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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Herbal Science and Innovation
Published by PT. Cendekia Science and Technology
ISSN : -     EISSN : 31089372     DOI : http://doi.org/10.64673/IJHerbSI
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Indonesian Journal of Herbal Science and Innovation (IJHerbSI) ISSN : 3108-9372 is a peer-reviewed academic journal dedicated to advancing knowledge and research in the field of herbal sciences. The journal aims to provide a platform for the publication of high-quality research on various aspects of herbal medicine, including pharmacy science, pharmacology, biotechnology, ethnobotany, and the therapeutic uses of medicinal plants.
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Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Pengaruh Toksisitas Subkronik Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Pacing (Costus speciosus) terhadap Fungsi Hati pada Tikus Aulia Nurfazri Istiqomah; Siti Kholisatun Nisa; Kharina Septi Lestari
Indonesian Journal of Herbal Science and Innovation Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Herbal Science and Innovation
Publisher : PT CENDEKIA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64673/ijherbsi.v1i1.1

Abstract

Traditional medicine has been an integral part of healing practices for thousands of years. With its rich biodiversity, Indonesia boasts approximately 30,000 plant species with potential medicinal properties, one of which is the rhizome of Costus speciosus (pacing). This plant is known for its various benefits, including antifungal, antioxidant, anthelmintic properties, and traditional contraceptive use. The aim of this study was to investigate the subchronic toxicity of ethanol extract from pacing rhizomes on liver function in male and female rats. The experiment was conducted using Wistar rats, with two groups (10 males and 10 females per group), which were treated with a 300 mg/kg body weight dose of the extract for 90 days. Liver histology, organ index, and levels of the enzymes SGOT and SGPT were observed. The results indicated that the ethanol extract of pacing rhizomes, at this dose, did not cause significant changes in body weight, liver organ index, or SGOT/SGPT levels in both male and female rats. In conclusion, the study suggests that the ethanol extract of pacing rhizomes at 300 mg/kg body weight for 90 days does not show signs of liver toxicity in rats. These findings support the potential use of pacing rhizomes as a safe ingredient in traditional medicine. However, further studies are needed to assess possible toxic effects and animal mortality over longer durations.
Pengaruh Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Pacing (Costus speciosus) pada Embrio Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Kharina Septi Lestari; Aulia Utami Widiati; Aulia Nurfazri Istiqomah
Indonesian Journal of Herbal Science and Innovation Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Herbal Science and Innovation
Publisher : PT CENDEKIA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64673/ijherbsi.v1i1.2

Abstract

The Costus speciosus plant, commonly known as pacing, is widely used both as an ornamental plant and in traditional medicine. All parts of the plant, particularly the rhizomes, are known to possess various pharmacological activities, including anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, with the extensive use of the rhizomes in traditional medicine, it is essential to assess their safety. This study aims to determine the LC50 value of ethanol extract from Costus speciosus rhizomes (EERP) and evaluate its acute toxicity level. The Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity (FET) Test was used to assess toxicity, employing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos as the model organism. Zebrafish are chosen because their genetic makeup shares about 60-70% similarity with humans, making them a suitable model for mapping toxic effects. The study involved seven experimental groups: two control groups (negative and positive controls) and five groups treated with varying concentrations of EERP (62.5 ppm, 31.25 ppm, 15.63 ppm, 7.81 ppm, and 3.91 ppm). The results revealed an LC50 value of 11.707 ppm for EERP, indicating that the extract falls under the "slightly toxic" category. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential toxicity of Costus speciosus, which is crucial for determining safe dosage levels in its use as a traditional medicine. Further research is needed to explore the underlying toxic mechanisms of this extract.
Antioxidant Activity of a Combination of Pegagan (Centella asiatica) and Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) Rhizomes Using the DPPH Method Dewi Kurnia; Mae Maelani; Asep Roni
Indonesian Journal of Herbal Science and Innovation Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Herbal Science and Innovation
Publisher : PT CENDEKIA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64673/ijherbsi.v1i1.3

Abstract

Pegagan (Centella asiatica) and temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) rhizomes are plants commonly recommended for enhancing the body's immune system. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of extracts from pegagan, temulawak, and their combination to determine if a synergistic effect exists between the two extracts. Extraction was performed using the maceration method with 70% ethanol as the solvent. The yield of the pegagan herb extract was 20.96%, while the temulawak rhizome extract yielded 10.88%. For preliminary testing, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used to analyze the samples in various mobile phases, including the polar chloroform:methanol:water (7:2:0.15), non-polar n-hexane:ethyl acetate (6:5), and semi-polar chloroform:methanol (9:1). The results indicated the presence of flavonoids, phenols, and 0.2% DPPH. Antioxidant activity was measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 516 nm with the DPPH method. The antioxidant activity results showed that the pegagan extract alone had an IC50 of 96.109 µg/mL, the temulawak extract alone had 94.151 µg/mL, and the combinations had IC50 values of 41.884 µg/mL (1:1), 71.074 µg/mL (1:2), and 26.335 µg/mL (2:1). Based on these results, both single and combined extracts exhibited antioxidant activity, with the combination showing higher activity and a synergistic effect.
Evaluation of α-Glucosidase Inhibitor Activity of Ethanol Extract of Soursop Leaf (Annona muricata L.) Nursamsiar; Anjas Kila; Fitriyanti Jumaetri Sami
Indonesian Journal of Herbal Science and Innovation Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Herbal Science and Innovation
Publisher : PT CENDEKIA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64673/ijherbsi.v1i1.4

Abstract

Soursop (Annona muricata L.) is a plant widely used in traditional medicine, where people typically consume soursop leaf infusions or supplements to help regulate blood sugar levels. This plant contains several bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, quercetin, tannins, alkaloids, fatty acids, phytosterols, morinol alcohol, and annonol. Among these, flavonoids, quercetin, and tannins are suspected to have antidiabetic properties. In recent years, interest has increased in the potential of natural products, especially plant extracts, as alternative therapeutic agents for managing diabetes, particularly through the inhibition of α-glucosidase, an enzyme involved in carbohydrate digestion and glucose absorption. Despite the widespread use of soursop, there is limited scientific evidence evaluating its α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. This research aims to assess the potential of ethanol extract of soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) as an α-glucosidase inhibitor using a microplate reader. In this study, the inhibition of α-glucosidase was determined by the enzymatic reaction between α-glucosidase and the substrate p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG), measured spectrophotometrically using a microplate reader. The results of the study indicate that the ethanol extract of soursop leaves exhibited moderate inhibition of α-glucosidase, with an IC50 value of 764.14 µg/mL. While the extract demonstrated some inhibitory potential, it was less potent compared to standard α-glucosidase inhibitors. These findings suggest that although the ethanol extract of soursop leaves has α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, it may require further optimization or combination with other compounds to enhance its effectiveness. This research contributes to the growing body of evidence regarding the antidiabetic properties of soursop and provides insights into its potential as a functional food or herbal supplement for managing diabetes.
Analysis of Cyanide in Cassava with Different Storage Durations Using Visible Light Spectrophotometry and Ninhydrin Reagen Emma Emawati; Silvan Maulana; Winasih Rachmawati
Indonesian Journal of Herbal Science and Innovation Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Herbal Science and Innovation
Publisher : PT CENDEKIA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64673/ijherbsi.v1i1.5

Abstract

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the third most important staple food in Indonesia, after rice and corn. Although it offers numerous health benefits, cassava also contains potentially harmful compounds, such as cyanide. This study aimed to analyze cyanide levels in freshly harvested cassava and cassava stored for five days, using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The research gap identified is the limited data on how storaåge duration affects cyanide levels in cassava and its implications for food safety. To address this, the study used qualitative analysis with picrate paper and quantitative analysis through UV-Vis spectrophotometry, employing ninhydrin as the reagent. The qualitative results revealed that both freshly harvested cassava and cassava stored for five days tested positive for cyanide, as indicated by the formation of a red-brown color on the picrate paper. The quantitative analysis was preceded by method validation, which showed excellent performance, including linearity (r = 0.9982), detection limit (BD = 1.33 µg/mL), quantification limit (BK = 4.43 µg/mL), recovery rate (98.7%), and relative standard deviation (RSD = 1.53%). The cyanide content in freshly harvested cassava was found to be 4.94 µg/g, while the content in cassava stored for five days was 7.16 µg/g. Both cassava samples were found to be safe for consumption, as their cyanide levels were below the safety threshold of 10 ppm. This study provides valuable insights into the safe consumption of cassava, even with storage, underlining the importance of proper handling.
Formulating Paper Soap with Coconut and Olive Oils: A Natural Solution for On-the-Go Hygiene Emma Emawati; Siti Aisyah Aprilia; Anne Yuliantini
Indonesian Journal of Herbal Science and Innovation Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Herbal Science and Innovation (IJHerbSI)
Publisher : PT CENDEKIA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64673/ijherbsi.v1i2.7

Abstract

Paper soap served as a practical alternative for hand hygiene, especially for individuals with high mobility who required portable, lightweight, and hygienically stored products. This study aimed to formulate handwashing paper soap using a combination of coconut and olive oils, with potassium hydroxide (KOH) as the saponification agent, and to evaluate its quality based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) No. 2588:2017 for liquid hand soap. A laboratory-based pure experimental method was used to determine the optimal combination of ingredients. The soap base formulation that showed the most favorable characteristics consisted of coconut oil and olive oil mixed in equal proportions, with KOH as the alkali. This combination produced a liquid soap with good cleansing ability, softness, and skin moisture retention. The evaluation results showed that the final formulation met all quality parameters: a pH value of 9.37, foam height of 10.5 cm, and free fatty acid content of 0.985%. Among the two types of paper tested, dry cotton tissue proved to be the most suitable medium for soap application due to its excellent absorbency and even drying. Panelist testing further confirmed the acceptability of the product. Most respondents reported positive impressions regarding the product’s texture, foaming properties, and skin feel after use. The paper soap did not cause irritation or a burning sensation, and it was easy to use and dispose of, increasing its appeal for daily use and travel. In conclusion, the formulation successfully produced a functional and user-accepted paper soap that met national quality standards. The study demonstrated that natural ingredients could be effectively used to develop innovative hygiene solutions that are both practical and safe for everyday use.
Utilizing Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) Starch-Derived Maltodextrin as a Pharmaceutical Binder: Preparation and Evaluation in Paracetamol Formulations Diki Zaelani; Ari Wibowo; Rahmat Santoso
Indonesian Journal of Herbal Science and Innovation Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Herbal Science and Innovation (IJHerbSI)
Publisher : PT CENDEKIA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64673/ijherbsi.v1i2.8

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the potential of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) starch as a renewable source for pharmaceutical-grade maltodextrin through enzymatic modification. The modified starch produced maltodextrin with a dextrose equivalent (DE) value of 4.30, placing it within the low-DE range suitable for use as a binder in tablet formulations. The maltodextrin was then applied as a binding agent in the production of paracetamol tablets using the wet granulation method. The resulting tablets were evaluated for key quality parameters including organoleptic properties, weight uniformity, size uniformity, hardness, friability, and disintegration time. The findings showed that tablets formulated with maltodextrin at concentrations of 5%, 7%, 9%, and 11% successfully met all pharmacopeial quality requirements. These tablets exhibited smooth and uniform appearance, acceptable hardness and friability, and disintegration times appropriate for immediate-release dosage forms. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA demonstrated significant differences among formulations for weight uniformity, size uniformity, and hardness (p < 0.05), indicating that varying maltodextrin concentrations had a measurable effect on tablet performance. Despite these differences, all acceptable formulations remained within the required limits. Overall, the study confirms that enzymatically modified breadfruit starch can be transformed into maltodextrin suitable for use as an effective binder in paracetamol tablet production. Optimal binder performance was achieved at concentrations between 5% and 11%. These findings highlight the potential of breadfruit as a locally sourced, sustainable raw material for pharmaceutical excipients, contributing to the development of alternative natural binders in tablet manufacturing.
An Evaluation of Reported Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Reactions at the DOTS Pharmacy Depot in Al-Ihsan Regional Hospital, West Java Kharina Septi Lestari; Endah Astri Wijiastuti; Yanni Dhiani Mardhiani
Indonesian Journal of Herbal Science and Innovation Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Herbal Science and Innovation (IJHerbSI)
Publisher : PT CENDEKIA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64673/ijherbsi.v1i2.9

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remained a major public health concern in Indonesia, which ranked second globally after India in TB burden. As TB treatment relied on long-term administration of combined Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs (OAT), patients often experienced treatment challenges, including adverse drug reactions that could reduce adherence and compromise therapeutic success. However, local data regarding the pattern of these reactions—particularly in West Java—had been limited, creating a gap in monitoring practices that were essential for improving patient outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the types and frequencies of adverse drug reactions reported by TB patients receiving treatment at the DOTS Pharmacy Depot of Al-Ihsan Regional Hospital. This research used a descriptive design with primary data collected from the DOTS Pharmacy Depot. Reported adverse reactions were compiled and analyzed, then presented in tables and graphs to provide a clear overview of the distribution of events. The evaluation focused on patients undergoing Category I OAT therapy during 2023, allowing the study to capture real-world reactions experienced over the course of standard TB treatment. The findings showed that female patients experienced more adverse reactions than males, suggesting potential sex-related differences in susceptibility or reporting. Overall, gastric pain emerged as the most common adverse effect (39.09%), followed by itching (33.04%), headache (11.07%), hyperuricemia (6.64%), nausea and vomiting (5.15%), and epigastric pain (4.13%). These reactions aligned with the known pharmacological profiles of first-line OAT regimens, particularly rifampicin and pyrazinamide, which are commonly associated with gastrointestinal irritation and metabolic disturbances. In conclusion, the study highlighted the urgent need for enhanced pharmacovigilance, early recognition of common adverse reactions, and improved patient education to support treatment adherence. Understanding local patterns of drug reactions provided valuable insights for clinicians and contributed to more effective TB management strategies in West Java.
Evaluation of Subchronic Toxicity of Costus speciosus Rhizome Through Changes in Renal Function in White Rats Aulia Nurfazri Istiqomah; Ogi Dienda Pratama; Agus Sulaeman
Indonesian Journal of Herbal Science and Innovation Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Herbal Science and Innovation (IJHerbSI)
Publisher : PT CENDEKIA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64673/ijherbsi.v1i2.10

Abstract

Costus speciosus (commonly known as pacing rhizome) has been traditionally used for various therapeutic purposes, yet data on its long-term safety, particularly regarding renal function, remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of C. speciosus rhizome extract through renal function assessment in white Wistar rats, addressing a critical gap in preclinical safety evidence and supporting the development of standardized herbal preparations. Forty healthy Wistar rats, equally divided by sex, were acclimatized for seven days and randomly assigned to control and treatment groups. The treatment group received C. speciosus rhizome extract orally at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight daily for 90 days, while the control group received a vehicle solution (Na-CMC). Body weight was monitored regularly, and at baseline (T0) and at the end of the study (T90), blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis of serum creatinine and urea levels. Additionally, kidney organ indices were determined, and histopathological examinations were performed to detect potential structural changes. The results indicated that body weight gain in both male and female rats was comparable between control and treatment groups throughout the study, with no statistically significant differences. Serum creatinine and urea levels remained within normal physiological ranges at both T0 and T90, and no significant differences were observed between groups. Kidney organ indices showed minor variations that were not statistically significant, and histopathological evaluation revealed no treatment-related abnormalities. In conclusion, subchronic oral administration of C. speciosus rhizome extract at 300 mg/kg body weight for 90 days did not produce nephrotoxic effects in Wistar rats. The extract was well tolerated, and renal function remained intact, supporting its safety profile. These findings provide foundational evidence for the safe development of C. speciosus as a standardized herbal medicinal product, addressing the urgent need for scientifically validated data on its long-term safety.
Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid Total Dan Fenol Total Dari Tanaman Pacing Pentul (Costus spicatus) Asep Roni; Intan Sri Mulyati; Dadang Juanda
Indonesian Journal of Herbal Science and Innovation Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Herbal Science and Innovation (IJHerbSI)
Publisher : PT CENDEKIA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64673/ijherbsi.v1i2.11

Abstract

Antioksidan merupakan senyawa yang mampu menstabilkan radikal bebas melalui mekanisme donor elektron, sehingga dapat mencegah terjadinya reaksi berantai yang berpotensi merusak sel, protein, lipid, dan enzim. Pacing pentul (Costus spicatus) adalah tanaman dari genus Costus yang diketahui mengandung flavonoid dan senyawa fenolik yang berperan sebagai antioksidan dalam menetralkan radikal bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar flavonoid total dan fenol total pada ekstrak daun dan rimpang pacing pentul. Proses ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan metode refluks bertingkat dengan pelarut berbeda tingkat kepolarannya, yaitu n-heksana, etil asetat, dan etanol 96%. Penetapan kadar flavonoid total dilakukan menggunakan pereaksi AlCl₃, sedangkan kadar fenol total ditetapkan menggunakan pereaksi Folin–Ciocalteu. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 415 nm untuk flavonoid dan 765 nm untuk fenol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 96% memiliki kadar flavonoid total tertinggi, baik pada daun (9,049 mg QE/100 mg ekstrak) maupun rimpang (4,424 mg QE/100 mg ekstrak). Kadar fenol total tertinggi juga diperoleh dari ekstrak etanol 96%, masing-masing sebesar 7,984 mg GAE/100 mg ekstrak pada daun dan 3,868 mg GAE/100 mg ekstrak pada rimpang.

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