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INDONESIA
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro untuk mempublikasikan karya ilmiah - karya ilmiah mahasiswa Program S1 Teknik Kimia Undip.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 178 Documents
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REAKSI METANOLISIS LIMBAH MINYAK IKAN MENJADI METIL ESTER SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR BIODIESEL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS NaOH Dewi Fatmawati; Putri Diliyan Shakti; Luqman Buchori
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 2, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Biodiesel merupakan bahan bakar alternatif yang produksinya dapat diperbaharui. Biodisel diperoleh dari minyak tumbuhan, lemak binatang atau minyak bekas melalui esterifikasi dengan alkohol. Biodiesel dapat digunakan tanpa modifikasi ulang mesin diesel. Minyak ikan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai biodiesel karena mengandung asam lemak bebas. Peningkatan asam lemak bebas secara cepat terjadi karena adanya enzim lipase aktif pada saat proses pembuatan minyak ikan menjadi biodsel sehingga dapat dikonversi menjadi metil ester dengan proses esterifikasi. Esterifikasi adalah reaksi asam lemak bebas dengan alkohol membentuk ester dan air. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan biodiesel dari limbah ikan dengan pengolahan limbah secara fisik, kimiawi, dan biologis, menentukan waktu reaksi optimum esterifikasi, serta menentukan banyaknya soda kaustik (NaOH) yang dibutuhkan agar didapatkan pemisahan antara gliserin dan metil ester yang optimum. Variabel tetap yang digunakan terdiri dari : berat minyak ikan 50 ml, waktu pemasakan 120 menit, perbandingan kadar minyak: metanol (1:6), % berat katalis, sedangkan variabel berubahnya terdiri dari : NaOH , dan waktu esterifikasi, variasi NaOH yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah  3,5gr, 4,5gr, 5,5gr , dan  6,5gr dan variasi untuk waktu esterifikasinya adalah  30, 45, 60, dan 75 menit. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada waktu 75 menit,  perbandingan minyak :methanol = 1:6 dan dengan penambahan NaOH 3,5 gram memberikan konversi maksimal yaitu 80,59%.
POTENSI MEMBRAN MIKROFILTRASI DAN ULTRAFILTRASI UNTUK PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR BERMINYAK Maria Widyasmara; Cindika Kusuma Dewi; Nita Aryanti
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 2, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Oily wastewater in the form of stable oil in water emulsion is found as one source of industrialwastewater in Indonesia. Conventional wastewater treatment has several limitations and is not able to achieverequirement for effluent standard. Nowadays, membrane microfiltration and ultrafiltration have been used forwater purification as well as wastewater treatment. Studies on the application of microfiltration andultrafiltration for wastewater have been conducted. However, the studies used real wastewater consistingcomplex compound. In this research a model of oily wastewater was used. The model of oily wastewatercomprised an oil in water emulsion stabilized with a surfactant. By using this model, it is expected that analysisof membrane performance based on permeate flux and rejection can be conducted more comprehensively. Thisresearch used microfiltration and ultrafiltration membrane and the oily wastewater model was made by mixingTween 80 with concentration of 2% with several types oil (vegetable oil, diesel oil dan cutting oil). The researchis carried out in order to obtain wastewater and membrane characteristic as well as the influence of TMP, oilytypes and oil concentration on membrane performance based on permeate flux, COD and surfactantrejection.Based on this research characteristics of oily wastewater could be obtained. In general, increase ofTMP resulted on higher permeate flux. By varying the oily type, it was found that the vegetable oil has thehighest permeate flux, the effect of oil concentration on permeate flux in addition was depend on TMP. When theTMP was 1 bar, the increase of oil concentration produced lower flux. However at TMP of 2 bar, the permeateflux is independent on oil concentration. Experimental works using ultrafiltration resulted on 94,89 – 98,83%rejection of COD and 69 – 86% rejection of surfactant. Based on this research it is concluded that theultrafiltration is capable to treat oily wastewater in the form of stable oil in water emulsion.
PEMISAHAN FAT, OIL, AND GREASE (FOG) DARI LIMBAH FOODCOURT DENGAN DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION Bayu Satria Utama; Maria E. Simorangkir; I Nyoman Widiasa
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Oil waste water is the source of pollution that is often found in everyday life. Oil as a pollutant that is contained in the water must be separated so that oil can be utilized, and its existence as a pollutant can be removed. In this research study will be conducted to find the most suitable parameters of the pressure to separate the fat, oil, and grease from waste water foodcourt with Dissolved flotation. The variables used in the separation pressure is 4.5; 5; 5.5; and 6 bar. Separation results obtained will be analyzed by using analysis of total suspended solids. Data analysis results obtained are total suspended solids in the feed of 40,000 mg / L, after the water is separated using flotation Dissolved respectively obtained at a pressure of 4.5 bar total suspended solids of 3000 mg / L, at a pressure of 5 bar can get the total solids suspension of 2500 mg / L, at a pressure of 5.5 bar total suspended solids obtained at 1500 mg / L, and at a pressure of 6 bar obtained total suspended solids of 500 mg / L.
PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI LIMBAH KEJU (WHEY) MELALUI PROSES FERMENTASI FED-BATCH DENGAN Kluyveromyces marxianus Desiyantri Siti P.; Apsari Puspita A.; Dessy Ariyanti; H Hadiyanto
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Development of bioethanol production as a renewable energy must be supported with research about finding sources of raw materials that can be converted to bioethanol product. Cheese whey is one of these raw materials. The aim of this study is to compare batch and fed-batch operation in fermentation of whey, and to determine the effect of temperature for fed-batch operation in bioethanol process. Cheese whey is by-product of the dairy industry, which contain of 4-5% lactose. Kluyveromyces marxianus is one of microorganism used to as stater during ethanol fermentation with whey as a medium. The result showed that ethanol fermentation from whey using Kluyveromyces marxianus in fed-batch system with initial pH 4,5 and temperature operation of30oC give better result than batch system. Growth rate and biomass productivity in fed-batch system are 0,186/h and 6,47 gr/Lh respectively, while for batch are 0,13/h and 4,74 gr/L h, respectively concentration and yield ofethanol for fed-batch are 7,9626 gr/L and 0,21 gr ethanol/gr substrate, for batch system are 4,6362 gr/L and0,12 gr ethanol/gr substrate. Fermentation under temperature of 30oC showed optimum growth rate and concentration of biomass which is 0,186/h and 13,4 gr/L. Maximum ethanol concentration  was achieved at7,9626 gr/L
PEMBUATAN KECAP DARI IKAN GABUS SECARA HIDROLISIS ENZIMATIS MENGUNAKAN SARI NANAS Maulana Nur Prasetyo; Nirmala Sari; Sri Budiyati
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

One of the effort to increase added value in fish with low economic value and increase the shelf life of fish nutrition is to produce a fish sauce. For that purpose, it has been studied the process of making fish sauce from snakehead fish meat  (Ophiocephalus striatus or Channa striata) by using enzymatic hydrolysis. In this study, the hydrolysis process is done by adding pineapple juice which containing bromelain enzymes into chopped snakehead fish meat with the concentration of 6, 8, and 10% (w / w). The addition of salt (NaCl) as a preservative to the mixture of cork fish and pineapple juice as much as 3%, 5%, and 7% (w / w). Enzymatic hydrolysis process carried out for 1, 2, and 3 days old and anaerobic incubation in room temperature. Analysis was performed on the fish sauce products that include protein concentration levels in products and analysis of the number of microbes on the product. The results showed that the optimum fish sauce can be produced from snakehead fish with pineapple juice which contains bromelain enzymes as much as 10% at 3 days hydrolysis time and the addition of 5% NaCl. The number of microbes is seen at least on the product with the addition of 7% NaCl, 1 day of hydrolysis and 6% pineapple juice (4 x 102).
POTENSI AIR DADIH (WHEY) TAHU SEBAGAI NUTRIEN DALAM KULTIVASI Chlorella sp. UNTUK BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN BIODISEL Dhika Joko Arinto; Hayu Pradipta Paramastri; Danny Soetrisnanto
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

An increase of population growth and energy demand has lead to a foster fuel consumption, therefore an alternative fuel is necessarily needed for a solution to solve the problem. Currently, one of the most popular solution offered is biodiesel. The development of biodiesel as renewable energy is done by using microalgae such as Chlorella sp. with 28-32% lipid content as its raw material. The objective of this research is to find out the effect of various concentration, biomass based on growth time, and lipid content based on growth time result by comparing it to the addition of synthetic nutrients and whey (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% Total Volume). The optimal growth on cultivation of Chlorella sp. with the addition of synthetic nutrients occurs in day 9 with 0,487 Optical Density (OD), 2,0818 grams/litre of dry biomass, and 0,493 grams/liter of lipid. While for Chlorella sp. cultivation with the addition of tofu waste water (whey) has its optimum condition for Optical Dansity occurs in day 9 of 20%V whey addition which is 0,486. Also observed in day 9, the optimum condition for dry biomass and lipid of 25%V whey addition is 4,2125 grams/litre and 1,081 grams/litre. Chlorella sp. cultivation using 25%V whey addition produced better result comparing to cultivation by using synthetic nutrient.The maximum COD reduction occurs in 15%V whey addition with 77,01% reduction efficiency, while on the other hand, with the addition of whey in its optimum variable (25%V) resulting a decrease of efficiency by 64,28%. Based on tofu industrial center located in Jomblang, with 7 quintals per day of soybean as raw material, it can produce lipid for biodiesel feedstock amounted up to 0,188 kg per day.
PENGARUH WAKTUPADA PENYULINGAN MINYAK ADAS (Fennel Oil) DARI BIJI DAN DAUN ADAS DENGAN METODE UAP DAN AIR Adi Hendra Prakosa; Inda Dewi Pamungkas; Diyono Ikhsan
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 2, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Fennel oil is an oil produced from the fennel plant (Foeniculum vulgare) through a process of distillation. In this study, using the method of steam and waterdistillation which vapor source was distilled in a kettle. The purpose of the distillation  process is to obtain essential oils from aromatic plants which has contains oil that are difficult to extraction in normal conditions. The benefits of this process is to obtain fennel oil and by-products such as the distillation residue can be dried as fodder ransom. Fennel oil is known as one of the allround flavouring agent because it has a distinctive aroma, attractive and widely used in the cosmetic industry for perfumes such as soaps, perfumes, detergents and others.In this study there are two kinds of variables, ie variables and variables remain unchanged. For fixed variables consist of: a pressure of 1 atm and a temperature of 100oC, while changing variables include: distillation time and type of material. In the research,the process of disstilation the was conducted for 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours for each type of material that is part of the seeds and leaves. Raw materials obtained from the Bandungan, Ungaran, Central Java. The observations made is the determination of the yield, organoleptic testing, refractive index and anetol levels of fennel oil produced.Our results, for the seeds produces the highest yield of 0.607% on refining for 4 hours and leaves to produce the highest yield of 0.27% on refining sub 4 hours. According organoleptic yellow anise oil and fennel characteristic odor. Refractive index obtained from the studies ranged from 1.5200 to 1.5330.Levels anetol analysis using GC, the seeds obtained at 54.4873% and in the leaves only 10.9032%.
PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN JUMLAH STARTER TERHADAP PROSES FERMENTASI WINE APEL MENGGUNAKAN NOPKOR MZ-11 Rini Kusumawati; Muhammad Adi Irawan; Aprilina Purbasari
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 2, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Based on Department of Agriculture and Forestry Batu, Malang, in the 2010, the number of apple productions are 2,574,852 trees with productivity reaching 17 kg / tree. From all of trees only 60-70% of apples that can be harvested and sold in the market. The apple that doesn’t sell in the market, named reject apple. Until now, this apple could not be fully utilized. NOPKOR MZ 11 is multicultural is the main constituent microbes with S. Cerevicea Bolognesis that can convert sugar to alcohol, such as others S. Cerevicea. The advantages of this NOPKOR is its durability very high so it does not die easily. The main objective from this research is to determine the effect of the starter substrate ratio the growth of biomass and the resulting alcohol. The method which used are starter that added and the time of fermentation. And then from the data of refractive index result the phenomena of fermentation process. From the refractive index and using a standard curve, the data is converted. So that the refractive index is known and the amount of biomass levels of alcohol contained in the wine. Based on the research results, alcohol and optimal growth obtained in the ratio of 10% starter volume, it can able because a balanced amount of nutrients obtained by microbes thus more optimal growth and the amount of alcohol that produced is also higher. The longer of fermentation time, the amount of alcohol obtained and the number of microbes continued to increase, until the end of fermentation the increase was not too rapidly and tends to approach a constant, this is because the microbes have entered the stationary phase so that growth is not as fast as the previous phase.
PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI ELEKTROPLATING DENGAN ELEKTROKOAGULASI MENGGUNAKAN ELEKTRODA Fe Jessica Dima F.M.; Maulida Zakia; R Ratnawati
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Electroplating industry is one of industry that still growing in Indonesia. The wastewater generated from this industry is dangerous because it contained  dissolved metals such as chromium, nickle, cadmium, copper, etc. Currently,  there are some wastewater treatment method such as presipitation, microorganism, ultrafiltration, and reverse osmosis. However those method has disadvantage like secondary wastewater, high cost, and applied on industry scale is hard. The more effective method is electrocoagulation. In this research potassium dichromate solution is used as sintetic wastewater and tested on electroplating wastewater. Electrocoagulation method will be investigated by studying the effect of time, initial concentration and current density to the TDS of final solution. In the electroplating wastewater tested the effect of time and current density to the TDS of final wastewater. Iron Fe ST 37-2 are used as electrodes. From this research obtained that on the low initial concentration of potassium dichromate will give higher removal TDS (77,78%) than on the higher initial concentration (41,18%). This is because at the same time frame the number of Fe2+ produced not enough to reduce all Cr6+ in solution with high concentrations. In the high current density gave higher removal TDS (65,95%) than low current density (34,48%). The higher current density indicates the more Fe2+ produced to reduce Cr6+ to Cr3+ that will form Cr(OH)3 so it can deposited easily. Electrocoagulation method can be applied to wastewater  because it can lower the TDS of electroplating wastewater by using a variation of current density.
PENGAMBILAN OLEORESIN DARI LIMBAH AMPAS JAHE INDUSTRI JAMU (PT. SIDO MUNCUL) DENGAN METODE EKSTRAKSI Alyssa Nahla Amir; Puspita Firsty Lestari; Indro Sumantri
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Utilization of ginger pulp waste from herbal medicine industry in Indonesia currently used for making fertilizer and fuel, whereas the ginger pulp still contain high oleoresin. It is expected that the results of this study may utilize the ginger dregs of herbal medicine industry to be oleoresin products, suggest the appropriate extraction techniques, affecting operation variables and the optimum conditions for batch extraction of ginger oleoresins. This research used extraction method with various solvents in batch. Fixed variable used in this study is the weight of ginger 50 gr, volume of solvents 300 mL, extraction time 5.5 hour and stirring speed of 450 rpm. While the change variable is extraction temperature 30oC, 40oC, 50 oC and 60 oC and types of solvent (ethanol, n-Hexane and acetone). As the result from the research that the type of solvent and temperature variations affect oleoresin extracted. The optimum extraction conditions to produce a high yield of ginger oleoresin and good quality obtained in the combined treatment of ethanol solvent type, time of 5.5 hours and a temperature of 40oC with oleoresin concentration of 12.2%, 0.955 density (g/ ml) and a refractive index of 1.370.

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