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INDONESIA
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro untuk mempublikasikan karya ilmiah - karya ilmiah mahasiswa Program S1 Teknik Kimia Undip.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 178 Documents
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PENINGKATAN KADAR EUGENOL PADA MINYAK ATSIRI CENGKEH DENGAN METODE SAPONIFIKASI-DISTILASI VAKUM Machmud Lutfi H; Wisnu Jati N; Aprilina Purbasari
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 2, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

The purpose of this research is to study the saponification and vacuum distillation process to isolate eugenol from clove essential oils and get the optimum condition from this process.Eugenol is a compound that is used in many industries, such as perfume, flavouring, pesticides and anesthetic. In this era, the clove essential oils are available in market including 70% of eugenol. But the industry needs more than 90% eugenol included. So, we need the efficience process to increase its purity. And the process we use in this research is saponification-vacuum disltilation. The experimental design used in this research is the variation of NaOH normality and the temperature operation of distilllation.The NaOH normalities are from 0,3 to 1,2 N, and the temperature operation of distilllation are 170 o, 195 o, 220o C. The procedure of this research is mixing 70% clove essential oils with NaOH . After the solution has became homogeneous, let it stand into two layers, water and Na-eugenol. Separate the organic layer, and add HCl to the Na-eugenol till the pH down into 3-4. And then separate them. The higher layer that is 80 % eugenol is entered to the distilation tube. Run the distilation process with fixed temperature and vacuum pressure (6x10-2 kPa). After distillation process we got the weightest mass of eugenol at the temperature 220o C that the mass is 33,13 grams and the percentages of the mass is 89,65%.
ISOLASI AMILOSA DAN AMILOPEKTIN DARI PATI KENTANG Ayuk Niken H; Dicky Adepristian Y; S Sumarno
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Isolation method is modification method of substances separation based on differences in solubility for amylose and amylopectin starch with high degree of purity. In general, this study aims to isolate the amylose and amylopectin from potato starch. Specifically, this study aims to determine the effect of pH, methods, and the ratio of volume to the percentage of amylose and amylopectin produced. Amylose is an unbranched polymer which, together with amylopectin starch into constituent components. The products of potato starch is used for concentrating liquid food, adhesive component, a mixture of paper and textiles, and in the cosmetics industry. Starch with amylose content used for the manufacture of biodegradable films and tablets, while amylopectin is used for the manufacture of bread, cakes, and can be used as a diet. The experiments were conducted by mixing potato starch solution, complexing solution into a bekker glass with fixed variable potato starch 40 grams, drying temperature 70°C, while the changed variable are the ratio between the volume of an aqueous suspension of potato starch complexing solution and 2:1, 2:2, 2:3, pH 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, and the method used are salting out and complexing agent. The results showed that the pH of mixed solution is the most influential variable. Optimum conditions obtained by the method of salting out with a pH of 6.5 and the ratio of the volume of an aqueous suspension of starch and complexing solution is 2:3, with the acquisition of 97,97% amylose starch and 98,692% amylopectin starch.
PEMBUATAN UREA PELEPASAN LEPAS LAMBAT MELALUI PELAPISAN DENGAN AMILUM-ACRYLIC Margie Agami Haq; Septiana Triwiningsih; S Suherman
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

The controlled release technology by coating for increasing the efficiency of fertilizer can reduce fertilizer’s losses and minimize environmental pollution. Starch mixed with acrylic acid, PEG and water were used as coating solution. The coating process of granular urea was conducted in fluid bed spray coater. The influence of bed temperature, and concentration of starch on properties of coated urea product was investigated. Microscopic analysis by SEM shows the formation of a thin layer on the surface of coated urea product that has a different morphology, more compact, and any irregularities of the crystal. The dissolution rate of the product decraesed with increasing concentration of starch and decreasing bed temperature. The percent coating of the product increased with increasing concentration of starch and decreasing bed temperature. The dustiness of the product increased with increasing starch concentration and bed temperature.
KARAKTERISASI FISIK PATI GANYONG (Canna edulis Kerr) TERMODIFIKASI SECARA HIDROTERMAL Maila Yesti Kuswandari; Olivia Anastria; Dyah Hesti Wardhani
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Canna starch are a roots which abundant in Indonesia. Canna starch has the potential to be developed because it has many uses, especially potential to be used as a functional food ingredients, for example as sources of carbohydrates that used as intermediate products (such as noodles, vermicelli, biscuit etc). Modification of Canna starch change the functional properties of the starch  to increase the added value as a functional food ingredient.. The aim of this research was to study the effect of temperature and heating time on the physical properties of hydrothermally modified canna starches.Heat treatment modifies heating of starch at elevated temperature(100oC, 110oC) in varying moisture level for certain period (2, 4, 6 hour). The results show that the analysis bulk density(0,6692-0,7528 gr/ml), solid density(0,7588-0,8396 gr/ml) have a higher value than native canna starch. While the analysis of the water content of wet weight(8-14%) in the modified starch have a lower value than native starch.Advantages of heat moisture treatment modification change the functional properties to be better.
APLIKASI METODE FOAM- MAT DRYING PADA PROSES PENGERINGAN SPIRULINA Nurul Asiah; Rangkum Sembodo; Aji Prasetyaningum
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Spirulina is a microalgae fine plant (Cyanobacteria) single celled, blue green colored, spiral typed growed in warmwater around the world. Spirulina have many Phytonutrient (Beta-carotene, Chlorophyl, Xanthophyl, Phyocianin, etc)functioned as anti-carcinogen (Tri Panji & Suharyanto, 2001). Drying process usually use high cost drying tools(freeze dryer, spray dryer, roller dryer, or dehumidifier). Drying with the foam type faster the water evaporationprocess in a low temperature that is not destroyed the cell system, so the nutrition value is save (Kumalaningsih, etc,2005). In general, this research done to compare two drying method, there are: non foam-mat drying method and withfoam-mat drying method that show the optimum drying process condition to get the high quality of spirulina dryingproduct and the high efficiency process too. The result of the research show that the foam-mat drying method give thebetter drying rate compared with non foam-mat drying process. The sample with the foam agent composition (eggwhite) 2,5% and the foam stabilizer (metil celulose) 0,5% give the highest drying rate compare with the others. Thehighest average rate showed the sample with the thickness 1mm, which is 0,632 g H2O steamed per second.. Based onconsideration of product quality and drying process efficiency, drying temperature is relatively good to the applicationof foam-mat drying in spirulina is 60oC. The result of beta-carotene test show that the quality of dry product with foammatdrying method still on the dry product quality standard in the market, that is 149,025 mg/ 100 g. The data obtainedfrom the research be expected become the reference in the equipment design of the spirulina drying process andbecome the solution of cheap, efficient, and effective drying method, without decrease the nutrition value of thematerial.
BIOFILM DARI PATI BIJI NANGKA DENGAN ADDITIF KARAGINAN Bunga Chrismaya; Fransisca Selvy; Diah S. Retnowati
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 2, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) have cotyledons layer which is rich in starch and can be use as biofilm forming material. Biofilm is a film made from renewable material such as starch. Biofilm made from native starch have poor mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break. To overcome it, starch is blending with other material that can improve tensile strength and elongation at break. Kappa carageenan had firm gel structures and could be used to improve tensile strength and elongation at break of starch biofilm. Biofilm was made by casting polymer solution prepared by heating the mixture solution consisting of starch and carrageenan with a certain weight ratio dissolved in water-glycerol solution with a certain weight ratio with heating rate 2,2oC until the temperature reached 95oC. The biofilms that had been casted then dried in oven at 50oC for 20 hours and aged for 7 days at room temperature and relative humidity prior before tensile strength and elongation at break test. The results showed that kappa-carrageenan jackfruit seed starch biofilm has higher tensile strength and elongation at break than biofilm made from native starch. When the weight ratio of glycerol rose, resulted in decreased tensile strength and increase in elongation at break biofilms. The best tensile strength was 0.407 MPa for 50%w/w kappa carrageenan and the weight 10%w/w glycerol. In addition, the best elongation at break was 18,488% at 50% w/w kappa carrageenan and 20% w/w glycerol.
PENGERINGAN BUNGA ROSELLA (HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA) MENGGUNAKAN PENGERING RAK UDARA RESIRKULASI Oki Yuariski; S. Suherman
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa) is one of the plants, including ornamental plants and herbs that are beneficial to prevent cancer, control blood pressure, blood circulation, and launched a bowel movement. Parts of this plant can be processed into useful products is Rosella flower petals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effective temperature and tray dryers which are effective for drying petals Rosella using recirculated tray dryer. These experiments used a temperature of 40, 50, and 600C as well as the location of the variable change tray into 1,2,3,4, 5 as a place to put Rosella flower petals. In this experiment, the drying rate constant (Constant Drying Rate) is not obtained, the obtained rate is falling rate. From the experimental results show that the greater the temperature, the greater the drying rate, so the time for the drying process is also faster. For the variable tray, Rosella flower petals are placed on tray 4 and 5 dry faster than those placed on the tray 1, 2, and 3.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KULIT BIJI NYAMPLUNG UNTUK BAHAN BAKAR BRIKET BIOARANG SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI ALTERNATIF Arif Budiarto; Ganish Eko Mayndra; Didi Dwi Anggoro
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

This research was started by pirolized the  main  matter, nyamplung’s seed peel into char with three kinds of adhesive agent as is sodium silicate, wheat powder, and tapioca starch. The aims of this research are to know the right kind of the adhesive, to know the optimal particle size of the nyamlung seed’s peel ash, to know the optimal of  the adhesive concentration, and to know the optimal condition of the briquette making by using response surface methodology (RSM). This research uses two steps, first is first is certaining the right kind of the adhesive agent and second one is optimization of independent variables as are the concentration of adhesive agent and the char particle size. The result of this research shows that the best kind of adhesive agent which is used to produce a good briquette is tapioca starch. Briquette with 17,66% adhesive agent and 20 mesh particle size results  the highest heating value as is 6772,582 kal/gr  which has fulfilled the  standart of Indonesian and Japanese. Briquette with 6,34 % adhesive agent and 20 mesh particle size results  the worst stabilty and the highest % loss as is 33,56 % while briquette with 16 % adhesive agent and 40 mesh particle size also 17,66 % adhesive agent and 20 mesh particle size results the best stability and the lowest % loss consecutively as is 0,83 % and 1,24 %. Stability test shows that briquette product is stable in diameter and height all the time. From this research’s results, it is wished to take a further research that study about the other independent variables to produce the better nyamplung’s seed peel briquette so it can give a contribution for inventing alternative enviromental agreeable fuel.
DEPOLIMERISASI KITOSAN DENGAN HIDROLISA ENZIMATIK MENGGUNAKAN ENZIM α-AMILASE Hanik Handayani P.L.; Paramarta Siwi R.; Nur Rokhati
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Chitosan is a polymer derivative of chitin that has many benefits in food and medical. Since chitosan has a large molecular weight, it has constraints to its application. To overcome the disadvantage, it needs hydrolysis of chitosan in order to obtained a lower molecular weight. In this research the hydrolysis of chitosan will  be operated by enzymatic process uses thermophilic enzyme α-amylase. The experiment begins by making a chitosan solution 1% w/v in an acetic acid solution 1% v/v. The chitosan solution is hydrolyzed using the enzyme α-amylase with varied pH, operating temperature, time, and ratio of the enzyme:substrate to obtain the optimum. The response comprehends Dextrose Equivalent (DE), viscosity, and the average of molecular weight. The results showed that the optimum operating conditions for chitosan hydrolysis using α-amylase enzyme is at pH 5, temperature 90 °C, 2 hours operating time, and ratio of enzyme:substrate 1:2500 (0,1 ml). For variable pH, temperature, time, and enzyme addition, DE rises meanwhile variables are increased, then it dropped significantly after the optimum level. The hydrolysis can reduce molecular weight of chitosan from 1680-1750 kDa to 144,18 kDa thus it is included to MMWCs.
PEMANFAATAN TEPUNG GLUKOMANNAN DARI UMBI ILES-ILES (AMORPHOPHALLUS ONCOPHYLLUS) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN EDIBLE FILM Bayu Aji Raharjo; Ni Wayan Santi Dewi; Kristinah Haryani
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Salah satu upaya peningkatan nilai jual iles-iles adalah dengan memanfaatkannya menjadi bahan pengemas makanan ramah lingkungan. Selain dapat meningkatkan nilai jual iles-iles, keberadaan bahan pengemas ramah lingkungan dapat mengurangi penggunaan bahan plastik sebagai pengemas non-degradable. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat film yang bersifat edible dan mendapatkan data karakteristik guna memperoleh model hubungan komposisi tepung iles-iles, jenis plasticizer, dan komposisi plasticizer terhadap karakterisasi fisik dan mekanik edible film. Iles-iles mengandung glukomannan yang cukup tinggi sehingga bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pembuat film yang potensial. Dengan penambahan plasticizer, film yang dihasilkan memiliki karakteristik yang lebih baik. Jenis dan komposisi plasticizer untuk menghasilkan film yang memiliki karakteristik fisik dan mekanik terbaik akan diuji. Penelitian dilakukan dengan variasi komposisi tepung glukomannan (2 gr, 3 gr, dan 4 gr), jenis plasticizer (sorbitol dan gliserol), dan komposisi plasticizer (1 ml, 2 ml, dan 3 ml). Karakteristik film yang diuji adalah modulus young, kuat tarik, dan pemanjangan maksimum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perolehan nilai modulus young, kuat tarik, serta pemanjangan maksimum tertinggi terdapat pada konsentrasi tepung glukomannan 4 gram plasticizer sorbitol 3 ml. Pembahasan dilakukan untuk mengkaji pengaruh variabel terkait terhadap hasil penelitian yang diperoleh.

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