pathogens was in a dose dependent manner with 100 % concentration of Neem leaf extract being more potent in inhibiting the spore germination of the pathogens followed by pawpaw and Moringa leaf extracts. The effect of the plant extracts on the mycelia radial growth inhibition of the pathogenic organisms in culture was also concentration dependent with the extracts being more effective from 40% concentration across the test plant materials. However, ethanol leaf extracts were more effective than water extracts in inhibiting the spore germination and mycelia radial growth of the pathogenic organisms in culture indicating that the solvent of extraction affected the fungitoxic activities of extracts of the plant materials with ethanol extracting more active compounds than water as extracting solvent. The antifungal potentials of the test plant materials could be exploited as biopesticide of plant origin in the control of postharvest microbial deterioration of pineapple and sustain the nutritional and market values.]]>
<![CDATA[The Comparative Study of the Phytochemicals of Andrographis Paniculata and Rauvolfia Vomitoria for Their Medicinal Function in the Treatment of Some Ailment ]]>
<![CDATA[Audu H]]>;
<![CDATA[Ajibade G. A]]>;
<![CDATA[Abdulsalami M. O]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v1i1.3838
<![CDATA[This study was carried out to compare the phytochemicals in the leave, stem and root of both Andrographis paniculata and Rauvolfia vomitoria as well as to determine and compare the quantity of alkaloid in the leave extract due to their numerous medicinal values and difference in their origin. Medicinal Plants are sources of important therapeutic aid for alleviating human ailments. Andrographis paniculata (Nees) and Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel belong to the family of Apocynaceae.The genus are evergreen trees and shrubs. Research has shown that different parts of Andrographis paniculata indigenous to India are used for various diseases such as fever, dysentery, snake and insect bite, boils, hypertension etc while Rauvolfia vomitoria indigenous to Africa is traditionally used as an emetic, purgative and in the treatment of jaundice, gastrointestinal diseases, psychiatric disorders etc. The aqueous plant extracts were subjected to qualitative and quantitative screening using standard procedure. The result showed that paniculata contains more phytochemical than vomitoria but both plants contain the same amount of alkaloid in the leave extract which is said to be the active ingredient for the treatment of several ailments. Hence, there is the need to propagate their growth and standardize drugs from both plants.]]>
<![CDATA[In-Vitro Estimation of Total Phenolic, Flavonoid, Antioxidant Contents and Determination of Flavonoid, Amino Acid, and Vitamin Profiles of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Annona squamosa L. ]]>
<![CDATA[Ojochenemi Ejeh Yakubu]]>;
<![CDATA[Jankada Patience Audu]]>;
<![CDATA[Arowora Kayode Adebisi]]>;
<![CDATA[Danjuma Janya]]>;
<![CDATA[Abu Michael Sunday]]>;
<![CDATA[Shitta Nasisi Namuma]]>;
<![CDATA[Fidelis Okii Ekpo]]>;
<![CDATA[Maianguwa Abdulrashid Dauda]]>;
<![CDATA[Josephine Maina Sule]]>;
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v1i1.3865
<![CDATA[Since the beginning of human civilisation, plants have been one of the main sources of medicines. The demand for pharmaceuticals, health products, food supplements, cosmetics, and medications made from plants is expanding. Since ancient times, traditional medicine has made use of the medicinal plant Annona squamosa. The aim of this research is to evaluate the total phenolic, flavonoid, antioxidant contents and the amino acid, and vitamin profiles of ethanol leaf extract of Annona squamosa L. By using the DPPH free radical scavenging experiment, the antioxidant potential of the ethanol leaf extracts was calculated, and the absorbance was determined at 517 nm. The IC50 value of the leaf was estimated to be 4.24 μg/mL. The Folin Ciocalteu method was used to measure the total phenolic content (TPC) spectrophotometrically. Total flavonoid content (TFC) was measured by aluminium chloride colorimetric assay and Quercetin was used as standard, the absorbance was measured at 520nm. The results showed that A. squamosa leaf is a rich source of phenolics and flavonoid (total Phenolic content: 26.01±1.45mg GAE/g and total flavonoid content: 71.20±35.74 mg QE/g). The high contents of phenolic compounds and flavonoid contents indicated that these compounds contribute to the antioxidant activity. A. squamosa can be regarded as promising plant species for natural plant sources of antioxidants with high potential value for drug preparation. The total amount of amino acids was found to be 331.887 uL Several detection and peak resolution were obtained from the HPLC analysis. The result showed the presence of eight amino acids including Asparagine (2.419uL), Threonine (50.828uL), Phenylalanine (37.533uL), Aspartic Acid (144.558uL), Leucine (8.650uL), Iso-Leucine (9.728uL), Glycine (54.060uL) and four vitamins Vitamin K (2.289mg), Vitamin B1 (958.597mg), Vitamin A (13.568mg) and Vitamin E (62.103mg).]]>
<![CDATA[Effect of Aqueous Hibiscus Sabdariffa on the Histology of the Testes of Male Albino Wistar Rats ]]>
<![CDATA[Charles Ayara]]>;
<![CDATA[Williams Oche Ujah]]>;
<![CDATA[Favour Joel Bafai]]>;
<![CDATA[Victor Makanjuola]]>;
<![CDATA[Kingsley Bassey Enang]]>;
<![CDATA[Queen Uyo Williams]]>;
<![CDATA[Tensaba Andes Akafa]]>;
<![CDATA[Peter Ise Uduak]]>;
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v1i1.3974
<![CDATA[Medicinal plants contain physiological principles that over the years had been exploited in traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments. Hibiscus Sabdariffa is not primarily a medicinal plant, but is used as alternative treatment to a wide variety of medical conditions. It is a plant of various psychoactive properties. This study investigated the histological effect of Hibiscus Sabdariffa aqueous solution on the testes of male albino rats. The research used 20 rats weighing 50-100g and were divided into Group A, Group B, Group C, Group D and Group E. Group A was the control group; unexposed to any form of Hibiscus Sabdariffa. Group B were exposed to the extract in a dosage of 0.5ml only in the morning. Group C were exposed to the extract in a dosage of 0.5ml in the morning and afternoon after (6) six hours. Group D were exposed to the extract in a dosage of 0.5ml in the morning, afternoon and by evening after six-hour intervals. Group E were exposed to the extract in an alternating administrative routine. In the end, the rats were sacrificed and the testes were removed and fixed in 10% formal saline solution. The testes were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results on the histology show changes to the histology of the testes of the group administered high doses. The results obtained from hormonal profiling shows a series of reduction in the levels of the evaluated hormones at the given dosage. Therefore, Hibiscus Sabdariffa can damage the histology of the testes at given dosage.]]>
<![CDATA[Histological Assessment of Aqueous Solution of Hibiscus sabariffa calyx (Zobo drink) on the Frontal Cortex and Hippocampus of Albino Wistar Rats ]]>
<![CDATA[Williams Oche Ujah]]>;
<![CDATA[Ozzioma Praise Acha]]>;
<![CDATA[Charles Ayara]]>;
<![CDATA[Victor Makanjuola]]>;
<![CDATA[Eric Agim Agaba]]>;
<![CDATA[Queen Uyo Williams]]>;
<![CDATA[Tensaba Andes Akafa]]>;
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v1i1.3975
<![CDATA[Zobo drink which is consumed by many Nigerians, is a non-alcoholic beverage with phytoactive properties. This study investigated the histological outcome of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx aqueous solution (Zobo drink) on the frontal cortex and hippocampus of albino wistar rats. Twenty (20) albino wistar rats were used, and grouped into a control group A, B, C, D and E. Group A was the control group. 0.5ml of Zobo drink was administered at different time interval to the experimental groups for 21 days. Zobo drink was administered to group B once a day, two times a day to group C, three times a day to group D and throughout the duration of administration to group E. In the end, the rats were sacrificed and the brain was removed and fixed in 10% formal saline solution. The frontal cortex and hippocampus were stained with Haematoxylin and eosin. Results show that no adverse effect on the frontal cortex of group B, C, D and E but shows effect on group E which is the high dose.]]>
<![CDATA[Prevalence of Helicobater pylori Among Suspected Ulcer Patients Attending General Hospital Wukari, Taraba State ]]>
<![CDATA[Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye Brown]]>;
<![CDATA[Ikrimah Usman Mohammed]]>;
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Ibrahim Jamilat Mijinyawa]]>;
<![CDATA[Benjamin Nanisi Daniel]]>;
<![CDATA[Ugwuala Chimaobi Melvin]]>;
<![CDATA[Nurudeen Umar Abdulkadir]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v1i1.4110
<![CDATA[H. pylori are microaerophilic organism and a Gram negative bacterium which is found in the alimentary canal. It causes chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers. It is also linked to the development of duodenal ulcers and stomach cancer, conditions that were not previously believed to have a microbial cause. These study aim to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among suspected peptic ulcer patients attending General Hospital Wukari, Nigeria. A total of one hundred (100) blood samples were collected from consenting patient attending General Hospital, Wukari. Demographic information such as age and sex of each participant was obtained. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture. 5mL of blood was collected from each patient into well labelled ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) vacutainer tube. The Rapid Test kit was used for the qualitative detection of H. pylori surface antigen in serum/plasma. It utilises a combination of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to selectively detect elevated levels of H. pylori in serum/plasma. Consenting patients who participated in the study were between the age ranges of 1 to 95 years. Total prevalence of H. pylori was observed is 66%. The male gender was more infected with H. pylori infection 71.9% than the female counterparts with 58.13%. Out of the total patients 66% of the study patients tested positive for H. pylori. Among them, 60% were male and 40% were female. The age breakdown showed most patients were between 16-35 years old. It shows that the prevalence of H. pylori infection by sex among outpatient which 60% of the patients were male while 40% were female. With this the prevalence of H. pylori infection among patients attending General Hospital Wukari is 66%. Despite the high prevalence of H. pylori infection among the study subjects, these infections are threats to the human health. Hence, strategies should be adopted to help combat and control these infections and their spread within the population.]]>
<![CDATA[Antimicrobial Activity of Paw-paw (Carica papaya) Leaves and Seed Extracts on Shigella and Salmonella Species ]]>
<![CDATA[Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye Brown]]>;
<![CDATA[Ikrimah Usman Mohammed]]>;
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v1i1.4111
<![CDATA[This study investigates the antimicrobial properties of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Carica papaya leaves and seeds against Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. The extracts were evaluated for their antibacterial activity using the agar well diffusion method, with zones of inhibition measured to assess efficacy. Results revealed that the ethanolic extract of Carica papaya leaves exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Salmonella spp., with a zone of inhibition of 14 mm at a concentration of 200 mg/mL, whereas no activity was observed against Shigella spp. The aqueous extracts, as well as both types of extracts from the seeds, showed no significant antibacterial effects against the tested organisms. The study highlights the superior extraction capability of ethanol over water for bioactive compounds and suggests potential therapeutic applications for Carica papaya extracts in treating Salmonella infections. However, further research is needed to explore higher concentrations and isolate specific active compounds. This work supports the traditional medicinal use of Carica papaya and indicates its potential as a source of new antibacterial agents.]]>
