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Jurnal Akademika Biologi
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26219824     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
Jurnal Akademika Biologi diterbitkan oleh Departemen Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Universitas Diponegoro Semarang. Jurnal ini sebagai media publikasi hasil karya ilmiah lulusan S1 Departemen Biologi. Jurnal Akademika Biologi menerima artikel-artikel yang berhubungan dengan bidang ilmu biologi.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 234 Documents
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PRODUKSI KITOSAN SECARA ENZIMATIK OLEH Bacillus firmus E65 UNTUK PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA PADA BUAH MANGGA (Mangifera Indica L.) Dwina Mulyaningtyas; Susiana Purwantisari; Endang Kusdiyantini; Yadi Suryadi
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 5 No. 4 Oktober 2016
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Anthracnose is postharvest disease on mango caused by fungi Colletotrichum gloesporioides. Anthracnose can be inhibited development by chitosan as a preservative anti-fungal for fruit. Effectiveness of chitosan can be increased by enzymatic hydrolyze method to obtain a low molecular weight chitosan. Low molecular weight chitosan can be reducing the particle size into nano chitosan. This study aims to obtain the low molecular weight of chitosan by hydrolyzing the commercial chitosan enzymatically using B. firmus E65, the production of nano chitosan with ionic gelation method and to determine the volume ratio of low molecular weight of chitosan and natrium tripolifosfat (NaTPP) to conduct in vitro and in vivo inhibition on the growth of fungi C. gloeosporioides. The method consist of the production of chitinase from B. firmus E65, the production chitinase of low molecular weight chitosan, ionic gelation, in vitro and in vivo nanochitosan bioassay test on the growth of C. gloeosporioides. The research result showed that the activity of  the crude extract of chitinase is 0.05 U/mL and the purity is 0.07 U/mL. The spesific activity value of crude extract is 0.44 U/mg, and the purity is 0.82 U/mg. The purity level of crude extract is increased 0.83 times from 1 to 1.83 times after purification process. Molecular weight of enzimatically hydrolyzed chitosan is  511.850 Kda. In vitro and in vivo bioassay showed the best result on the growth of C. gloeosporioides are 90 and 91% is obtained in the combination 3:1 of the low molecular weight chitosan and NaTTP. This comparison showed that the size of nano chitosan is 228.74 and the polidispesity index is 0.884. Keywords : Chitinase, chitosan, B, firmus E65, antrachnose, C. gloesporioides.
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN β-KAROTEN FUSAN INTRASPESIES Chlorella vulgaris dan APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI PAKAN TAMBAHAN PADA POST LARVA STADIA 10 UDANG WINDU (Penaeus monodon). Dwi Kristyaningrum; Hermin Pancasakti Kusumaningrum; Endang Kusdiyantini
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 2 No. 3 Juli 2013
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Carotenoids are one of pigment which needed for development of post-larvae tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), but the shrimp unable to synthesis carotenoids by themselves in the body so it takes a feed containing carotenoids. Carotenoids can be obtained from synthetic feed or natural feed. One of the natural feed is microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. β-carotene is the highest content of carotenoid in C. vulgaris, this content can be improved by protoplast fusion. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of β-carotene in fusan intraspecies C. vulgaris and it’s application as supplement in the post-larvae stadia 10th tiger shrimp (P. monodon) Measurement of the amount of  β-carotene using UV-Vis at a wavelength of 460nm. The feeding is done three times a day. The results showed that the amount of β-carotene on fusan C. vulgaris is greater than the wildtype of C. vulgaris. β-carotene in the fusan C. vulgaris is14.88µg/g while the wildtype of C. vulgaris is 7.14 µg/g. Additional applications C. vulgaris by 10 x 104 in 0.0225 g synthetys feed post-larvae stadia 10th shrimp (P. monodon) compared to the post-larvae shrimp fed only control showed that the feed given additional fusan of C. vulgaris increases the weight of shrimp at 39.9%, while the given wildtype of C. vulgaris increasing shrimp weight by 10.1%. Keywords: β-carotene, Chlorella vulgaris, protoplast fusion, post larvae shrimp
PENGARUH PUPUK NANOSILIKA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, UKURAN STOMATA DAN KANDUNGAN KLOROFIL CABAI RAWIT (Capsicum frutescens Linn) VARIETAS CAKRA HIJAU Syella Clarah; Rini Budi Hastuti; Sri Darmanti
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 6 No. 2 April 2017
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Cayenne pepper is one of horticulture crops that has the benefits and high economic value. Problem often encountered in the cultivation of chili that growth and still low production can not meet consumer demand continues to increase. This causes cayenne prices become relatively expensive in the market. Nutrients silica (Si) role in supporting growth and crop production. Applications use silica has now been developed in the form nanosilica as quickly absorbed by plants and needed in very small amounts. This study aim to assess the effect of nanosilica fertilizer on the growth, size of stomata and content of chlorophyll cayenne pepper. This research was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) one factor, that is nanosilica concentration with five treatments: 0 ml/L; 2.5 ml/L; 5 ml/L; 7.5 ml/L; 10 ml/L. The parameters observed are plant height, wet weight, dry weight, number of leaves , size of stomata and content of chlorophyll. The data was analized by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with multiple range test Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 95% confidence level. These results indicate that fertilizer nanosilica can increase plant height, wet weight, dry weight, number of leaves  and size of stomata Cayenne pepper. N1-N4 treatment tends to improve content of chlorophyll cayenne pepper although not significant by ANOVA. Keyword: Cayenne pepper, growth, nanosilica, stomata, chlorophyll
Optimasi Linamarase pada Umbi Singkong (Manihot esculenta Crantz) dan Umbi Gadung (Dioscorea hipsida Dennst) dengan Variasi Suhu dan pH yang Berbeda Yoni Anggun Endah Kurniati; W Wijanarka; Endang Kusdiyantini
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 4 No. 4 Oktober 2015
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Singkong (Manihot esculenta Crantz) dan gadung (Dioscorea hipsida Dennst) merupakan bahan pangan yang memiliki kandungan karbohidrat tinggi. Singkong dan gadung sering dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat Indonesia sebagai pengganti nasi. Kedua bahan pangan ini berpotensi menyebabkan keracunan sianida apabila tidak diolah dengan baik. Umbi singkong dan gadung mengandung enzim hidrolitik yaitu linamarase (EC 3.2.1.2.1) dan substrat linamarin. Senyawa sianida dihasilkan akibat adanya hidrolisis linamarase dengan linamarin pada kondisi pH>6. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi optimal linamarase dari umbi singkong dan gadung. Parameter yang diukur adalah kadar sianida menggunakan spektrofotometri λ= 510 nm. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial. Faktor pertama optimasi linamarase meliputi suhu 350C, 400C, dan 450C, sedangkan faktor kedua meliputi pH 6.5, 7.0, dan 7.5. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimal linamarase singkong pada suhu 450C dan pH 7,5. Kondisi optimal linamarase gadung  pada suhu 350C dan  pH 7.5.Kata kunci : Singkong (Manihot esculenta Crantz), Gadung (Dioscorea hipsida Dennst), Linamarase, Linamarin, Sianida 
TINGKAH LAKU MAKAN DAN MINUM ITIK MAGELANG (Anas javanica) SETELAH PEMBERIAN CAHAYA MERAH DAN PUTIH SERTA KURKUMIN DALAM PAKAN Martha Raras Vegasari; Siti Muflichatun Mardiati; Enny Yusuf Wachidah Yuniwarti
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 7 No. 1 Januari 2018
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Magelang duck was one of the most productive local poultry as an egg producer. Improvements in the management of aves cultivation could be done with the addition of curcumin and light. Curcumin and light were able to affect the behavior of feeding and drinking. This study aimed to analyze the increases of feeding and drinking behavior of magelang duck (Anas javanica) which was fed with curcumin with red and white lighting. This study used 12 female ducks that were 17 weeks old. The study consisted of 4 groups: A0B0 (white light and curcumin 0 mg), A0B1 (white light and curcumin 18 mg), A1B0 (red light and curcumin 0 mg), and A1B1 (red light and curcumin 18 mg). The parameters observed in this study were the frequency of feeding and drinking of magelang ducks (Anas javanica). This research was analyzed by descriptive method. The conclusion of the study was that the giving of red light and white light and curcumin in the curcumin has not potential to improve the duck feeding activity in the stationary phase, while giving white light has potential to improve the behavior of drinking of magelang ducks.Key words: feeding and drinking behavior, Magelang duck, curcumin, red and white light.
Produksi Pigmen Merah Monascus sp. pada Substrat Tepung Biji Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) dan Biji Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) dengan Variasi Penambahan Sumber Nitrogen Tsania Dyna Falasifa; Agung Suprihadi; Sri pujiyanto
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 3 No. 4 Oktober 2014
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Public awareness about the danger of using synthetic dyes impact on health for a long term, pushes the demand of natural dye that is healthier. One of the natural dye is Monascus sp. red pigment which traditionally uses the rice substrate. Durian seed and jackfruit seed are residue from agroindustry which still have high nutritional value thus potentially become the alternative substrate. The aim of this study was to measured Monascus sp. red pigment production in the flour substrate of durian seed and jackfruit seed with variant nitrogen source added. This research used completely randomized design (CRD) factorial with 2 factors. The first factor was a kind of substrate fermentation (N): jackfruit seed flour and (D): durian seed flour. The second factor was concentration peptone added (P0): 0%, (P1): 1%, (P2): 2%, and (P3): 3%. Research consist of 8 treatments with 3 replications. Research parameters were red pigment concentration and biomass estimation. Analysis of the data used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 95% significance level and Pearson correlation test. The result showed that Monascus sp. can  grew and producted red pigment on both of substrate with the addition of a nitrogen source variation. Fermentation on the jackfruit seed flour substrate with 2% peptone added was the most effective in red pigment production  with 5,55 CVU/gds. The addition of 2% peptone on both types of substrate yielded highest biomass with 1.53 mg/gds, and there was a positive correlation between the biomass and the red pigment production. Keywords: Pigment, Monascus sp., Durio zibethinus, Artocarpus heterophyllus, nitrogen
Pengaruh Kombinasi Pupuk daun dan Nano silika terhadap Pertumbuhan Anggrek (Dendrobium sp.) pada Subkultur secara In Vitro Imroatul Khasanah; Erma Prihastanti; Endah Dwi Hastuti; Agus Subagio
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 5 No. 3 Juli 2016
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Orchid is one of the horticulture commodities that are very important in international trade. The problem that is commonly found in the plant tissue culture is hyperhydricity which causes the growth of plant to be too slow. Which is also a problem in acclimatization. Leaf fertilizers contain macro and micro nutrient that promote plant growth. Nano silica is a nutrient which is needed by monocotyl plants to support growth and prevent deficiency or poisoned nutrient. The aim of this research is to know the effects the combination of leaves fertilizer with nano silica and know optimal concentration of  leaves fertilizer and nano silica combination to growth of orchids (Dendrobiumsp) in subculture. This research used Completely Randomize Factorial Design (CRFD) (4x2) with four replication. First factor is leaves fertilizer (G) consists of four extent that is G0: 0,000 g/l; G1: 0,250 g/l; G2: 0,375 g/l; G3: 0,500 g/l. Second factor is nano silica (N) that consists of two extent that is N0: 0 ppm; N1: 20 ppm. The parameters which were measured in this research are number of leaves, plant height, number of roots, and the number of shoots. The data were analyzed by Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) in extent 95%. The results of this research show that there are effects of interaction between leaves fertilizer and nano silica to the amount of roots. Leaves fertilizer does not really affect the orchid but it tends to increase plant height, the amount of shoots and orchid performance. Nano silica does not really affect the orchid but it tends to increase the amount of leaves, plant height and orchid performance. Keyword: Growth, subculture, concentration, leaves fertilizer, nano silica
PERTUMBUHAN ISOLAT RHIZOBAKTERI PELARUT FOSFAT DARI TANAMAN PADI DI MAYONG, JEPARA PADA MEDIA LIMBAH RUMAH PEMOTONGAN HEWAN DAN AIR KELAPA Rutty Wulandari; Agung Suprihadi; Budi Raharjo
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 2 No. 2 April 2013
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

The farmers are now turning towards the use of biofertilizer. The biofertilizer is living microbes applied to the soil in order to help facilitate or provide certain nutrients for plants. Previous study found that B4 isolate has proven capable of solubilizing phosphate so that it could be used as an agent  that was inoculated in biofertilizer. The fertilizer can be formulated by modifying the alternative growth media in the liquid form that has potential, which is slaughterhouse waste and coconut water. Both  media contain organic matters which support the growth of bacteria. This study aimed to test the potential of slaughterhouse waste and coconut water as a medium for the growth of B4 isolate. Methods  of research conducted by Randomized Block Design, in which consists of five treatments namely P1 (100% coconut water), P2 (25% slaughterhouse waste & 75% coconut water), P3 (50% slaughterhouse waste & 50% coconut water), P4 (75% slaughterhouse waste & 25% coconut water), and P5 (100% slaughterhouse waste). The measured variable was the number of bacteria in the organic waste media during the 48 hours incubation period. Data on the number of bacteria was analysed by ANOVA  test  then  continued  with  Duncan  and  LSD  further  tests.  The  results  showed  that P4 treatment significantly different from other treatments, with the highest number of bacteria (1,9 x 1011CFU/mL) at 18 hours incubation. The density of bacterial population in the five formula medias every 3 hours during the 48 hours incubation period showed significantly different, except at 0, 3, 12, and 45 hours incubation. Key words: biofertilizer, phosphate, slaughterhouse waste, coconut water
PENGARUH LAMA PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP PERUBAHAN MORFOLOGI DAN KANDUNGAN GIZI PADA UMBI TALAS BOGOR (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) Jean Cafriany Suryana Putri; Sri Haryanti; Munifatul Izzati
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 6 No. 1 Januari 2017
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Storage of agricultural products is an important thing to do in post-harvest handling. Bogor Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) is a perishable agricultural products at harvest time, so it takes a good handling to be able to maintain its quality as a functional food ingredient (instead of rice). This study aims to determine the long effect of storage on morphology changes, proximate and vitamin B1 content of the tuber Bogor taro. The study design used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) for storage time of 5 days (K.I), 10 days (K.II) and 15 days (K.III) with three replications. The main parameters of the study are the morphological changes (weight loss, shrinkage diameter, tuber damage, the presence of buds) and the chemical changes (proximate and vitamin B1 content). The parameters also play a role in the form of environmental storage conditions (temperature, humidity and light intensity). The analysis of the data was done using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by further test of Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the level of 95%. The result showed the long effect of different storage significantly affect weight loss, but didn’t significantly affect shrinkage diameter and cause tuber damage and growth of shoots. The long effect of different storage significantly affect water content and vitamin B1, but didn’t significantly affect the ash content, crude lipid content, crude protein content and crude fiber content. The duration of storage for 5 days (K.I) showed the best results in maintaining their nutritional value. Keywords: Bogor taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott), storage, proximate vitamin B1
Kadar Proksimat Telur Itik Pengging, Itik Tegal, Itik Magelang di Balai Pembibitan dan Budidaya Ternak Non Ruminansia (BPBTNR), Ambarawa Tika Andriani; Muhammad Anwar Djaelani; Tyas Rini Saraswati
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 4 No. 3 Juli 2015
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Local duck native germplasm Indonesia which has the genetic quality and potential to be developed as a prolific egg producer. Each type has a different chemical composition duck on her eggs. This study aims to transform and analyze proximate Pengging duck eggs, Tegal duck, and Magelang ducks that includes protein, fat, water, ash and carbohydrates. Egg samples were taken from three different types of ducks, namely: Magelang ducks, Tegal duck and Pengging duck six months old to be tested proksimatnya levels. This study consisted of 3 treatments and 6 repetitions on each type of duck eggs. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by a further test using the Least Significant Differences (LSD) at 95% confidence level. The results showed that levels of the protein and no significant water on three types of duck eggs, while the levels of fat, ash and carbohydrates showed significantly different results. It can be concluded that the difference in levels proximate duck eggs from Magelang ducks, Tegal ducks and Pengging ducks revealed that there is a difference of potential metabolites of the three types of ducks.Keywords: Duck Egg, Proximate, Least Significant Differences

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