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Research in Education, Technology, and Multiculture
Published by Institute of Multidisciplinary Research and Community Service
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30256763     DOI : http://doi.org/10.61436/rietm
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Research in Education, Technology, and Multiculture is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal that provides a comprehensive platform for the dissemination of scholarly works across three primary pillars: Technology and Applied Sciences, Technology-Enhanced Education, and Ethnics and Multiculturalism. The journal accommodates a broad spectrum of studies within these fields, encouraging both independent explorations and multidisciplinary approaches. The journal welcomes original research articles, conceptual papers, case studies, and community service reports that contribute to academic development and practical knowledge. Topics of interest comprehensively cover, but are not limited to: • Technology and Applied Sciences: information and communication technology, artificial Intelligence, block chain and digital transformation, STEM disciplines, alongside industrial and practical applications of applied sciences, as well as fundamental and applied research in mathematics and natural sciences. • Technology-Enhanced Education: Digital learning environments, educational technology (EdTech) innovations, and ICT based pedagogical strategies. • Ethnics and Multiculturalism: Multiculturalism in society and educational settings, ethnic relations, immigration and migrant workers’ studies, intercultural communication, cultural heritage, and diversity in social life.
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Articles 48 Documents
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A Bibliometric Mapping of Artificial Intelligence Research in Digital Public Service (2020–2025) Inkreswari Retno Hardini; Susetyo Bagas Bhaskoro; Tivani Shakilla Ervi; Meta Bara Berutu
Research in Education, Technology, and Multiculture Vol 5, No 2 (2026): Research in Education, Technology, and Multiculture
Publisher : Institute of Multidisciplinary Research and Community Service

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61436/rietm/v5i2.pp141-159

Abstract

AI ceases to be a matter of discussion as a technological innovation, but also of how governments redesign the provision of public services, deal with information, and react to the more intricate needs of society. Research in the field of AI and digital public service has been accelerating rapidly over the past few years, particularly amid the accelerated pace of digital transformation during the COVID-19 period and beyond. However, the discourse is still dispersed across different fields and research issues, and thus, it is difficult to follow the development of the field as a system. The aim of this paper is therefore to conduct a review of the development and research frontier of AI in Digital Public Service during the period between 2020 and 2025 through a bibliometric approach. The study used bibliographic data acquired via the Scopus database. Data were collected using a structured search strategy that combines Boolean operators and keywords related to artificial intelligence and digital public service. A total of 662 publications were retrieved and visualized using VOSviewer. After the use of a minimum occurrence of five, 216 keywords were chosen and grouped into six thematic clusters. The results show a definite upward trend in the number of publications after 2022, indicating greater academic interest in AI-based governance and digital transformation in the state sector. Several prevailing themes emerged, including machine learning, digital government, public administration, natural language processing, information management, and AI governance. Overall, the findings suggest that the study of AI in digital public service has moved beyond the argument about fundamental digitalization to address significant questions about governance, public value, and the responsible use of AI. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Digital public service, Digital government, Bibliometric analysis, Smart governance.
The Development of an AppSheet-Based Digital Attendance System Using Integrated Technology to Support Student Discipline Darojah Darojah; Nurkolis Nurkolis; Lilik Ariyanto; Milagros Racacho Baldemor
Research in Education, Technology, and Multiculture Vol 5, No 2 (2026): Research in Education, Technology, and Multiculture
Publisher : Institute of Multidisciplinary Research and Community Service

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61436/rietm/v5i2.pp160-171

Abstract

This study aims to design an AppSheet-based digital attendance application integrated with the Global Positioning System (GPS) and biometric features, and to evaluate the application's validity, practicality, and effectiveness. This study uses a research and development approach with the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, observations, and document analysis. Participants were students of SMP Negeri 2 Satu Atap Sluke in Rembang, Central Java, Indonesia, using multilevel and simple random sampling. Data analysis used expert validation tests and product practicality tests. The statistical analysis used was nonparametric statistics because the number of samples was small and no immersion test was carried out, consisting of the Wilcoxon test and the Spearman correlation test. In addition, an N-Gain test was conducted. The results of the study showed that the developed instrument had very good validity (98%), so it could be used. The practicality test showed a score of 92%, indicating that this product is very practical to use. The effectiveness of this product was evaluated using three types of tests: the Wilcoxon test, Spearman's correlation, and the N-Gain. The Wilcoxon test showed that digital attendance significantly increased student attendance (p = 0.001 0.05), by 8 points compared to manual attendance. The Spearman's rho showed no significant difference in the use of this digital attendance system in improving student discipline, with a significance value of 0.176 0.05. The N-Gain showed an average value of 0.04, indicating a low increase. It is recommended that the use of digital attendance to improve student discipline not be left solely to the device, but also receive support from various stakeholders, such as teachers, principals, parents, and the community. Keywords: digital attendance system; student discipline; GPS technology; biometric technology; appsheet-based.
ESP32-Based Inventory Tracker for Goods Recording with Barcode Identification Sitti Wetenriajeng Sidehabi; Wahidah Wahidah; St. Nurhayati Jabir; Muh Rizal Wahyudin; Muhammad Fauzan Suharman
Research in Education, Technology, and Multiculture Vol 5, No 3 (2026): Research in Education, Technology, and Multiculture
Publisher : Institute of Multidisciplinary Research and Community Service

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61436/rietm/v5i3.pp208-221

Abstract

Manual inventory recording remains vulnerable to delayed updates, transcription errors, and repeated reconciliation, particularly in warehouse units that still rely on spreadsheet-based data entry. This study aims to design and evaluate a Smart Inventory Tracker for recording goods at the PT Berkah Industri Mesin Angkat Site Kendari by integrating barcode scanning, ESP32-based edge processing, and cloud-based storage. The prototype used an ESP32 development board, a GM66 barcode scanner communicating through a Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter (UART) interface, a thin-film transistor (TFT) display driven through the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) protocol, a 12 V DC power supply with step-down regulation, a JSON reference database hosted on GitHub, and a Google Apps Script endpoint for writing validated transactions to Google Spreadsheets. The evaluation followed an engineering research approach covering hardware assembly, software integration, database matching, transaction logging, and functional testing. System performance was assessed through barcode readability distance testing, registered and unregistered barcode validation, end-to-end response-time measurement, and paired comparison with manual Google Sheets recording. Barcode reading was reliable at 3.7-16.4 cm, while scans at 3.6 cm and 16.5 cm failed outside the empirically verified optical working range. Ten registered barcode samples were successfully displayed and recorded, with an average end-to-end cloud logging time of 4.58 s per item. Manual recording required 45.57 s per item on average; therefore, the automated method reduced the observed recording duration by 40.99 s per item, equivalent to an 89.94% time reduction. Unregistered barcodes were rejected and were not appended to the spreadsheet. These findings indicate that the architecture supports faster and more consistent recording for small- to medium-sized warehouse operations. However, component-level latency logging, offline buffering, and broader network-condition testing remain necessary before large-scale commercial deployment. Keywords: Inventory management, ESP32, Barcode identification, Internet of Things (IoT), Google spreadsheets.
Floodable Park Landscape Model as Adaptive Infrastructure: Integrating Blue-Green Technology and Community Education for Urban Flood Mitigation in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia Ina Winiastuti Hutriani; Muhammad Saddam Ali; Zulvita Amanda; Susan Krisanti; Bagas Arianto; Cindy Romauly Elysabeth Manurung; Muhammad Arya Wibowo; Luthfie Adli Wistoro
Research in Education, Technology, and Multiculture Vol 5, No 3 (2026): Research in Education, Technology, and Multiculture
Publisher : Institute of Multidisciplinary Research and Community Service

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61436/rietm/v5i3.pp189-207

Abstract

Bandar Lampung City faces escalating flooding challenges driven by rapid urbanization and climate change, necessitating the adoption of nature-based solutions. This study proposes a floodable park landscape model that integrates blue-green infrastructure with community education programs, serving as an alternative to traditional structural mitigation. The research focused on Barunaria Field in the Panjang District, a site identified as a high-priority flood-prone area through previous GIS-based spatial analysis. The study utilized a modified LaGro landscape design framework across three stages: inventory and site selection, analysis and synthesis, and conceptual development. Primary data were gathered via field surveys, temporal environmental measurements of temperature, humidity, and noise, behavioral observations, and semi-structured interviews with residents, supplemented by documentation reviews. Analysis revealed several critical factors contributing to flooding, including low infiltration capacity from extensive impermeable surfaces, high runoff coefficients, and acidic soil conditions. Additionally, the site suffered from waste accumulation, noise pollution, and a lack of social or educational infrastructure. The resulting modular design integrates rain gardens, bioswales, permeable pavements, and infiltration wells with social and agricultural zones, including urban farming areas, amphitheaters, and pedestrian pathways. A distinguishing feature of this model is the incorporation of Lampung’s Tapis batik motifs into functional landscape elements. It also establishes educational zones for disaster risk reduction and urban farming, functioning as a practical site for environmental education. The proposed model facilitates recreation and food production during dry periods while functioning as a retention system during the rainy season to reduce runoff. This culturally grounded, modular approach provides a framework for sustainable flood mitigation that supports environmental education and community resilience through ecological and social benefits. Keywords: Blue-green infrastructure; Community education; Floodable park; Local wisdom; Urban agriculture.
Steady RANS Assessment of Stall Fence Effects on Wells Turbine Performance for Oscillating Water Column Systems Muhammad Nurfajriansyah Muslich; Aditya Rio Prabowo; Ristiyanto Adiputra; Seung Jun Baek; Svitlana Onyshchenko; Mahfud Alfajar; Dominicus Danardono Dwi Prija Tjahjana; Iwan Istanto; Rahman Wijaya; Hermes Carvalho
Research in Education, Technology, and Multiculture Vol 5, No 3 (2026): Research in Education, Technology, and Multiculture
Publisher : Institute of Multidisciplinary Research and Community Service

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61436/rietm/v5i3.pp222-238

Abstract

The Wells turbine is a key component in an Oscillating Water Column (OWC)-based ocean wave energy conversion system, yet its limited operating range due to leading-edge stall constrains overall system efficiency. This study presents an independent CFD benchmark of the performance of the Wells turbine with and without a passive flow control device, a stall fence, as investigated by Das and Samad (2020). Steady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations using the SST k-ω turbulence model were performed in ANSYS CFX v22.1 by replicating the original geometry, boundary conditions, and mesh density for direct comparison. The reference turbine (eight NACA 0015 blades, solidity 0.64) and the configuration with a stall fence (fences at 40% and 80% span) were evaluated over a flow coefficient range of φ = 0.075-0.275. Grid independence study using quantitative (non-dimensional torque T*) and qualitative (tip-vortex topology) criteria resulted in the selection of a 3.5-million-element mesh. For the reference turbine, a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 2.0% for T* and 3.1% for efficiency was obtained in the pre-stall range (φ ≤ 0.225), confirming strong numerical reproducibility. However, steady RANS failed to predict the stall onset for the reference configurations and overpredicted torque by up to 508% in the post-stall region. The stall point at φ = 0.250 was successfully reproduced with a deviation approaching zero, proving that the vorticity induced by the fence geometry enhances the reliability of RANS stall predictions. The pre-stall MAPE for the fence configuration was 4.4% for T*, slightly higher due to local vortex interactions around the fence. These findings establish steady RANS as a reliable design tool in the pre-stall range and demonstrate that passive fence stalls not only extend the turbine’s operating range but also improve the accuracy of CFD predictions. Keywords: Wells turbine, Stall fence, CFD benchmark, Steady RANS, Ocean wave energy conversion.
Green IS Adoption Through Academic Web Services: A UTAUT-Based Evaluation at Universitas Sebelas Maret Rizqi Satya Haprabu; Puspanda Hatta; Endar Suprih Wihidayat
Research in Education, Technology, and Multiculture Vol 5, No 3 (2026): Research in Education, Technology, and Multiculture
Publisher : Institute of Multidisciplinary Research and Community Service

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61436/rietm/v5i3.pp239-252

Abstract

Digital academic services at universities do not automatically ensure environmentally responsible use, and the extent to which such platforms support sustainable digital practice remains underexamined in higher education. This study evaluates how university students' use of academic web services contributes to the adoption of Green Information Systems (Green IS) using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as the theoretical framework. A quantitative survey collected data from 210 undergraduate and vocational students across 15 faculties at Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) who actively use the SIAKAD, SPADA, and OCW web services. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with a Two-Stage Higher-Order Construct approach, in which Green IS was specified as a formative higher-order construct built from three lower-order dimensions: Paperless, Work Efficiency, and Green Awareness. Results show that Social Influence (β=0.378), Facilitating Conditions (β=0.289), and Performance Expectancy (β=0.218) significantly influenced Behavioral Intention, while Effort Expectancy (β=0.078, p = 0.275) likely reflected students' prior familiarity with digital technologies. Use Behavior was the strongest predictor of Green IS adoption (β=0.639), and the Behavior Intention→Use Behavior→Green IS mediation pathway was confirmed as the core adoption mechanism, indicating that intention drives the Green IS outcome primarily through sustained actual use. The Paperless dimension contributed only marginally, suggesting that paperless practice remains in the early stages of Green IS maturity among students. These findings indicate that Green IS adoption in mandatory-use academic settings is driven less by ease of use and more by social expectations, institutional facilitation, and consistent system usage. Universities seeking to advance sustainable digital practices should prioritize social influence-based institutional policies, such as normalizing paperless workflows through lecturer and institutional endorsement. Keywords: Green IS, UTAUT, PLS-SEM, Higher Education, Behavioral Intention, Use Behavior
SDG Convergence or Divergence? Indonesia’s Development Trajectory Among Emerging Economies and the Path Toward OECD Standards (2000–2025) Setia Damayanti; Eka Sudarmaji; Lely Mustika; Norngainy Mohd Tawil
Research in Education, Technology, and Multiculture Vol 5, No 3 (2026): Research in Education, Technology, and Multiculture
Publisher : Institute of Multidisciplinary Research and Community Service

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61436/rietm/v5i3.pp253-263

Abstract

Despite Indonesia’s stated commitment to the 2030 Agenda, the quantitative distance between its SDG performance and OECD benchmarks has received surprisingly little systematic attention. This paper closes that gap by extending a comparative convergence analysis of Indonesia against 14 emerging-economy peers, using panel data for 167 countries from 2000 to 2025, two years further than any prior published study. Four methods are applied sequentially: sigma-convergence analysis using the coefficient of variation, beta-convergence estimation via ordinary least squares regression, K-means cluster analysis across 17 SDG dimensions, and an OECD Gap–Momentum Priority Matrix constructed from Lasso regression and Spearman rank correlation. The results confirm sigma-convergence among the peer group (CV falling from 9.58% in 2000 to 6.97% in 2025). However, Indonesia’s own beta-convergence coefficient remains statistically tenuous (β = 0.064, p = 0.071), pointing to structural inertia rather than purposeful catch-up. The Kruskal-Wallis test confirms that regional score differences are not random variation (H = 127.34, p 0.001). Indonesia’s largest absolute deficits lie in SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure; gap = 34.5 points), SDG 3 (Good Health; 25.8 points), and SDG 15 (Life on Land; 21.9 points). However, with an annual progress rate of 0.851 points (the fastest recorded among all 15 peers), Indonesia is on track to close the OECD gap within roughly 11 years at the current pace. SDGs 9, 3, and 5 are identified as the highest-return targets for concentrated policy effort given their combination of structural weight and persistent underperformance. Keywords: SDG convergence, OECD benchmark, Sustainable development.
Analysis of Student Sentiment towards the Gratispol Program Using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and TF-IDF Algorithms Kristian Vandi Hermawan; Heny Pratiwi; Ahmad Fahrijal Pukeng
Research in Education, Technology, and Multiculture Vol 5, No 3 (2026): Research in Education, Technology, and Multiculture
Publisher : Institute of Multidisciplinary Research and Community Service

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61436/rietm/v5i3.pp264-279

Abstract

Public policy in the education sector requires continuous evaluation to ensure the effectiveness of its implementation, one example being the Gratispol Program organized by the Provincial Government of East Kalimantan. Student opinions on this program are widely expressed through Instagram comment sections. However, the unstructured nature of the data and the presence of informal language make manual analysis difficult. This study aims to analyze student sentiment based on 539 comments from 21 posts on the official Instagram accounts of 14 higher education institutions in East Kalimantan. The data were initially labeled using IndoBERT, manually validated, extracted using TF-IDF, balanced using SMOTE, and then classified using a linear-kernel SVM algorithm optimized through GridSearchCV. The results show that neutral sentiment dominates (50.5%), followed by negative (28.9%) and positive (20.6%) sentiment. Parameter optimization increased the model's accuracy from 62.96% to 67.90%. Negative comments were dominated by complaints about delays in fund disbursement, while positive comments contained appreciation for the program. These findings provide an empirical picture of student perceptions that can serve as input for the Provincial Government of East Kalimantan in improving the implementation of the Gratispol Program.

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