African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research aims to publish rigorous, peer-reviewed scholarship that advances clinical medicine, pharmacy, and health-related sciences through scientifically sound, ethically grounded, and practically relevant research. • Clinical Advancement: disseminate high-quality studies that strengthen diagnosis, treatment, patient care, and evidence-based clinical practice. • Pharmacy and Therapeutics: promote research on drug development, pharmacology, pharmaceutical practice, therapeutics, and medication-related outcomes. • Health-Science Integration: encourage interdisciplinary links among medicine, pharmacy, pathology, microbiology, physiology, public health, and allied biomedical sciences. • Practice and Impact: support studies with meaningful implications for clinical decision-making, pharmaceutical care, healthcare systems, and patient safety. Submissions should clearly define the medical or pharmaceutical problem, report methods transparently, present defensible evidence, and articulate a meaningful contribution to clinical or pharmacy research. Scope AJCMPR welcomes original research papers and related scholarly contributions in clinical medicine, pharmacy, and associated health sciences, especially studies with clear scientific rigor, biomedical relevance, and practical healthcare implications. • Clinical Medicine: internal medicine, clinical diagnosis, therapeutic interventions, disease management, and patient-centered clinical studies. • Pharmacy Research: pharmacology, pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical chemistry, clinical pharmacy, drug safety, and rational use of medicines. • Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences: pathology, microbiology, physiology, molecular medicine, toxicology, and related translational or laboratory-based investigations. • Public and Applied Health: health systems, community health, medication adherence, healthcare delivery, and applied studies relevant to medical and pharmaceutical practice. • Interdisciplinary Health Research: studies bridging medicine, pharmacy, and allied health sciences with clear relevance to clinical or therapeutic outcomes. Priority is given to original research articles that demonstrate methodological rigor, ethical compliance, and a clear contribution to clinical medicine, pharmaceutical science, or evidence-based healthcare practice.
Articles
57 Documents
<![CDATA[Transforming Healthcare Through Telemedicine: A Post-Pandemic Perspective ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Akram]]>;
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Abid Mahmood]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohammed Khudhair Hasan]]>;
<![CDATA[Hind A. Abdulghafoor]]>;
<![CDATA[Fahad Said Khan]]>;
<![CDATA[Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir]]>;
<![CDATA[Gaweł Sołowski]]>;
<![CDATA[Jaouher Ben Ali]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i2.5454
<![CDATA[The global chaos caused by COVID-19 gave birth to emerging telemedicine innovations throughout the world. Telemedicine automates the diagnosis and therapy processes as well as provides care to aid in such physically demanding tasks. In today's world, telemedicine is becoming one of the most effective methods of assisting patients directly due to its easily accessible reach and practicality. This paper concentrates on the epidemiology of telemedicine, along with the diverse services prescribed by the doctors through telecommunication, as well as the prevailing global communications and access problems.]]>
<![CDATA[Tuberculosis in the 21st Century: Challenges in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Global Control ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Akram]]>;
<![CDATA[Abid Mahmood]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohammed Khudhair Hasan]]>;
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Hind A. Abdulghafoor]]>;
<![CDATA[Fahad Said Khan]]>;
<![CDATA[Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir]]>;
<![CDATA[Gaweł Sołowski]]>;
<![CDATA[Jaouher Ben Ali]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i2.5455
<![CDATA[With an estimated 10 million cases and over one million fatalities annually, TB is still one of the most significant infectious illnesses affecting worldwide public health, mostly in low- and middle-income nations. Mainly affecting the lungs (pulmonary TB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a slow-growing, acid-fast bacillus that causes tuberculosis. However, it may also affect other organs, such as the lymph nodes, bones, central nervous system, and genitourinary tract. Due to a number of variables, including delayed diagnosis, poor treatment adherence, the emergence of drug-resistant strains, and socioeconomic determinants including poverty, malnutrition, and HIV co-infection, tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major cause of morbidity and death even though it is preventable and treatable. Bacterial evasion mechanisms and the host immune response interact intricately in the pathophysiology of tuberculosis. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) can result from M. tuberculosis remaining dormant in macrophages for years after inhalation. Unless they are immunocompromised, only 5–10% of infected people experience active illness at some point in their lives. Serious obstacles to tuberculosis control and eradication have arisen as a result of the development of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), which have further complicated treatment procedures. Although recent developments include nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), such as GeneXpert, and interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) for the identification of latent infections, the diagnosis of tuberculosis still mostly depends on sputum smear microscopy, chest X-rays, and culture techniques. The necessity for novel, shorter, and more efficient medication regimens is highlighted by the fact that drug-resistant TB necessitates lengthy and sometimes hazardous second-line treatment. The BCG vaccine, early case diagnosis and treatment, and public health initiatives aimed at high-risk groups are the main components of prevention programs. Because of ongoing inequalities in health care, delayed diagnosis, and poor access to and adherence to treatment, tuberculosis eradication is still a long way off, despite international efforts through programs like the WHO's End TB Strategy.]]>
<![CDATA[Ebola Virus Disease: A Deadly Hemorrhagic Fever ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Akram]]>;
<![CDATA[Abid Mahmood]]>;
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohammed Khudhair Hasan]]>;
<![CDATA[Hind A. Abdulghafoor]]>;
<![CDATA[Fahad Said Khan]]>;
<![CDATA[Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir]]>;
<![CDATA[Gaweł Sołowski]]>;
<![CDATA[Jaouher Ben Ali]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i2.5481
<![CDATA[The West African pandemic of 2014–2016 exposed the catastrophic effects of inadequate health systems and delayed responses, serving as a wake-up call for the international community. The Zaire virus is the most virulent of the six known Ebolavirus types and has caused the majority of human outbreaks, including the historic West African epidemic that lasted from 2014 to 2016. Depending on the virus type, host characteristics, and the availability of palliative care, Ebola can have high case fatality rates of over 50%. The potential for quick transmission, high mortality, and severe social and economic disruptions makes EVD a serious public health concern. It is believed that the Ebola virus starts in a zoonotic reservoir, most likely animals. Once in the human population, the virus is disseminated via direct contact with contaminated fomites and people. If proper infection prevention and control procedures are not implemented, family members, caregivers, and healthcare personnel are especially vulnerable. EVD manifests as a generic febrile disease that includes abrupt onset of fever, tiredness, headache, sore throat, and muscular discomfort after This is frequently followed by rash, diarrhea, vomiting, and worsening renal and liver function. Viral RNA can be found using RT-PCR, antigen capture assays, or virus isolation from blood or other clinical specimens to confirm the diagnosis. Early case identification and isolation, contact tracking, and quarantining exposed persons are essential for outbreak containment because of its high contagiousness and quick spread. The main goals of supportive treatment are electrolyte balance, fluid replenishment, and problem-solving. With the discovery of vaccinations, EVD prevention has greatly improved. Due to its excellent effectiveness, the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine (Ervebo), a recombinant live attenuated vaccine based on the vesicular stomatitis virus, is being utilized in ring vaccination techniques during epidemics. One of the main pillars of responses to recent outbreaks is the vaccination of frontline staff and high-risk contacts.]]>
<![CDATA[Determination of Some Common Zoonotic Diseases Among Vulnerable Communities in an Africa Country ]]>
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Okoli Emmanuel]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i2.5482
<![CDATA[This study investigated the determinants of zoonotic diseases in vulnerable communities in Africa with clear example of Ghana, focusing on the Ashanti and Northern regions. A cross-sectional study design was employed, using quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to assess socio-demographic factors, knowledge, cultural beliefs, hygiene practices, and healthcare access among 846 households. The findings rsevealed differences in zoonotic disease dynamics between the regions. The Ashanti region exhibited higher awareness of zoonotic diseases (39%) compared to the Northern region (29%), while the Northern region showed a higher prevalence of risky practices such as bush meat consumption and free-roaming livestock. Both regions struggled with poor sanitation and limited healthcare access, with open defecation being more prevalent in the Northern Region (42%) than in the Ashanti Region (27%). Misconceptions about disease causation and reliance on traditional healers were also more pronounced in the Northern Region. The study highlights the need for multi-sectoral interventions, including targeted education, healthcare improvements, and culturally sensitive strategies, to mitigate the burden of zoonotic diseases in these communities, with regional differences informing targeted approaches. Ultimately, the study successfully identified key determinants of zoonotic diseases in the Ashanti and Northern regions, thereby achieving its aims and objectives.]]>
<![CDATA[Biochemical Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Detarium microcarpum in Wistar Rats ]]>
<![CDATA[Maryam Usman Ahmed]]>;
<![CDATA[Domasun Isreal]]>;
<![CDATA[Diowato Titus]]>;
<![CDATA[Abdulfatai Abayomi Ayinla]]>;
<![CDATA[Kamaludden Aliyu]]>;
<![CDATA[Idongesit Etuk]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i3.6146
<![CDATA[Herbal remedies have been used since ancient times, often sourced from local traditional healers. However, many of these preparations are administered without thorough scientific evaluation. This study aimed to assess the effects of aqueous leaf extract of Detarium microcarpum on liver and kidney function in Wistar rats. A total of 25 male rats were randomly assigned to five groups of five animals each. Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 received oral doses of 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg body weight of the extract, respectively, for 21 consecutive days. Group 1, serving as the control, received only normal saline. Liver function was evaluated by measuring serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, and albumin. All liver parameters exhibited a significant dose-dependent increase (p<0.05) in the treatment groups compared to the control, indicating hepatotoxic effects. Similarly, kidney function parameters, including bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻), chloride (Cl⁻), sodium (Na⁺), and potassium (K⁺), also showed a significant dose-dependent increase. Conversely, levels of urea and creatinine significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the extract-treated groups relative to the control. The findings suggest that the aqueous leaf extract of D. microcarpum adversely affects liver and kidney function in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, despite its traditional use, the extract should be considered potentially toxic and used with caution.]]>
<![CDATA[Isolation and Identification of Microorganisms Found in Roasted Dog Meat Within Wukari Metropolis, North-East Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye Brown]]>;
<![CDATA[Usman Ikrimah Mohammed]]>;
<![CDATA[Eze Emmanuel Onyemaechi]]>;
<![CDATA[Danya Sunday]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i3.7040
<![CDATA[This study evaluated the microbiological quality of roasted dog meat sold within Wukari Metropolis, Taraba State, to determine its safety for human consumption. Eight samples of roasted dog meat were collected and analyzed for Total Viable Count (TVC), coliform count, and bacterial identification using standard biochemical methods. The findings revealed varying levels of microbial contamination, with several samples exceeding the acceptable microbial load limits established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Notably, the highest TVC values were observed in samples YM2 (3.00 × 10⁶ cfu/g), YM1 (1.56 × 10⁶ cfu/g), and AS1 (1.20 × 10⁶ cfu/g), indicating significant bacterial presence. Coliform counts confirmed fecal contamination, with Escherichia coli identified in multiple samples. Biochemical analysis further revealed the presence of Salmonella spp. (20%), E. coli (13.33%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.33%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.67%), Chromobacterium violaceum (13.33%), and Neisseria mucosa (6.67%). The identification of these pathogenic organisms underscores serious public health concerns linked to inadequate hygiene, poor handling practices, and environmental contamination. The study emphasizes the urgent need for stricter food safety regulations, vendor hygiene training, and improved meat handling protocols. Additionally, public health awareness campaigns are recommended to educate both vendors and consumers on the risks associated with consuming improperly handled street-vended meat.]]>
<![CDATA[Effect of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Annona senegalensis on Haematological Profile in Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats ]]>
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Panah Philemon]]>;
<![CDATA[Ingwu Joseph Akem]]>;
<![CDATA[Mosugu Ovayoza Omolara]]>;
<![CDATA[Ogar Fonne Okang]]>;
<![CDATA[Akafa Andes Tansaba]]>;
<![CDATA[Shadrach Philip]]>;
<![CDATA[Otashu Kenneth Frank]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i3.7364
<![CDATA[Liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and is frequently associated with hematological complications such as anemia and impaired blood clotting. This study evaluated the hematoprotective effects of methanol stem-bark extract of Annona senegalensis in rats with diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC. Fifty-four male rats were allocated into six groups: a normal control group, a DEN-induced group without treatment, a positive control group treated with silymarin, and three treatment groups administered varying doses of A. senegalensis extract. Hematological parameters assessed included red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), white blood cells (WBC), hematocrit (HCT), and platelets (PLT). DEN induction significantly reduced RBC, HGB, and PLT levels, indicating anemia and coagulation impairment. Treatment with A. senegalensis, particularly at 400 mg/kg, markedly improved these hematological indices, suggesting a restorative effect on blood parameters. The protective role of the extract may be attributed to its bioactive constituents, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins, known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. These findings suggest that A. senegalensis possesses promising hematoprotective potential in the management of blood-related complications associated with liver cancer. Further research, including mechanistic studies and clinical trials, is warranted to validate its safety and therapeutic efficacy in humans.]]>
<![CDATA[Evaluation of Trace Element Levels and Microbiological Quality of Borehole and Well Water from Different Sources in Wukari, Taraba State ]]>
<![CDATA[Obasi Blessing Chidi]]>;
<![CDATA[Elegbede Blessing Olawumi]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i3.7365
<![CDATA[This study assessed the levels of trace elements and microbiological quality of groundwater sources from boreholes and wells in Wukari. Sampling was conducted at five locations, with five samples each collected from boreholes and wells and analyzed using standard procedures. For borehole samples, trace element concentrations ranged from iron (Fe: 0.0127–0.0145 ppm), chromium (Cr: 0.0014–0.0110 ppm), manganese (Mn: 0.0019–0.0183 ppm), and copper (Cu: 0.0013–0.0155 ppm). Well water samples showed higher variability, with Fe (0.0216–0.6216 ppm), Cr (0.0190–0.1786 ppm), Mn (0.0109–0.0291 ppm), and Cu (0.0101–0.0425 ppm). All samples were within World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits, except for elevated Fe in sample EPW (0.6216 ppm) and high Cr in samples OMW and EPW (0.1190 ppm and 0.1786 ppm, respectively). Zinc was not detected in any sample. Microbiological analysis revealed aerobic plate counts ranging from 3.1 × 10⁷ to 8.0 × 10⁷ cfu/ml, with no coliform or fungal growth detected. Bacterial isolates included Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp., Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, with Klebsiella spp. and E. coli being predominant. While trace element levels suggest that groundwater sources are largely safe for drinking, the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria highlights the need for appropriate treatment before consumption or use in food processing. These findings underscore the importance of continuous monitoring to safeguard public health and prevent waterborne diseases.]]>
<![CDATA[Preliminary Assessment of the Potential Embryotoxic Effects of Alstonia boonei De Wild (Apocynaceae) Stem Bark Extract during Organogenesis in Pregnant Sprague-Dawley Rats ]]>
<![CDATA[Daniel Akpe-efiak Ambe]]>;
<![CDATA[Etimbuk Iboro Udoh]]>;
<![CDATA[Anwanabasi Effiong Udoh]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i3.7476
<![CDATA[Alstonia boonei stem bark is widely employed in traditional medicine during pregnancy for obstetric purposes, including labour induction, prevention of postpartum haemorrhage, and expulsion of retained placenta. However, the safety of its use during gestation remains scientifically unverified. This study aimed to evaluate the embryotoxic and teratogenic potential of methanolic stem bark extract of A. boonei in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. Oral doses of 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg of the extract were administered to pregnant rats (n = 5 per group) from gestational day (GD) 8 to 15, while the control group received no treatment. On GD 16, the animals were euthanized for the assessment of teratogenic indicators, including fetal, placental, and uterine parameters. No statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in fetal weight, crown–rump length, anogenital distance, or placental and uterine metrics across all groups. However, a significant increase (p < 0.05) in fetal head circumference was recorded at the 400 mg/kg dose (3.49 ± 0.05 mm) compared to the control group (3.32 ± 0.03 mm), indicating possible disruption in central nervous system development. No fetal deaths, malformations, or resorptions were observed. These findings suggest that A. boonei extract is non-teratogenic and embryotoxically safe at doses up to 200 mg/kg, but higher doses may pose risks of dose-dependent developmental alterations. Further investigations are necessary to clarify the mechanisms involved and establish a definitive safety threshold for its use during pregnancy.]]>
<![CDATA[Prevalence of Hepatitis D Virus Co-Infection among HBsAg-Positive Patients in Abakaliki Metropolis, Ebonyi State, Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Okosigha Saviour Azibanyam]]>;
<![CDATA[Imarenezor Edobor Peter Kenneth]]>;
<![CDATA[Anyiam Ifeoma Vivian]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i3.7484
<![CDATA[Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus that requires co-infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) for replication and expression. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HDV co-infection among HBsAg-positive patients in Abakaliki Metropolis, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional analytical design was employed, involving 1,000 patients who presented at the Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (FETHA) and Mile 4 Hospital Ishieke during the study period. Screening for HBV infection was conducted using the Skytec one-step rapid diagnostic kit, identifying 89 (8.9%) HBsAg-positive individuals. Subsequently, anti-HDV IgM serology testing was performed using ELISA on serum samples from HBsAg-positive patients to detect HDV co-infection. HDV IgM antibodies were detected in 5 (5.6%) of the HBsAg-positive patients—four pregnant women and one blood donor. Age-specific HBsAg prevalence was highest in the 24–28-year age group (13.5%), followed by 19–23 years (9.4%) and 29–33 years (4.0%). Married individuals exhibited a higher prevalence (16.6%) than singles (4.8%). Educational level was also associated with prevalence, with tertiary education holders showing the highest rate (20.0%) compared to those with primary education (4.8%). Based on occupation, the highest HBsAg prevalence was recorded among housewives (25.0%), followed by traders (14.7%), students (9.4%), and civil servants (4.3%). The presence of HDV co-infection highlights its potential to exacerbate the clinical course of HBV infection. The study recommends routine HDV screening among HBsAg-positive patients for early detection and clinical management. Additionally, public health interventions should include RNA-based diagnostic tools, increased awareness of HBV/HDV risks in high-risk populations, and integrated care strategies tailored to region-specific epidemiological patterns in Nigeria.]]>
