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INDONESIA
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro untuk mempublikasikan karya ilmiah - karya ilmiah mahasiswa Program S1 Teknik Kimia Undip.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 178 Documents
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PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum) TERHADAP KARAKTERISIK EDIBLE FILM PATI GANYONG (Canna edulis Kerr.) Ratna Paramitha Sari; Septia Tri Wulandari; Dyah Hesti Wardhani
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Canna starch (Canna edulis Kerr.) has a relatively high amylose content about 32.53% hence it could potentially be used as raw material of edible film. The addition of additives such as antimicrobials and antioxidants should improve the quality and ability of edible film to prevent damage to food materials. Garlic (Allium sativum) contains Allicin which is a  strong antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of the addition and the optimal composition of garlic extract edible film characteristics. Independent variables in this study were  the canna starch concentration (3% w / v) and sorbitol concentration ( 2% w / w). The addition of variables of extract  garlic acid of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% (v / v solution). Film  characterizing in thickness, tensile strength and percent elongation ,and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results of this study indicate that the addition of garlic extract affects the physical and mechanical characteristics of the edible film impairment tensile strength, percent elongation and increased thickness of the edible film. The best result observed at edible films with 5% concentration of garlic extract which has a value of 2.03 kgf/cm2 tensile strength, percent elongation of 20.62%, and thickness of 0.04 mm. Whereas the SEM analysis, surface edible films with 0% concentration of garlic extract looks more refined than the edible film with  5% concentration of garlic extract.
MODIFIKASI PATI TALAS DENGAN ASETILASI MENGGUNAKAN ASAM ASETAT Mochamad Adi Saputro; Arizal Kurniawan; Diah Susetyo Retnowati
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

In Indonesia, taro is consumed as a staple food and food additives. Taro contains a high carbohydrates, proteins, fats and vitamins. Goverment continuous to support taro as non food material, yet it has a potential to be developed. Natural starch (native) has several problems associated with retrogradasi, stability, and low resistance paste. It’s became a reason for the starch modify, to get suitable properties for certain applications. Modification can be done by chemically, physically or enzymatically. One of chemically modified starch is acetylation method. One Hundredgrams of starch added to the acetic acid solution and stirred at certain temperature for 30 minutes. The resulting starch is filtered and then dried at 50oC for 24 hours. Filtrate is titrated with 0.5 N NaOH to know remaining acetic acid. Starch which has dried then milled to obtain a fine powder then the swelling power and solubility were analyzed.Temperature had no effect in the acetylation process of taro starch.  The best ratio volume acetic acid-water obtained for food material is 4.5 ml /250 ml at 35oC and the
PEMISAHAN KONJAK GLUKOMANAN MENGGUNAKAN MEMBRAN ULTRAFILTRASI Yusiana Dewi Afriyani; Anisah Nirmala; Nita Aryanti
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Glucomannan is a polysaccharide from hemicelulose variety that consist of the chain bunch of galactose, glucose and mannose. Glucomannan can be produced from porang (Amorphallus konjac) with isolation method using enzyme amylase where carbohydrate structure from the material will be broken to be monomers glucose such as galactose, glucose and mannose. One of the efford for increasing yhe quality and pureness of glucomannan can be used separation method using ultrafiltration membrane. To know the potential of ultrafiltration membrane for purification glucomannan will be done research for separation of glucomannan solution using ultrafiltration membrane. The membrane used in this experiment is Poly ether sulfon with pores 20 kda. This research used feed concentration of 0.5 gr/L and 1.5 gr/L, with operation pressure 1 bar, 2 bar and 3 bar. The characteristic of KGM showed that the KGM having particle size of 81.2 to 186 μm. The membrane permeability is 11.87 L/m2 h bar with porous assimetric type. Flux profile show that the increase of pressure will decrease the membrane flux. In addition, the membrane rejection is higher for pressure 3 bar than 1 bar and 2 bar. However at pressure of 2 and 3 bar membrane rejection decrease with the increase of concentration due to lower permeate mass transfer. Moreover, low permeate flux is caused by fouling and polarization of concentration. We suggest for the next research about fouling affect and polarization of membrane ultrafiltration.
KULTIVASI MIKROALGA Spirulina platensis DALAM MEDIA POME DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI POME DAN KOMPOSISI JUMLAH NUTRIEN Fitria Yuli Anggita Sari; I Made Aditya Suryajaya; H Hadiyanto
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Indonesia and Malaysia are known as the largest countries of palm oil producer in the world. Along the development of palm oil industry in Indonesia, there is more liquid waste from manufacturing process of palm oil which is known as Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). POME has been treated using method of aerobic and anaerobic ponds to reduce COD and BOD contents , whereas POME still contains nutrients such as C,N,P which are useful as a nutrient for the growth of microalgae. In this research,cultivation of Spirulina platensis cultivated in POME media with various concentrations of 20%, 40%, and 60% V . Urea, NaHCO3, and TSP were given each two days as a nutrient. The cultivation process carried out for 7 days with aeration and 24 hours lighting.The result shows that the best cultivation media is POME with a concentration of 20%. The best nutrient composition is the addition of 25 mg/l Urea, TSP 50 mg/l and 200 mg/l NaHCO3. At the same treatment on a variety of media is obtained that the maximum growth rate of Spirulina platensis is μ = 0.128/day. The nutrient savings gained from the use of POME as a cultivation media is: Carbon by 42,23 % - 129,71 % and 41,46% - 124.44%. for Nitrogen. This research also showed that C,N,P contents of POME decrease by 20,60% - 84,69% ; 87,52% - 93,47% and 29,44% - 76,66% respectively.
PENGARUH LARUTAN ALKALI DAN YEAST TERHADAP KADAR ASAM, KAFEIN, DAN LEMAK PADA PROSES PEMBUATAN KOPI FERMENTASI Nurul Hanifah; Desy Kurniawati
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 2, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Low-caffeine coffee currently produced in our country is very widespread, ranging from methods dekafeinasi, fermented animal luwak, wet methodsfermentationt have been developed in several coffee factory in Indonesia. According Pranoto Soenarto, Indonesia is the third largest coffee producer in the world after Brazil and Vietnam. It makes coffee as a commodity Pexport crops that have a relatively high economic value in the world market. The goal in this research is to make coffee with a balanced content, and good for the body. The method developed in this study is fermented with the addition of an alkaline solution method for the continued fermentation with yeast, which methods will be compared to the animal mongoose fermentation method, and wet fermentation methods. The results of the comparison is realized by comparing caffeine, acids, fats, and organoleptic. Methods adding lye and then do the fermentation by yeast is divided into several variables, fermentation by lye and long fermentation time. Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that the presence of these three methods as variables changed significantly decreased the levels of acid, caffeine and fat content compared with standard, and fatty acids for the traditional coffee or regular processing. The low levels of acid fermenta caffeine tion is the method by animal mongoose, and yeast fermentation method and fermentation method followed by a wet, while acidity by fermentation of yeast, the addition of NaOH solution can significantly reduce the high acid, compared with the variable addition of other alkaline solutions. As for the caffeine, the caffeine content is low in the animal mongoose fermentation method, and then fermenting yeast and fermentation followed by damp. For the low fat content is the yeast fermentation method, to be followed by fermentation mongoose and wet fermentation. Meanwhile, by comparing the addition of alkali, NaOH variables are variables which contain acids, fats and caffeine are the lowest compared with the other variables. For variable length of fermentation time, 10 hours of fermentation is a variable length of time of fermentation is best, in a sense are optimal compared to 20 hours and 30 hours of fermentation.
PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK GORENG MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS KOH DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK JAGUNG Ndaru Okvitarini; Makrufah Hidayah I; Hantoro Satriadi; W Widayat
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Antioxidants on biodiesel can use for inhibit the oxidation events during storage or in use. The objective of this research are to study ratio corn ratio ethanol extract to oil and biodiesel and KOH consentration in biodiesel production Reactions were performed for three hours with a catalyst concentration process variables 0:25 to 1:25% and the ratio of cooking oil / corn ethanol extract of between 1:3 to 1:7. Then the separation of biodiesel from glycerol. Further test the properties of biodiesel density, viscosity, acid number, saponification number, peroxide value, iodine number. Results of analysis of 9 samples has characteristic that almost in accordance with SNI. It is proved that antioxidants work reduces the oxidation reaction. The highest conversion of biodiesel production is shown by the use reactants 1:7 is 91,75% and 1:25% catalyst is 91,5%.
PEMBUATAN ASIMETRIK MEMBRAN SELULOSA ASETAT UNTUK PENGOLAHAN AIR : PENGARUH KONSENTRASI ZAT ADITIF TERHADAP KINERJA MEMBRAN Aprian Indra Wibowo; Ganang Dwi Harjanto; Tutuk D. Kusworo
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Membrane is a thin layer, a barrier between two phases that are semipermeable, and serves as a selective separation media. Asymmetric membrane is a membrane that consists of three layers, they are dense layer, intermediate, and porous substructure. With that structure, asymetric membrane produce higher flux than simetric membrane. In the process of membrane manufacture, the concentration of additives that are added is important because it can affect membrane flux and rejection.. The purposes of this research are make an asymmetric membrane using cellulose acetate polymer and determine the effect of different additives concentration toward morphological structure and membrane performance. Membranes prepared by phase inversion method with a variation of the additive concentration of 2,5%, 3,5%, and 5% wt. Membranes composed of 23% CA and evaporation time used is 25 seconds. Membrane was characterized by flux, rejection, and morphological analysis using SEM. Flux and rejection were measured by brackish water as a feed. The results of FTIR analysis showed the larger absorption peaks indicates that the increasing concentrations of PEG addition make the PEG molecular weight and the unit re-CH2-CH2O- greater. The results of SEM analysis showed all the membranes that are formed has an asymmetric structure consisting of a thin fine porous structure selective barrier and sub​​-structure of the porous layer is thicker. With the presence of increasing concentrations of poly ethylene glycol, a membrane pore formed more dense. The composition of membrane showing optimal performance are 23% CA, 5% PEG, and 25 second evaporation time with flux 16,741 L.mˉ².h-1, NTU rejection 89%, TDS rejection 80%, and Ca rejection 83%.
PENGARUH WAKTU DAN JENIS ABSORBEN PADA PROSES ENFLEURASIBUNGA MELATI (Jasminum Sambac) Muliasari Kurniati Muchtar; Fitrika Dwi Hanani; Diyono Ikhsan
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Jasmine oil is an oil produced from the flowers jasmine (Jasmine Sambac). In this study, using the methods enfleurage and vacuum distillation. The purpose of this experiment is taking jasmine oil enfleurasi method, Assessing the impact of type of adsorbent used in the process enfleurasi and Assessing the impact of time on the enfleurasi. Benefits of this experiment was to determine the type of good absorben and optimal time enfleurasi process to obtain a high yield. Jasmine oil is known as one of the allround flavouring agent because it has a distinctive aroma, attractive and widely used in the cosmetic industry for perfumes such as soaps, perfumes. In this study there are two kinds of variables, that is remain variable and changed variable. For remain variables consist of: distillation 0.5 atm pressure, temperature 50oC, and a distillation time of 3 hours. For changed variable include the time of enfleurage 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 day and type of absorbent form of petroleum jelly and beef tallow. Jasmine is obtained from Pemalang, Central Java. The observations made are the the determination, organoleptic testing, refractive index and density of jasmine oil. The results of this study, for the absorbent vaseline the highest yield of 2.07% at 20 days and enfleurasi time for absorbent beef tallowproduce the highest yield of 1.9956% at the time of enfleurasi 20 days. According organoleptic color of jasmine oil is yellow and distinctive smell of jasmine. Density obtained ranged from 0.835 ml / g to 0.915 ml / g. Refractive index obtained from the study ranged between 1.462 to 1.482.
MODIFIKASI TAPIOKA DENGAN KOMBINASI PROSES HIDROLISA ASAM LAKTAT DAN OKSIDASI HIDROGEN PEROKSIDA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN DAYA KEMBANG Devi Marietta Siregar; Desti Permata Sari; Siswo Sumardiono
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Indonesia is one of the largest wheat importer. Wheat is consumed by most of Indonesian. Nowadays, the government is trying to find alternative material to substitute wheat with local material named cassava. Cassava is chosen because it has good potential to be developed in Indonesia. Native starch requires long time in reacting and cooking. Hence, the native starch with high purity can be readily modified by physical, chemical and enzyme process to many diversified products to improve the starch functionality and, consequently, encourage more industrial application. On this research, cassava starch modification is produced by combination lactic acid hydrolysis and oxidation using hydrogen peroxide. The results of this research are expected to be a food innovation in small and medium industries.The conclusion that we get is combination lactic acid hydrolysis and oxidation using hydrogen peroxide can increase the expansion of starch. The highest values for the sum of carbonyl dan carboxyl occured at pH 5, hydrogen peroxide concentration 2 %, temperature 40oC, and baking expansion 3,03 cm3/gr. The condition of oxidation that presented the carbonyl and carboxyl content of starch similar to the sun-dried cassava starch. The oxidation with H2O2 provides after hydrolisis cassava starch and produces more homogenous product. Optimal composition of the use of tapioca starch modification bread is 25% of modified tapioca and 75% of wheat flour which has baking expansion 3,03 cm3/gr.
PAKAN APUNG ARTIFASIAL UNTUK BUDIDAYA IKAN LELE PENGARUH NAIC DAN NUTRISI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN IKAN LELE DENGAN METODE FCR (FEED CONVERSION RATIO) Agung Sri Widiarto; Bambang Agung Purwoko; R.P Djoko Murwono
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 2, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Lele merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan yang memiliki kandungan protein tinggi. Kebutuhan lele yang terus meningkat berbanding lurus dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan pakan lele.  Mahalnya pakan lele mendorong untuk membuat pakan artifasial lele yang efisien dan optimal, dengan komposisi yang sesuai dan kandungan nutrisi yang tepat  agar dihasilkan lele yang berkualitas. Tujuan ditambahkan NOPKOR agar lele dapat tumbuh secara optimal dalam waktu yang cepat dan sedangkan NAIC agar lele kebal terhadap serangan penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan  mengetahui kondisi lele dari segi kesehatan, pertumbuhan, dan konversi pakan yang sesuai untuk mencapai FCR (Feed Component Ratio).

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