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INDONESIA
Jurnal Inkofar
Published by Politeknik Meta Industri
ISSN : 26153645     EISSN : 25812920     DOI : https://doi.org/10.46846/jurnalinkofar.v9i1
Core Subject :
INKOFAR Journal is an international peer-reviewed journal published by Politeknik META Industri Cikarang. The journal provides a scientific platform for academics, researchers, practitioners, and professionals to publish original research articles, review papers, case studies, and applied research findings. The journal focuses on multidisciplinary studies in the following fields: 1. Industrial Engineering Production and Operations Management Supply Chain and Logistics Management Ergonomics and Human Factors Quality Engineering and Quality Control Systems Engineering and Optimization Sustainable Manufacturing Decision Support Systems Industrial Management and Productivity 2. Computer Engineering and Informatics Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Software Engineering Data Science and Big Data Analytics Internet of Things (IoT) Computer Networks and Cybersecurity Information Systems Web and Mobile Application Development Human-Computer Interaction 3. Pharmacy and Health Technology Pharmaceutical Technology Pharmacology and Toxicology Clinical and Community Pharmacy Herbal and Natural Product Research Drug Delivery Systems Biomedical and Health Innovation Pharmaceutical Chemistry Public Health and Healthcare Technology INKOFAR Journal welcomes interdisciplinary research that contributes to scientific development, technological innovation, sustainability, and practical solutions for industry and society.
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Articles 30 Documents
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ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN STOK OBAT BERDASARKAN PERSENTASE WAKTU KEKOSONGAN DAN NILAI OBAT KADALUARSA DI PUSKESMAS X Maya Nurul Paidah; Tisa Amalia; Ayu Izzatin Haifa
INKOFAR Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Politeknik META Industri Cikarang

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Abstract

Effective drug stock management is crucial for ensuring medication availability and minimizing financial losses due to expired drugs in primary healthcare facilities. This study aimed to analyze drug stock management based on the percentage of stockout time and the value of expired drugs at Public Health Center (Puskesmas) X. This descriptiveanalytical research employed a mixed-method approach conducted from January to December 2024. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and document review. Quantitative data were analyzed using formulas for stockout percentage and expired drug percentage, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The results showed a stockout percentage of 23.87%, with 47 out of 94 indicator drugs experiencing stockouts. The expired drug percentage was 2.12%, with a total financial loss of IDR 2,693,966. The main causes were ineffective distribution, changing disease trends, and inaccurate planning. In conclusion, drug management at Puskesmas X is not yet optimal, as indicated by high rates of stockouts and expired drugs. Improvements in planning, distribution, and monitoring are required.
ANALISIS SISTEM ANTRIAN PELAYANAN DI BANK JATENG KANTOR UNIVET DENGAN METODE WIN QS Darsini; Mathilda Sri Lestari; Suprapto
INKOFAR Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Politeknik META Industri Cikarang

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Abstract

Queueing problems at service facilities often lead to long waiting times during peak hours. At the Bank Jateng service counter located at Univet, which serves both students and surrounding residents, queue congestion frequently occurs at the beginning of the month and during certain service hours. This study aims to analyze the queueing system at the Bank Jateng Univet Office using a single-channel, single-phase (M/M/1) queueing model. The analysis was conducted using WinQSB software based on primary data collected through direct observation during operational hours and interviews with bank staff. The results show that the average customer arrival rate (λ) was 23 customers per hour, while the service rate (μ) was 26 customers per hour. The average number of customers in the system (Ls) was 11 people, with an average queue length (Lq) of 10 people. The average time spent in the system (Ws) was 0.5 hours. The service facility utilization rate (ρ) reached 88.46%, indicating a high workload level. Although the system operates under stable conditions, service capacity improvements are recommended to reduce waiting times during peak periods.
A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF GPS SATELLITE TIME AND FREQUENCY BASED ON THE SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY Endah Purnomosari; Siska Astari Dewi; Wiwiek Eka Mulyani; Valentinus Galih Vidia Putra; Fadil Abdullah
INKOFAR Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Politeknik META Industri Cikarang

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Abstract

The Global Positioning System (GPS) relies on highly precise atomic clocks in satellites and ground stations to determine global time and position accurately. Relativistic effects, including gravitational fields and satellite orbital motion, induce frequency shifts in these clocks, necessitating corrections for accurate navigation. This study developed a novel approach to integrate general coordinates into GPS, emphasizing implementation simplicity. We investigated the application of special relativity to calculate time and frequency shifts in GPS satellites. Our analysis estimated a daily relativistic correction of approximately 21.6 microseconds, with a positional imprecision of 6.48 km per day if uncorrected. By employing a general time-space coordinate system, we calculated position4 and velocity-4 vectors, accounting for special relativistic effects on GPS time and frequency. The proposed method simplifies relativistic corrections while enhancing their conceptual clarity. Results demonstrate improved precision and efficiency in GPS positioning through the integration of general coordinates with a streamlined approach. This research offers valuable insights for international engineering communities, scholars, and practitioners, advancing the understanding of relativity’s impact on GPS satellite operations.
EVALUASI EFEKTIFITAS PENGUJIAN SISTEM INFORMASI KUBIKASI BARANG DENGAN METODE BLACK BOX DAN WHITE BOX TESTING DI PT XYZ Nita Winda Sari; Santo Wijaya; Nandan Muliawan
INKOFAR Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Politeknik META Industri Cikarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46846/inkofar.v9i1.26

Abstract

PT XYZ, as a partner of PT ABC Technologies, has an important role in the manufacturing and distribution process of electronic products, including the management of logistics warehouses. The previously used goods cubication information system was based on Excel, but faced various obstacles such as data inaccuracy and delays in accessing information. This study uses a quantitative approach with Black Box and White Box testing methods to measure the effectiveness of the developed application. The Equivalence Partitioning technique is also used to simplify the number of test cases without reducing the scope of testing. The test results show that the system functions according to specifications, with no logical errors found. The use of a combination of testing methods has proven effective in identifying system deficiencies. In addition, the survey results show a high level of user satisfaction with the performance and ease of the system. The goods cubication information system developed is able to improve the accuracy and efficiency of warehouse operations. This study contributes to software testing and recommends regular monitoring and implementation of user feedback for future system improvements
Human-Centered Ergonomic Assesment of Concrete Block Production Workers Using OWAS Framework Suci Ayu Lestari; Roja Safitriyawi; Tya Ulfah; Yasintha Wahida Tiana; Pesona Dessritina
INKOFAR Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Politeknik META Industri Cikarang

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Abstract

Background Concrete block MSMEs rely heavily on repetitive manual material handling (MMH), forcing workers into awkward postures that increase the risk of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs). Purpose To evaluate working postures and load limits across four critical production phases and formulate feasible, low-cost ergonomic interventions. Methodology A purposive single-worker case study was conducted using the Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS) to assess biomechanical risks during mixing, transferring, molding, and drying activities. Findings The OWAS assessment classified the critical production phases into Action Categories 3 and 4, indicating significant musculoskeletal risks caused by conventional tools and non-standardized work methods. Practical ergonomic interventions, including mechanical tippers and extended press handles, were proposed to reduce these risks. Implications The findings provide a practical ergonomic improvement strategy for concrete block MSMEs. However, the single-worker design limits generalizability, highlighting the need for future longitudinal studies involving multiple workers. Originality This study bridges the gap between advanced biomechanical risk assessment and affordable field implementation by proposing practical ergonomic solutions for informal-sector concrete block production, thereby establishing a standardized baseline for future localized ergonomic research.
Design of a Meeting Room Air Conditioning System Based on Fuzzy Logic Control Mohammad Harry Khomas Saputra; Ridwan; Nenden Siti Nurkholipah; Siti Hadiaty Yuningsih; Marta Hayu Raras Sita Rukmika Sari; Aan Setiawan
INKOFAR Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Politeknik META Industri Cikarang

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Abstract

Background Conventional room cooling systems generally operate at fixed fan speeds without considering variations in room temperature and occupant density, leading to reduced thermal comfort and inefficient energy consumption Purpose This study aims to design and implement an automatic room cooling system that adjusts fan speed based on room temperature and visitor density using Mamdani fuzzy logic control. Methodology The system integrates a DHT22 sensor to measure room temperature and an ultrasonic sensor to estimate visitor density. Mamdani fuzzy logic was employed to process linguistic variables for temperature ("cold," "normal," and "hot") and visitor density ("sparse," "crowded," and "very crowded") to determine the appropriate fan speed. Findings Experimental results demonstrate that the system successfully adjusts fan speed according to environmental conditions. At 17°C with 6 visitors (sparse), the fan operates at low speed (PWM = 39.6), while at 34°C with 37 visitors (very crowded), it reaches high speed (PWM = 211). Under moderate conditions (22°C with 25 visitors), the fan operates at medium speed (PWM = 125), indicating effective adaptive control. Implications The proposed system improves occupant comfort while promoting energy efficiency through adaptive fan speed control. It can be applied in meeting rooms, seminar halls, conference rooms, and other indoor environments with dynamic occupancy levels. Originality This study presents an adaptive room cooling system that integrates room temperature and visitor density using Mamdani fuzzy logic, providing a practical and energy-efficient solution for intelligent indoor environmental control.
ANALYSIS OF FORECASTING FOR BOTTLED DRINKING WATER IN GALLONS AT PT ABC Muhammad Alif Ihsan; Zara Safira Ramadhani
INKOFAR Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Politeknik META Industri Cikarang

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Abstract

Background Inaccurate production planning can result in excess inventory, material accumulation, and imbalances between incoming and outgoing stock in manufacturing companies. These issues were identified in the production of 19-liter bottled drinking water at PT ABC, highlighting the need for a forecasting method capable of providing more accurate demand estimates Purpose This study aims to determine the most appropriate demand forecasting method for 19-liter bottled drinking water by comparing several quantitative forecasting techniques based on historical demand data. Methodology A quantitative time-series approach was employed using monthly demand data for 19-liter gallons collected throughout 2022. Three forecasting methods—Single Exponential Smoothing, Linear Regression, and Double Exponential Smoothing with Trend—were evaluated. Model performance was assessed using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Tracking Signal analysis to determine forecasting accuracy and model validity Findings The historical demand data exhibited an increasing trend, indicating that Linear Regression was the most suitable forecasting method. Among the evaluated models, Linear Regression produced the lowest forecasting errors, with a MAPE of 0.41%, a MAD of 4,062.611, and an MSE of 26,179,663.49. Based on this model, the projected demand for the following six months was 1,001,833.2; 1,004,232.5; 1,006,631.9; 1,009,031.2; 1,011,430.5; and 1,013,829.9 gallons, respectively. Implications The findings provide a reliable basis for improving production planning, inventory management, and decision-making processes by reducing the risk of overstock and enhancing the efficiency of manufacturing operations. Future studies are recommended to incorporate longer historical datasets and compare conventional forecasting techniques with advanced machine learning or hybrid forecasting models to improve prediction accuracy under dynamic market conditions. Originality This study contributes by systematically comparing multiple quantitative forecasting methods to identify the most appropriate technique for the demand pattern of 19-liter bottled drinking water in a real industrial setting. The proposed approach offers a practical framework for selecting forecasting models based on demand characteristics, thereby supporting more effective production planning in the bottled water industry.
MANUFACTURE OF NATURAL HUMAN-HAIR FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES WITH COMBINED 0°/±45° FIBER ORIENTATION Okta Pianti Rahayu; Antonius Adi Soetopo; Marta Hayu Raras Sita Rukmika Sari
INKOFAR Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Politeknik META Industri Cikarang

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Abstract

Background Human hair is an abundant biodegradable waste material generated worldwide; however, its potential as a reinforcement material in polymer composites remains largely underutilized despite its favorable tensile properties compared with many natural fibers. Existing studies have primarily focused on simple fiber orientations, while the mechanical performance and reliability of human-hair composites with combined fiber orientations have received limited attention Purpose This study aims to evaluate the tensile and flexural properties of a human-hair fiber- reinforced epoxy composite with a combined 0°/±45° symmetric and balanced fiber orientation and to assess the reliability of its mechanical performance using Weibull statistical analysis Methodology Human hair fibers were chemically treated with a 5% NaOH solution for 30 minutes and reinforced with an Epoxy Bakelite EPR-174 matrix at a 50:50 fiber-to-matrix weight ratio using the hand lay-up fabrication method. The composite specimens were cured at room temperature for 12 hours and tested according to ASTM D3039 for tensile properties and ASTM D7264 for flexural properties. A Weibull distribution analysis was performed to evaluate the reliability of the measured mechanical properties. Findings The developed composite exhibited an average tensile strength of 32.24 MPa and an average flexural strength of 63.13 MPa. Based on Weibull analysis, the predicted strengths at 90% reliability were 31.05 MPa for tensile loading and 60.00 MPa for flexural loading. The combined 0°/±45° fiber orientation effectively distributed the applied load across multiple fiber directions, resulting in lower tensile strength than a fully unidirectional 0° laminate while providing a more balanced mechanical response and enhanced structural reliability. Implications The findings demonstrate that human-hair fiber composites have significant potential as sustainable and environmentally friendly reinforcement materials for lightweight composite applications. Future studies should investigate additional fiber orientations, optimize fiber volume fractions, and incorporate density characterization following ASTM D792, together with microstructural analyses, to further improve mechanical performance and validate failure mechanisms. Originality This study is the first to provide a reliability-based mechanical characterization of a human-hair fiber-reinforced Epoxy Bakelite EPR-174 composite with a combined 0°/±45° symmetric and balanced fiber orientation. The integration of experimental mechanical testing and Weibull reliability analysis offers new insights into the structural performance of biodegradable hair fiber composites for engineering applications.  
Dynamic Programming-Based Distribution Route Optimization with WinQSB and Field Validation in a Footwear SME Nadiya Maharani; Fadil Abdullah; Wan Habibi Rahman Barus; Muhammad Alif Ihsan
INKOFAR Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Politeknik META Industri Cikarang

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Abstract

Background Product distribution is a logistics activity that affects the operational efficiency of MSMEs, particularly in the footwear industry in the Cibaduyut area of Bandung. The main problem identified is the lack of standardized distribution routes, resulting in deliveries still being based on drivers’ intuition. This situation leads to inconsistent routes, fuel waste, and inefficient delivery times Purpose This study aims to optimize distribution routes using the Dynamic Programming method, validated with WinQSB, and compared against the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and Dijkstra’s Algorithm. Methodology The methodology employed is an applied quantitative approach using data on distances between distribution points, travel time, fuel consumption, and GPS tracking. Findings The optimization results show a reduction in distribution distance from 35.2 km to 26.8 km and in delivery time from 82 minutes to 61 minutes. Efficiency improvements were 23.86% for distance, 25.61% for time, and 24.26% for fuel costs. Validation using WinQSB and GPS data confirmed that the optimization results align with field conditions. Implications The proposed route optimization provides a practical decision-support tool for MSMEs to improve distribution efficiency, reduce transportation costs, and enhance delivery performance. The findings can assist logistics managers in developing standardized distribution routes and serve as a reference for implementing data-driven distribution planning in small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises. Originality This study contributes by integrating Dynamic Programming with WinQSB validation and GPS-based field verification to optimize distribution routes for footwear MSMEs. Unlike previous studies that primarily relied on theoretical optimization or simulation, this research demonstrates the practical applicability of the proposed approach in a real distribution network while benchmarking its performance against the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and Dijkstra’s Algorithm.
Effect of Spare-Part Replacement and Machine Modification on Yarn Breakage Reduction in Type L Twist For One (TFO) Machine Filly Pravitasari Filly; Feny Nurherawati; Lupi Sugianto; Luciana
INKOFAR Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Politeknik META Industri Cikarang

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Abstract

Background High yarn breakage during the twisting process in Twist For One (TFO) machines significantly reduces production efficiency and increases the proportion of Grade B yarn. Although machine maintenance is routinely performed, limited studies have experimentally evaluated the effectiveness of specific spare-part replacement and machine modification in minimizing yarn breakage and improving yarn quality Purpose This study aims to identify the dominant causes of yarn breakage and evaluate the effectiveness of bearing bolster replacement and pipe tensor modification in reducing yarn breakage and improving yarn quality on the Murata 310 Type L CPU TFO machine. Methodology An experimental approach employing a One Group Pretest–Posttest design was used by comparing machine performance before and after corrective actions. Data were collected through direct observation, interviews, documentation, and spare-part inspections. A Fishbone (Ishikawa) analysis was conducted to identify the root causes of yarn breakage, followed by the implementation of bearing bolster replacement and pipe tensor modification on 17 Murata 310 Type L CPU TFO machines. Findings The Fishbone analysis identified the machine factor as the primary cause of yarn breakage, particularly worn bearing bolsters, improper rotary disk clearance, and an unsuitable pipe tensor configuration that caused unstable yarn ballooning. After implementing the proposed improvements, the percentage of Grade B yarn decreased from 14.7% to 8.9%, representing a 5.8% reduction, while the proportion of Grade A yarn increased accordingly. These results demonstrate that bearing bolster replacement and pipe tensor modification effectively improve yarn winding stability, reduce yarn breakage, and enhance overall product quality. Implications The proposed maintenance strategy provides a practical approach for improving production efficiency and yarn quality in textile manufacturing. Future studies should evaluate the long-term effectiveness of condition-based preventive maintenance, investigate its economic impact, and validate the proposed modifications across different TFO machine models and operating conditions. Originality This study contributes by experimentally validating the combined effect of bearing bolster replacement and pipe tensor modification on the performance of the Murata 310 Type L CPU TFO machine. Unlike previous studies that primarily focused on identifying the causes of yarn breakage, this research demonstrates a practical maintenance intervention capable of significantly reducing yarn breakage and improving yarn quality in an industrial production environment.

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