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Energy, Materials and Product Design
Published by Jurusan Teknik Mesin dan Industri, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 29646987     EISSN : 29646987     DOI : https://doi.org/10.29303/empd.v5n1
Core Subject :
Energy, Materials, and Product Design is an open-access journal published by the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mataram, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Articles approved and published in the journal are accessible to the public at https://journal.unram.ac.id/index.php/empd/index. Energy, Materials, and Product Design is a platform for publishing research results, case studies, and reviews related to mechanical engineering and its relationship to industrial engineering, such as heat exchangers, energy conversion (including solar, wind, ocean, and biomass), heat storage, materials and components (including manufacturing and metallurgy), electric vehicles or their components, and ergonomics applications in tool and workstation design, occupational health and safety (OHS), productivity, production and manufacturing systems, work design and reliability, material handling, optimization and simulation, quality control, and quality engineering. Articles can be written in Indonesian and English according to the Energy, Materials and Product Design journal guidelines.
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Articles 52 Documents
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ANALISIS EFISIENSI ENERGI PADA PROSES PENGERINGAN GABAH MENGGUNAKAN DRYER GRAINPRO 30T-HS DI PT KARUNIA TRINITAS AGRO I Wayan Joniarta; Yoga Raditya Ananda Putra; Made Wijana; I Kade Wiratama
Energy, Materials and Product Design Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Energy, Materials and Product Design
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin dan Industri, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/h62cpf76

Abstract

Rice is a key food commodity that plays a strategic role in maintaining national food security. One of the important stages in post-harvest processing is grain drying, as excessive moisture content can reduce rice quality and accelerate deterioration during storage. This study aims to analyze energy efficiency in the grain drying process using the GrainPro 30T-HS dryer at PT Karunia Trinitas Agro. The research method was conducted through direct observation with measurements of grain moisture content, drying temperature, process duration, husk fuel consumption, and electricity usage. The results showed that grain moisture decreased from 25.1% to 12.5% with a total mass of 23,000 kg. The drying process was carried out at 60 °C for 17 hours, with husk consumption of 1,500 kg and electrical power of 19 HP. Based on the calculation, the energy efficiency of the dryer reached 34.65%, which is relatively higher compared to other studies on biomass-fired batch dryers. This finding highlights that utilizing rice husks as fuel is not only economical but also environmentally friendly, thus the GrainPro 30T-HS can be recommended as an efficient drying system for industrial-scale applications..
KAJIAN ENERGI TERBARUKAN DAN PENINGKATAN EKONOMI DARI PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH SEKAM PADI MELALUI CO-FIRING BIOMASSA I Gede Bawa Susana; I Gusti Agung Ketut Chatur Adhi Wirya Aryadi
Energy, Materials and Product Design Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Energy, Materials and Product Design
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin dan Industri, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/n0qbf184

Abstract

Pemanfaatan limbah sekam padi sebagai sumber energi terbarukan memiliki potensi besar dalam mendukung ketahanan energi nasional sekaligus memberikan nilai tambah ekonomi bagi masyarakat. Indonesia dengan produksi padi mencapai 53,14 juta ton pada tahun 2024 memiliki potensi limbah sekam padi sebesar 10,63 juta ton. Dengan nilai kalor rata-rata 14 MJ/kg, potensi energi teoritis sekam padi mencapai 148,8×10⁹ MJ atau setara dengan 41,33 GWh per tahun. Pemanfaatan sekam padi sebagai bahan bakar campuran (co-firing) pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap peningkatan bauran energi terbarukan dan pengurangan emisi gas rumah kaca. Berdasarkan data PLN, program co-firing biomassa telah diterapkan di 46 PLTU hingga 2023 dengan penggunaan biomassa 1 juta ton dan penurunan emisi sekitar 1,05 juta ton CO₂e. Uji coba co-firing sekam padi di beberapa PLTU seperti Jeranjang, Paiton, dan Suralaya menunjukkan operasi yang stabil dengan efisiensi tinggi dan penurunan emisi SO₂ hingga 29,22%. Meskipun memiliki nilai kalor lebih rendah dibanding batubara dan kadar abu tinggi (hingga 20,67%), sekam padi tetap potensial digunakan hingga rasio 20–30% massa energi. Kandungan silika (SiO₂) yang mencapai 95,52% menimbulkan tantangan seperti slagging dan fouling, namun residu abu dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan campuran semen atau silica powder. Pemanfaatan sekam padi melalui metode direct co-firing dinilai paling sesuai untuk PLTU di Indonesia karena murah dan mudah diterapkan tanpa modifikasi besar. Secara keseluruhan, co-firing sekam padi mampu mendukung transisi energi bersih, mengurangi ketergantungan pada batubara, meningkatkan ekonomi sirkular pedesaan, serta berkontribusi terhadap target Net Zero Emission 2060 di Indonesia.
EVALUASI KINERJA TERMAL UNJUK KERJA KOMPOR BERBAHAN BAKAR OLI BEKAS: THERMAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF USED OIL-FUELED STOVES I Made Mara; I Made Adi Sayoga; I Made Nuarsa
Energy, Materials and Product Design Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Energy, Materials and Product Design
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin dan Industri, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/b0ks5a25

Abstract

The use of used cooking oil and waste oil as fuel—particularly for cooking—is becoming increasingly common among the public in Indonesia. While this practice offers economic advantages, improper management of used oil can lead to environmental problems such as air and soil pollution. To address this issue, alternative methods for processing used oil are needed to minimize its negative impact. One such method is the use of a used oil stove, which utilizes waste oil as fuel. This not only reduces the amount of oil discarded but also provides a cost-effective substitute for more expensive fuels like gas or kerosene. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of varying air flow velocities on flame temperature, flame color, and the time required to heat water using used oil as fuel in a stove. The stove was tested under different air flow conditions, and flame temperature and color were observed in three stages. Additionally, the time taken to heat water to approximately 90 °C was recorded. At the lowest air flow rate of 15 m/s, the flame temperature reached 251.5 °C, and the water heating time was 187 seconds. At the highest air flow velocity of 29 m/s, the flame temperature increased to 273.7 °C. These results indicate that higher air flow velocity lead to increased flame temperatures and improved heating efficiency, suggesting that optimizing air flow in used oil stoves can enhance their performance while supporting more sustainable fuel practices.
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN SHIP DALAM ANALISIS ERGONOMI MAKRO PADA KAJIAN PENGEMBANGAN ALAT PENGERING PASCAPANEN BAGI PETANI KECIL  I Gede Bawa Susana; Rudy Sutanto
Energy, Materials and Product Design Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Energy, Materials and Product Design
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin dan Industri, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/empd.v5n1.338-345

Abstract

Postharvest drying equipment plays an important role in maintaining the quality of agricultural products produced by smallholder farmers. However, many currently used drying devices have not fully considered ergonomic aspects, particularly at the work system level. This study aims to analyse the design of postharvest drying equipment for smallholder farmers using a macro ergonomic approach grounded in the SHIP principles (systemic, holistic, interdisciplinary, and participatory). This approach is employed to examine the interrelationships among humans, tools, work processes, the environment, and the organizational and social aspects surrounding the system. The research method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach, employing a literature review and conceptual analysis of postharvest drying equipment design practices at the smallholder farming scale. The analysis results indicate that the SHIP approach enables the comprehensive identification of ergonomic issues, ranging from mismatches between equipment design and farmers’ working postures and habits to limitations in production systems, as well as the lack of user involvement in the design process. The integration of systemic, holistic, interdisciplinary, and participatory principles provides a macro-ergonomic framework that is relevant and applicable to supporting the design of postharvest drying equipment that is more contextual, sustainable, and aligned with the needs of smallholder farmers. In macro ergonomics, the SHIP approach serves as a methodological framework for comprehensively analysing and designing work systems by positioning humans at the centre of the system. This study is expected to serve as a conceptual reference for the development of agricultural equipment design based on macro-ergonomic principles.
SIMULASI PENERAPAN METODE TOPSIS UNTUK PENENTUAN PRIORITAS PERBAIKAN ERGONOMI: STUDI KASUS BERBASIS SIMULASI DATA Fikrihadi Kurnia; Anak Agung Alit Triadi
Energy, Materials and Product Design Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Energy, Materials and Product Design
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin dan Industri, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/empd.v5n1.323-330

Abstract

Conventional ergonomic risk evaluations in the manufacturing industry are generally focused solely on posture severity, often leading to management rejecting improvement recommendations due to operational cost and time constraints. This study aims to demonstrate the application of the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method to resolve multi-criteria conflicts between worker safety and corporate financial efficiency. A quantitative descriptive approach was used through data simulation on five alternative workstations evaluated against five criteria: REBA score, NBM score, estimated cost, implementation time, and expected productivity targets. The relative closeness distance computation resulted in the Cutting Station as the main priority for intervention with a preference value of 0.627. This alternative outperformed the Assembly Station (0.463), which actually possessed the highest absolute hazard but demanded the most expensive improvement costs and the longest production downtime. In conclusion, the integration of the TOPSIS algorithm proved effective in transforming hazard assessment metrics into rational investment decisions. This mathematical modeling provides a strategic guide for executive management in designing workspace improvement roadmaps that ensure workers' biological health while maintaining corporate cash flow sustainability.
EKSPLORE KARAKTERISTIK TARIK, THERMAL DAN MORPHOLOGY KOMPOSIT EPOXY DIPERKUAT SERAT TIMOHO – MIKRO SERBUK Al2O3 Suteja; Syarif Hidayatullah
Energy, Materials and Product Design Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Energy, Materials and Product Design
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin dan Industri, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/empd.v5n1.376-382

Abstract

Epoxy composites reinforced with natural fibers can be added with a second filler in the form of powder to enhance their performance. This method affects the thermal resistance properties of the composites. This study investigates the development of epoxy composites reinforced with timoho fibers to which an aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) powder filler has been added. The composites were fabricated using the hand lay-up method, and the tensile properties, thermal conductivity, and fracture morphology of the epoxy composites were analyzed to determine the effect of varying the volume fraction of Al₂O₃ filler on epoxy composites containing 20% (wt) timoho fibers. The results of the investigation showed that the highest tensile strength of 70.41 MPa was obtained by the SA composite, then decreased to 51.15 MPa in the SC composite. The highest thermal conductivity and linear thermal expansion coefficient values for the composites were each found in the SA sample, at 1179.13 W/m·K and 1045.25 °C, respectively. SEM morphology revealed that the timoho fibers experienced fiber pull-out and cracks in the epoxy matrix. Overall, the SEM images support the tensile strength values.
EFFECT OF OVERLAP LENGTH AND ADHESIVE THICKNESS ON THE SHEAR STRENGTH OF JUTE FIBRE COMPOSITE AND FIBREGLASS COMPOSITE JOINTS Sugiman; Aji Noven Setyawan; Agus Dwi Catur; Hilton Ahmad
Energy, Materials and Product Design Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Energy, Materials and Product Design
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin dan Industri, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/empd.v5n1.316-322

Abstract

Adhesively bonded joints have attracted the attention of engineers for connecting different materials to develop lightweight structures. The materials that can be bonded include composite materials with different reinforcements, such as glass and natural fibres, but to achieve optimal strength, factors such as adhesive thickness and overlap length remain decisive. This study aims to determine the effect of overlap length and adhesive thickness on the shear strength of jute fibre-reinforced composite and glass fibre-reinforced composite joints. This study used single lap joints according to ASTM D1002. The overlap lengths varied by 15, 20, 25, and 30 mm, while the adhesive thicknesses varied by 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mm. This study found that joint strength decreases with increasing overlap length, whereas the effect of adhesive thickness depends on overlap length. At overlap lengths of 15 and 20 mm, joint strength increases with increasing adhesive thickness, whereas at 25 and 30 mm overlap lengths, it appears to remain constant. The optimal adhesive thickness is 0.4 mm.  At an overlap length of 20 mm, the shear strength at adhesive thicknesses of 0.4 mm and 0.2 mm is 4.58 MPa and 3.71 MPa, respectively, or an increase of about 36% relative to the 0.2 mm thickness. The results imply that for hybrid jute and fibreglass composite joints, a short overlap length (i.e., 15 mm) and an adhesive thickness below 0.4 mm are recommended.
KINERJA MESIN AIR-WATER HARVESTER DENGAN SUSUNAN EVAPORATOR PARALEL PASA BERBAGAI KECEPATAN UDARA MASUK Mirmanto; Nurchayati; Nurpatria; Ahmad Sofa Amrillah
Energy, Materials and Product Design Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Energy, Materials and Product Design
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin dan Industri, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/empd.v5n1.307-315

Abstract

During the dry season, several regions in Indonesia experience drought conditions and limited access to clean water. An air-water harvester system offers a potential solution, as it utilizes flexible air conditioning (AC) components and can be implemented in various locations provided that an adequate power supply is available. This study aims to investigate the effect of inlet air velocity on water production and heat transfer rate in an air-water harvester system. An experimental approach was employed with inlet air velocity variations of 0 m/s, 1.5 m/s, and 3 m/s. The system utilized three evaporators constructed from 12U refrigerator condensers, a 1 PK compressor, and R-134a refrigerant. Experiments were conducted over a period of nine days, from 09:00 to 16:00 each day. The results indicate that increasing inlet air velocity enhances both water production and heat transfer rate. The highest average water yield was 1.676 kg over a 7-hour period at an air velocity of 3 m/s. In addition, the maximum average total heat transfer rate absorbed by the evaporator reached 295.98 W under the same air velocity condition.
ANALISIS PERFORMA ALAT DISTILASI SURYA DENGAN VARIASI KETEBALAN KACA PENUTUP Ida Bagus Alit; Made Wirawan; Irham Zulkarnain
Energy, Materials and Product Design Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Energy, Materials and Product Design
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin dan Industri, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/empd.v5n1.346-353

Abstract

The availability of clean water has become a global challenge due to the dominance of seawater on Earth and the limited amount of usable freshwater. One potential solution is solar distillation, which utilizes solar energy as a renewable energy source. This study aims to analyze the effect of glass cover thickness on the performance of the solar distillation system, including temperature distribution, water productivity, and system efficiency. The glass thicknesses used in this study were 3 mm, 5 mm, and 8 mm. The results showed that glass thickness significantly affected system performance. 3 mm glass produced the highest productivity of 1073.33 ml/day with an efficiency of approximately 39%, followed by 5 mm and 8 mm glass. Increasing glass thickness reduced temperature, evaporation rate, and distillation yield due to higher thermal resistance and lower solar radiation transmission. Therefore, the optimal glass thickness is 3–5 mm to achieve maximum system performance.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN LIMBAH CAIRAN JAGUNG  TERHADAP KUALITAS DAN KUANTITAS BIOGAS  DARI KOTORAN SAPI  I Wayan Joniarta; Febrian Purnama; I Made Mara; I Kade Wiratama
Energy, Materials and Product Design Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Energy, Materials and Product Design
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin dan Industri, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/empd.v5n1.331-337

Abstract

Biogas is one of the alternative energies that can be utilized to meet fuel energy needs. It originates from the fermentation process of biomass, such as cow dung. This research focuses on producing biogas from cow dung with the addition of corn waste water to determine the influence of adding corn waste water on the quality and quantity of the generated biogas. Treatments were applied by varying the composition of cow dung with corn waste water (A, B, C) and cow dung with water (D) as a control. The successive compositions created were composition A (1:1j), composition B (1:2j), composition C (1:3j), and composition D (1:1a), each repeated three times, and the study was conducted for 30 days. The research results indicate that with the addition of corn waste water, the highest quantity of biogas was obtained in composition A, amounting to 1168.08 cm3, while the lowest quantity was obtained in composition B, totaling 791.21 cm3. Regarding the quality testing of biogas with the addition of corn waste water, the highest quality was observed in composition A at 49.76%, whereas the lowest quality was found in composition B at 23%. However, in composition D, which consists of cow dung biogas with water demonstrated superior quality and quantity, with a quality value of 52.82% and a quantity of 1384.05 cm3. The data obtained suggest that corn waste water may not be as effective as a supplementary material for the mixture of cow dung biogas.

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