African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research aims to publish rigorous, peer-reviewed scholarship that advances clinical medicine, pharmacy, and health-related sciences through scientifically sound, ethically grounded, and practically relevant research. • Clinical Advancement: disseminate high-quality studies that strengthen diagnosis, treatment, patient care, and evidence-based clinical practice. • Pharmacy and Therapeutics: promote research on drug development, pharmacology, pharmaceutical practice, therapeutics, and medication-related outcomes. • Health-Science Integration: encourage interdisciplinary links among medicine, pharmacy, pathology, microbiology, physiology, public health, and allied biomedical sciences. • Practice and Impact: support studies with meaningful implications for clinical decision-making, pharmaceutical care, healthcare systems, and patient safety. Submissions should clearly define the medical or pharmaceutical problem, report methods transparently, present defensible evidence, and articulate a meaningful contribution to clinical or pharmacy research. Scope AJCMPR welcomes original research papers and related scholarly contributions in clinical medicine, pharmacy, and associated health sciences, especially studies with clear scientific rigor, biomedical relevance, and practical healthcare implications. • Clinical Medicine: internal medicine, clinical diagnosis, therapeutic interventions, disease management, and patient-centered clinical studies. • Pharmacy Research: pharmacology, pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical chemistry, clinical pharmacy, drug safety, and rational use of medicines. • Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences: pathology, microbiology, physiology, molecular medicine, toxicology, and related translational or laboratory-based investigations. • Public and Applied Health: health systems, community health, medication adherence, healthcare delivery, and applied studies relevant to medical and pharmaceutical practice. • Interdisciplinary Health Research: studies bridging medicine, pharmacy, and allied health sciences with clear relevance to clinical or therapeutic outcomes. Priority is given to original research articles that demonstrate methodological rigor, ethical compliance, and a clear contribution to clinical medicine, pharmaceutical science, or evidence-based healthcare practice.
Articles
57 Documents
<![CDATA[Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrogel from Gongronema latifolium for Potential Drug Delivery ]]>
<![CDATA[Amadi I. J.]]>;
<![CDATA[Attah D. A.]]>;
<![CDATA[Ugye T. J]]>;
<![CDATA[Ikpatim S.]]>;
<![CDATA[Aasegh T. J.]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i3.7783
<![CDATA[This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of a plant-based hydrogel derived from Gongronema latifolium leaf extracts for potential drug delivery applications. Bioactive compounds—alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins—were extracted using standard phytochemical methods. The biocompatible hydrogel was synthesized using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) monomers and subsequently characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results confirmed successful incorporation of the plant extracts into the hydrogel matrix, forming a porous, interconnected 3D polymer network. TGA analysis indicated good thermal stability, bioactivity, and a semi-crystalline structure with high entrapment efficiency—features desirable for controlled drug delivery, water retention, and solute diffusion. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups, suggesting strong hydrogen bonding and effective polymeric crosslinking. SEM imaging revealed a rough, heterogeneous surface with interconnected pores, while XRD analysis indicated predominantly amorphous characteristics with slight crystallinity. The findings demonstrate the successful development of a structurally stable and bioactive hydrogel with promising therapeutic and agricultural applications. The hydrogel offers a sustainable alternative to conventional petrochemical-based materials, aligning with eco-friendly innovation in drug delivery systems.]]>
<![CDATA[Estrogenic-Like Potential of Aqueous Extract of Soursop and Johar Leaf Extract (Annona muricata) on MCF-7 and NIH-3T3 Cells ]]>
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Gideon Likida Tiimob]]>;
<![CDATA[Musbau Adekunle Yahaya]]>;
<![CDATA[Joseph Oteng]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v3i1.7894
<![CDATA[Annona muricata (soursop) is a tropical plant widely recognized for its pharmacological properties, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and hormonal regulatory effects. This study examines the estrogenic-like potential of aqueous leaf extracts of A. muricata and Siamese senna (Johar) on estrogen receptor-positive human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7). A series of in vitro assays—including cell viability analysis, morphological assessment, and estrogen receptor expression profiling—were conducted to evaluate the bioactivity of the extracts. Results indicate that the A. muricata extract exerts a dose-dependent proliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, consistent with estrogenic activity. These findings suggest that A. muricata may act as a phytoestrogen, with potential applications in hormone-related therapeutic interventions. Further research is recommended to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying its estrogenic effects and to assess its safety and efficacy in vivo, particularly in the context of hormone-sensitive cancers.]]>
<![CDATA[The Role of the Consultant Pharmacist in Pharmacovigilance: Enhancing Medication Safety and Public Health ]]>
<![CDATA[Ode Edward Innocent]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v3i1.8013
<![CDATA[Pharmacovigilance is essential for ensuring the continued safety and efficacy of pharmaceuticals, particularly in post-marketing settings where adverse drug reactions (ADRs) may emerge beyond controlled clinical trial conditions. In Nigeria, Consultant Pharmacists have become central actors in advancing pharmacovigilance practice. Equipped with advanced qualifications such as the MPharm (Clinical) and FWAPCP, and formally recognized by the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) and the Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH), they lead institutional and national efforts in ADR detection, post-marketing surveillance, signal detection, pharmacoepidemiology, risk management, and patient safety. This article examines the evolving role of Consultant Pharmacists as pharmacovigilance leaders, educators, policy influencers, and clinical collaborators. Despite their expanding influence, significant challenges persist, including underreporting, limited digital infrastructure, and gaps in pharmacovigilance education among community members. Strengthening the integration of Consultant Pharmacists into healthcare governance structures is vital for building a resilient, safety-focused pharmaceutical care system. Their contributions are pivotal not only for ensuring regulatory compliance but also for safeguarding public health and enhancing the quality of pharmaceutical care delivery.]]>
<![CDATA[Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrogel from Gongronema latifolia for Potential Drug Delivery ]]>
<![CDATA[Amadi I. J]]>;
<![CDATA[Attah Daniel E. B]]>;
<![CDATA[Ugye T. J]]>;
<![CDATA[Ikpatim S]]>;
<![CDATA[Aasegh T. J.]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v3i1.8018
<![CDATA[This study reports the synthesis and characterization of a plant-based hydrogel derived from Gongronema latifolium leaf extracts for potential drug delivery applications. Bioactive components, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins, were extracted from the leaves using standard procedures, after which a biocompatible hydrogel was synthesized from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) and characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results confirmed the successful incorporation of the plant extracts, revealing a porous, interconnected three-dimensional polymer matrix. TGA data showed that the hydrogel is thermally stable, bioactive, and possesses semicrystalline porous structures with high entrapment capacity, making it suitable for drug delivery, water retention, and solute diffusion. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl, and other functional groups, indicating strong hydrogen bonding and extensive polymeric crosslinking. SEM images revealed a rough, heterogeneous surface morphology with interconnected pores, while XRD patterns indicated slight crystalline features within an overall amorphous structure. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the successful development of a structurally robust and bioactive hydrogel with promising applications in drug delivery and agriculture. The hydrogel’s properties position it as an attractive alternative to synthetic petrochemical-based materials that pose environmental risks and highlight the potential of Gongronema latifolium leaf-extract-based hydrogels for future therapeutic and drug delivery applications.]]>
<![CDATA[Evaluating Environmental and Public Health Hazards of Urban Flooding: Clinical Consequences and Considerations ]]>
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Solomon Ossom Asare]]>;
<![CDATA[Debora Akinola Umogbai]]>;
<![CDATA[Abimbola Gbenga Olayemi]]>;
<![CDATA[Emmanuel Eluu Chukwudi]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v3i1.8025
<![CDATA[Urban flooding poses a significant threat to environmental integrity and public health, particularly in rapidly expanding regions of Nigeria. This study evaluates the environmental contamination, clinical consequences, and psychosocial impacts of urban flooding across six districts—Gwarinpa, Lokogoma, and Lugbe in Abuja, and Yola North, Demsa, and Numan in Adamawa State—selected for their history of seasonal flooding, population density, and strategic urban importance. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining environmental sampling, clinical data collection, and household surveys. Water and soil samples were analyzed for microbial contamination (E. coli), pH, turbidity, and heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium) in line with WHO standards, while clinical data from health facilities were used to assess the prevalence of flood-related illnesses, including diarrhea, skin infections, and respiratory symptoms. Mental health outcomes were evaluated through structured surveys administered to 300 residents, focusing on anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Results revealed elevated levels of E. coli and heavy metals in flood-affected zones, with Lokogoma and Yola North recording the highest contamination, and these districts also reporting the highest incidence of waterborne diseases and respiratory conditions. Mental health symptoms were prevalent across all districts, with more than 50% of respondents in Lokogoma and Demsa reporting signs of anxiety and PTSD, while healthcare facilities in Lugbe and Numan experienced disruptions in chronic disease management and medication access, underscoring systemic vulnerabilities. In conclusion, urban flooding in Abuja and Adamawa has profound environmental and public health implications, and the findings highlight the need for integrated flood management strategies, including infrastructure upgrades, environmental monitoring, healthcare system strengthening, and mental health integration. Tailored interventions across these districts are essential to mitigate future risks and build community resilience in the face of climate-induced disasters.]]>
<![CDATA[Prevalence and Intensity of Human Schistosomiasis in Selected Communities of Ibi Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Rimamsomte D]]>;
<![CDATA[Agere H. I J]]>;
<![CDATA[Dawuda M]]>;
<![CDATA[Mijah A. K]]>;
<![CDATA[J. T Jerry]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v3i1.8283
<![CDATA[This study determined the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection among residents of selected communities in Ibi Local Government Area (LGA), Taraba State, Nigeria. A total of 400 urine samples were randomly collected from residents aged 6 years and above, across five communities (Ibi, Rafin Soja, Gindin Waya, Ando Manu, and Nwukam). Urine sedimentation technique was employed for parasite detection, and infection intensity was expressed as mean egg count per 10 ml of urine. Data were analysed using SPSS version 26, and associations between variables were tested using Chi-square (χ²) at a 5% significance level. The overall prevalence of S. haematobium infection was 7.5%, with a mean egg intensity of 2.2 eggs/10 ml of urine, indicating a low level of endemicity. Gindin Waya recorded the highest prevalence (12.5%) and intensity (2.4 eggs/10 ml), while Ibi had the lowest (2.5%; 1.0 egg/10 ml). Infection was most common among the 16–25-year age group (9.1%) and males (9.0%), although differences by age (χ² = 2.157, p = 0.707) and sex (χ² = 1.489, p = 0.222) were not statistically significant. Farmers (8.3%) and fishermen (7.5%) had higher infection rates than other occupations (χ² = 3.295, p = 0.509). A significant association was observed between infection and water source (χ² = 7.935, p = 0.0475), with river and stream users showing higher prevalence. The persistence of urinary schistosomiasis, despite low infection intensity, indicates ongoing transmission within riverine communities. Continuous mass drug administration, improved access to safe water, snail vector control, and community health education are recommended to reduce transmission and achieve WHO’s 2030 schistosomiasis elimination target.]]>
<![CDATA[Determination of Antagonistic Effects of Sludge and Urine-Associated Bacteria against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli ]]>
<![CDATA[Imarenezor Edobor Peter Kenneth]]>;
<![CDATA[Opara Christiana Ngozi]]>;
<![CDATA[Efere Yarwadum Samson]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v3i1.8284
<![CDATA[Abattoirs, due to their very many activities, is a source of microbial diversity, many of which are able to prevent the growth of other closely related bacteria. Hence, this work was carried out to isolate and identify bacteria from sludge and urine, and evaluate their antagonistic effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The antagonistic effects of bacterial pathogens from abattoir sludge against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The culture and identification of bacteria from abattoir sludge was done using standard microbiological techniques and the bacterial antagonism assay was done using the overlay method. From the abattoir sludge, Bacillus species (37.5%) was the most prevalent, followed by Shigella species (12.5%), Escherichia coli (12.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.5%), Proteus species (12.5%), and Klebsieilla. species (12.5%). The bacterial isolates were most resistant to Ciprofloxacin, Cefotaxime, Cefuroxime, Imipenem and most sensitive to Nitrofurantoin, Nalixidic Acid, Gentamicin, Erythromycin, Ofloxacin, AZN. From the study, none of these abattoir sludge-associated bacteria showed antagonistic effect against Staphylococcus aureus and against Escherichia coli. This study demonstrates the antagonistic potential of sludge and urine-associated bacteria against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The identified isolates, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis, exhibited significant inhibitory activity, suggesting their potential as sources of novel antimicrobial compounds. These findings highlight the importance of exploring environmental and human-associated microbiota for bioactive molecules that could address the growing challenge of antibiotic resistance.]]>
<![CDATA[Systematic Review of Prevalence and Types of Health Hazards among Seaport Workers in Sub-Saharan Africa ]]>
<![CDATA[Muagba Otutozinuchi E. W.]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v3i1.8287
<![CDATA[Seaport workers in Sub-Saharan Africa face numerous occupational health risks, yet comprehensive evidence regarding the prevalence and types of these hazards remains limited. This systematic review aimed to collate and synthesize existing research on the occurrence, patterns, and determinants of work-related health hazards among seaport employees, with a particular focus on insights relevant to Eastern and Western regions of Nigeria. A thorough search was performed across Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar for publications between 2013 and 2025, using terms such as “seaport workers,” “occupational hazards,” “injuries,” “diseases,” and “environmental exposures.” Studies reporting quantitative or qualitative data on occupational injuries, musculoskeletal disorders, respiratory conditions, hearing impairments, skin ailments, and other work-related health problems were included. Extracted data were analyzed through narrative synthesis, with prevalence figures summarized where available. A total of 27 studies from various Sub-Saharan African countries met inclusion criteria, revealing a broad spectrum of occupational health challenges. Frequently reported injuries included cuts, fractures, and musculoskeletal strains, while common illnesses encompassed respiratory disorders, noise-induced hearing loss, dermatological conditions, and gastrointestinal issues. Contributing factors identified included insufficient safety training, inadequate use of personal protective equipment, environmental exposures, and weak regulatory compliance. The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions, improved occupational health training, and stricter enforcement of safety policies to protect seaport workers. This review provides an evidence-based foundation to guide policymakers, port authorities, and occupational health professionals in developing effective preventive strategies.]]>
<![CDATA[Analysis of Phytochemical Components in Fractionated Ethanol Extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum Leaves ]]>
<![CDATA[Eneji Emmanuel A.]]>;
<![CDATA[Yakubu O. E.]]>;
<![CDATA[Imo Chinedu]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v3i1.8805
<![CDATA[Phytochemical characterization of medicinal plants is essential for guiding the isolation of bioactive constituents and supporting drug discovery efforts. This study comprehensively assessed the phytochemical composition of the ethanol leaf extract of Chrysophyllum albidum (C. albidum) using a complete gradient elution column chromatography methodology. The crude ethanol extract was fractionated into 12 fractions (F1–F12), with F1 being non-polar (100% hexane) and F12 being highly polar (100% water). All fractions were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening to determine the presence of major phytochemical classes, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids. The findings indicated a heterogeneous distribution of phytochemicals across the fractions, with elevated levels of polar constituents, particularly flavonoids and tannins, detected in the more polar fractions (F5–F11), whereas the less polar fractions (F1–F4) predominantly contained non-polar compounds such as terpenoids. This comprehensive phytochemical profile provides a valuable foundation for future bioactivity-guided isolation and characterization of specific bioactive compounds from C. albidum leaves, thereby supporting the development of phytopharmaceuticals derived from this species.]]>
<![CDATA[This Study Compared the Malaria Parasite Intensity in Cases of Mono-Infection and Co-Infection with Typhoid among the Patients Attending Selected Health Facilities in Wukari, Taraba State ]]>
<![CDATA[John-Zakka U.E]]>;
<![CDATA[Agere H.I.J]]>;
<![CDATA[Amos T.J]]>;
<![CDATA[Ogunmola A.O]]>;
<![CDATA[Abdulrasheed M.H]]>;
<![CDATA[Yafriyau E.P]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 3 No 2 (2026): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v3i2.9080
<![CDATA[This study compared malaria parasite intensity in mono-infection and in co-infection with typhoid among febrile patients attending selected health facilities in Wukari, Nigeria. A total of 418 clinically diagnosed febrile patients were enrolled, and from each, blood and stool samples were collected for blood film examination and stool culture, respectively. Overall, 75.3% of malaria-positive cases had low parasite intensity, whereas 24.7% had higher parasite density, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Among the 83 patients with malaria mono-infection, low-intensity (+) parasitemia was more frequent than high-intensity parasitemia, indicating that uncomplicated malaria is more commonly associated with lower parasite density. In contrast, among co-infected cases, 68.9% of patients with high malaria intensity were co-infected with Salmonella (typhoid), while 31.1% of patients with low malaria intensity were co-infected, with an overall p value < 0.011. The odds ratio of 6.766 indicates that individuals with high malaria intensity have approximately sevenfold higher odds of developing typhoid fever compared to those with low malaria intensity. These findings suggest that elevated malaria parasite density is strongly associated with typhoid co-infection and underscore the need for healthcare providers to maintain heightened vigilance for severe malaria presentations in patients with concurrent typhoid infection. The study concludes that a comprehensive control program targeting vector breeding sites and improving sanitation and public health education is essential to reduce the burden of malaria–typhoid co-infection in the study area.]]>
