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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Articles 6,269 Documents
CO2 fluxes from drained tropical peatland used for oil palm plantation in relation to peat characteristics and crop age after planting EVI GUSMAYANTI; GUSTI Z ANSHARI; MUHAMMAD PRAMULYA; AGUS RULIYANSYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 6 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200622

Abstract

Large expansion of oil palm plantation on peatland has changed its important role for carbon sink into a carbon source.  Conversion of peat swamp forest with high carbon density into a monoculture of oil palm has released the significant amount of carbon into atmosphere either carbon previously stored in forest biomass or carbon stored in peat organic matter.  Drainage canal to artificially lower groundwater level as a prerequisite of oil palm cultivation provides the favorable condition for soil microbes activities in decomposing peat organic matter resulted in CO2 flux increase.  The fluctuation of groundwater level and variation of environmental factors near the peat surface may regulate the rate of CO2 released from the soil.  We aimed to measure CO2 fluxes from two sites of oil palm plantation with different peat characteristics and analyzed the correlation with groundwater level, soil temperature, air temperature,  gravimetric water content, peat pH, oxidative reductive potential, and crop age.  The measurement has been conducted from September 2016 to April 2017 in West Kalimantan, Indonesia by using portable infrared gas analyzer EGM 4.  In addition to soil sampling at the same time as the gas measurement, we collected soil samples for some peat characteristics analysis consist of bulk density, particle density, porosity, soil organic matter, ash content, carbon, and nitrogen content prior to CO2 flux measurement.  Our result shows that the difference of peat chemical characteristics between two sites has resulted in different CO2 flux.  Oil palm ages seemed to affect CO2 flux by regulating microclimatic condition around crop canopy.  Another finding is the insignificant relationship between CO2 fluxes and groundwater level unless the groundwater level reached more than 50 cm from the peat surface.  It implies that maintaining groundwater level-up to 50 cm resulting in similar CO2 flux.
Economic valuation of Lansa Mangrove Forest, North Sulawesi, Indonesia CALVYN FA SONDAK; ERLY Y KALIGIS; ROBERT A BARA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 4 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200407

Abstract

Abstract. Sondak CFA, Kaligis EY, Bara RA. 2019. Economic valuation of Lansa Mangrove Forest, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 978-986. Mangrove forest gives many benefits and services to human and environment. Even though it contributes many benefits and services, coastal ecosystems threatened as one of the most critical ecosystems in the world. The study aims to estimate the economic value of ecosystem services provided by Lansa mangrove forest, Wori Sub-district, North Minahasa District, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Here, we describe the use value (direct and indirect value) and non-use value (option and existence value), and emphasize the components of ecosystem services fish resources, firewood, coastal protection, biodiversity, carbon (C) removal and mangrove sustainability because these directly influence human welfare. Their market price calculated fish and C removal value. Coastal barrier and firewood were approached using the replacement cost method. Biodiversity value was calculated using Indonesia mangrove forest biodiversity value. Contingent Valuation method was used to find out people willing to pay for the sustainability of mangrove forest. Lansa mangrove forest total economic value (TEV) was IDR 4,431,197,603 or equal to US$ 305,600 (US$ 1,959 ha-1). The success of this mangrove valuation has potentially large implications for future policy-making of its’ ecosystem service values.    
Morphological and phytochemical characterization of susceptible and resistant sengon (Falcataria moluccana) tree to gall rust disease DEWI RAHMAWATI; NURUL KHUMAIDA; ULFAH J SIREGAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 3 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200340

Abstract

Abstract. Rahmawati D, Khumaida N, Siregar UJ. 2019. Morphological and phytochemical characterization of susceptible and resistant sengon (Falcataria moluccana) tree to gall rust disease. Biodiversitas 20: 907-913. Gall rust disease has severely attacked sengon tree (Falcataria moluccana Miq. Barneby & J.W. Grimes)) and it rapidly spread in tree plantations causing the decrease of wood productivity. Although sengon is widely cultivated in several areas in Indonesia, there are limited studies on secondary metabolite composition of its wood. This research was aimed to study differences on morphology, wood anatomy and secondary metabolites content of resistant and susceptible sengon tree trunk to gall rust disease. Both resistant and susceptible tree samples to gall rust were selected from the same plantation plots to minimize environmental effects. Structure of wood samples was observed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) JSM-5310LV. Seven types of secondary metabolites, i.e., alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolic hydroquinones, tannins, triterpenoids, and steroids were qualitatively analyzed from powdered wood samples. Based on field observations, the gall rust fungi changed the color, texture, pores of the tree surface and decreased wood density. In microscopic observations, sengon trunk, which is resistant to gall rust disease, showed organized and regularly structured wood anatomy and did not show hyphae of the infecting fungi inside the wood. The fungi damaged susceptible sengon trunk as indicated by the dispersed and irregular structure of wood tissue, while the presence of fungal hyphae among wood cells was detected. Phytochemical analyses indicated that trunk of sengon containing flavonoids, saponins, phenolic hydroquinones, tannins, triterpenoids, and steroids, except alkaloids. Sengon trunk, which is resistant to gall rust disease, had stronger reactions of flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, and steroids compared to that susceptible one.
Phenolic and flavonoid content in ethanol extract and agro-morphological diversity of Curcuma aeruginosa accessions growing in West Java, Indonesia NURUL KHUMAIDA; MUHAMAD SYUKUR; MARIA BINTANG; WARAS NURCHOLIS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 3 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200306

Abstract

Abstract. Khumaida N, Syukur M, Bintang M, Nurcholis W. 2019. Phenolic and flavonoid content in ethanol extract and agro-morphological diversity of Curcuma aeruginosa accessions growing in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 656-663. Curcuma aeruginosa is a rhizomatous medicinal plant with beneficial pharmacological activities. The aim of this work was to analyze the agro-morphological, extract yield, and phenolic content of ten C. aeruginosa accessions which were collected from different locations in Indonesia. Cultivation was carried out in the open field in West Java of Indonesia using a completely randomized design. Qualitative and quantitative parameters were used to investigate agro-morphological traits. Total phenolic and total flavonoids contents were determined in ethanol extracts of samples. The plants were phenotypically diverse, in which there were significant variations among the ten C. aeruginosa accessions in number of leaves, plant height, number of shoots, fresh weight of rhizome, and dry weight of rhizome characters. Variability in the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents ranged from 29.08-46.92 mg GAE/g, and 21.31-33.81 mg QE/g, respectively. Six accessions had high phenolic content and extract yield. Therefore, these accessions could be utilized for commercial scale and also showed a high potency for medicinal plant breeding programs.
Detection and identification of Begomovirus infecting Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae in Yogyakarta, Indonesia APRILIA SUFI SUBIASTUTI; SEDYO HARTONO; BUDI SETIADI DARYONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 3 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200318

Abstract

Abstract. Subiastuti AS, Hartono S, Daryono BS. 2019. Detection and Identification of Begomovirus infecting Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 738-744. Begomovirus genome has high plasticity that led to evolve rapidly. Begomovirus is one of a remarkably successful group of emerging viruses as the results from combination of many factors. Planting systems in Indonesia which often overlapping two or more plant species in one land has high possibility for occurring mixed infection. It is also suggested has high contribution to increase Begomovirus diversity. The aim of this research is to do preliminary identification of Begomovirus infected-Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae in Yogyakarta based core coat protein (CP) gene sequence. A total of 50 melon, 50 chili, 30 eggplants, and 30 watermelon samples which showed Begomovirus symptoms were observed from several fields in Yogyakarta and Purworejo, Indonesia during 2016. Almost 90% of infected samples for each plant were tested by PCR and showed positive for Begomovirus. Based on coat protein (CP) gene nucleotide sequence identity, Begomovirus infected Solanaceae in Indonesia has close relationship with Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PepYLCIV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl Kanchanaburi virus (TYLCVKaV), while in Cucurbitaceae has close relationship with Squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCV) Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV). All collected isolates showed highest sequence identity with isolates from South-East Asia and China. However, further analysis that including full genome characterization is still needed to explain Begomovirus evolution in Indonesia.
Medicinal plants used by the Batak Toba Tribe in Peadundung Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia MARINA SILALAHI; NISYAWATI NISYAWATI; DINGSE PANDIANGAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 2 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200230

Abstract

Abstract. Silalahi M, Nisyawati, Pandiangan D. 2019. Medicinal plants used by the Batak Toba Tribe in Peadundung Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 510-525. Research of the medicinal plants by the Toba Batak ethnic has limited, even though the globalization and modernization resulted to degradation of the local knowledge. The objectives of this study were (i) documentation of medicinal plants used in the traditional therapies by the Batak Toba tribe of Peadundung Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia, and (ii) analysing the data by quantitative ethnobotanical tools such as use value (UV), cultural significance index (CSI), relative frequency of citation (RCF) and informant consensus factor (ICF) to determine the cultural importance of medicinal plants in order to develop a tool for their conservation. Semi-structured interviews with 41 identified respondents was the methodology employed for qualitative data collection. A total of 149 medicinal species of plants, belonging to 131 genera and 55 families, were recorded in the study which are used in the treatment of 21 categories of ailments. Plants with the highest UV were Eurycoma longifolia (UV=3.44), Curcuma longa (UV=2.67) and Zingiber officinale (UV=2.60). Eight species, namely Curcuma longa, Eurycoma longifolia, Allium cepa, Psidium guajava, Aleurites moluccanus, Piper betle, Citrus hystrix and Uncaria gambir were found to be having the highest RCF value of 1.00. Eurycoma longifolia (CSI=126), Curcuma longa (CSI=112) and Zingiber officinale (CSI = 105) emerged as the culturally most significant medicinal plants. Thrush and aphrodisiac use categories received the highest ICF of 1.00 each because the informants agreed of using only a single species for each of these categories. Eurycoma longifolia was used as an aphrodisiac whereas Averrhoa carambola was used against thrush. All these important and significant plants suffer the greatest harvesting pressure, hence their conservation should be given priority.
Short Communication: Identification of Mildew Locus O (MLO) genes in Durio zibethinus genome corresponding with the Powdery Mildew disease RAHMAT AZHARI KEMAL; ERIC BERNARDUS L. SANDJAJA; AUDI PUTRA SANTOSA; JEREMIAS IVAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 6 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190628

Abstract

Kemal RA, Sandjaja EBL, Santosa AP, Ivan J. 2018. Short Communication: Identification of Mildew Locus O (MLO) genes in Durio zibethinus genome corresponding with the Powdery Mildew disease. Biodiversitas 19: 2204-2212. Mildew Locus O (MLO) is a protein consisting of seven transmembrane domains and appears in the various type of plants. MLO proteins are classified into seven clades. It is known that specific clades have different roles in a plant. MLOs from Clades IV and V have been linked to plant's susceptibility to Powdery Mildew (PM) disease. This study aimed to provide an overview of MLO genes present in durian (Durio zibethinus) genome. Bioinformatic analyses were conducted to analyze the phylogeny and structure of MLO genes and proteins in durian. The result showed that there were 20 putative DzMLO genes in durian, encoding 39 putative DzMLO proteins. Durian MLOs belong to Clade I-VI with one protein belongs to Clade IV and five proteins belong to Clade V. Those six MLO proteins shared a common motif in C-terminal and second intracellular domains. Putative alternative splicing and differential expressions were observed among Clade V DzMLO genes. These findings will facilitate the functional characterization of MLO genes and proteins in durian. Functional studies, especially on C-terminal and second intracellular domains, need to be conducted to elucidate the role of MLO in PM susceptibility in durian.
Diversity wild banana species (Musa spp.) in Sulawesi, Indonesia HASTUTI HASTUTI; PURNOMO PURNOMO; I SUMARDI; BUDI S DARYONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 3 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200328

Abstract

Abstract. Hastuti, Purnomo, Sumardi I, Daryono BS. 2019. Diversity wild banana species (Musa spp.) in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 824-832. Indonesia is known as one of the centers of banana diversity in the world. There are 70 species of wild banana in the genus of Musa, 12 of them it was found in Indonesia. Sulawesi was located in the Wallace Line, which is a meeting between the Sunda and Sahul exposures, and has many endemic species, some of which are wild banana species. However, studies on wild banana in Sulawesi are still limited. This study focuses on species of wild bananas found in Sulawesi. Purposive sampling was used to select banana example from wild, cultivated area, residential areas and research garden. Observation was carried out in the field as well as using a collection herbarium and living specimens. The observation was done by observing the characteristics of the sample according to the guidance on Descriptor for Banana. Identification was done by matching the sample with herbarium and relevant references. The results showed that there were four species of wild bananas found on the island of Sulawesi. These are Musa balbisiana Colla, Musa acuminata Colla var. zebrina (v.Houtte) Nasution, Musa acuminata Colla var. banksii (F.Muell.) N.W Simmonds, Musa acuminata Colla var. lutraensis, Musa acuminata Colla var. sigiensis, Musa acuminata Colla ssp. microcarpa Becc., Musa borneensis Becc. and Musa textilis Nee. Four wild banana accessions had never been reported before. These were Musa acuminata var. zebrina, Musa acuminata var. lutraensis, Musa acuminata var. siginenesis and Musa borneensis.
Short Communication: Trees species diversity and indicator species in Bedugul forest ecosystem, Bali, Indonesia SUTOMO SUTOMO; I DEWA PUTU DARMA; ARIEF PRIYADI; RAJIF IRYADI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 6 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190629

Abstract

Sutomo, Darma IDP, Priyadi A, Iryadi R. 2018. Trees species diversity and indicator species in Bedugul forest ecosystem, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2213-2218. Bedugul area is an endorheic basin landscape with 3 lakes namely, Beratan, Buyan, Tamblingan, which is surrounded by Bukit Mangu, Tapak and Lesung. Topography of the area shows sloping to steep slopes with altitude on the lake surface ± 1,100 m asl and the highest peak of Bukit Mangu 2002 m asl. Ecological studies have not been optimal so identification of comprehensive ecological potential is carried out. Measurement of tree vegetation diversity was carried out by Centered Quarter Method and important value ratio analysis and location elevation class. The results of the inventory of tree species diversity in the Bedugul Bali forest area recorded 35 species and 13 indicator tree species. From the number of indicator tree species in the Mangu hill forest area there are 5 types of Ficus sp, Platea latifolia, Polyosma integrifolia, Lindera sp. and Syzygium sp., Bukit Tapak forest area consists of 4 species, Casuarina junghuhniana,  Acronychia trifoliate,  Astronia spectabilis and Homalanthus giganteus, the forest area of ??Bukit Lesung consists of 4 types of Lophopetalum javanicum, Syzygium racemosum, Dysoxylum nutans and Dendrocnide peltata.
Molecular identification, abundance and distribution of the coral-killing sponge Terpios hoshinota in Bengkulu and Seribu Islands, Indonesia RISNITA TRI UTAMI; NEVIATY P. ZAMANI; HAWIS H. MADDUPPA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 6 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190632

Abstract

Utami RT, Zamani NP, Madduppa HH. 2018. Molecular identification, abundance and distribution of the coral-killing sponge Terpios hoshinota in Bengkulu and Seribu Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2238-2246. Coral killing sponge Terpios hoshinota is one of threats to coral reefs. The outbreaks of  T. hoshinota has been reported in the Indo-Pacific region. However, the current distribution of this species in Western of Sumatera Island is unknown, compared to Seribu Islands. This study aimed to identify coral-killing sponge molecularly and to compare the distribution and abundance of T. hoshinota in Bengkulu (Western of Sumatera) and in Seribu Islands (Northern of Java Island) and to record the preferences of coral substrate of T. hoshinota. Coral reefs and T. hoshinota data were collected using underwater photo transect method with 0.5x0.5m2 quadrate transect. Coral reefs covered by T. hoshinota was analyzed by using Correspondence Analysis, while the determination of biophysical and chemical environment was analyzed by Principal Component Analysis. The identity of the sponge was T. hoshinota. T. hoshinota has been expanding in many reefs across Indonesia especially in Tikus Island and Belanda Island. The most prevalent coral genera in the Seribu Islands infected by T. hoshinota was Acropora while those in Bengkulu were Porites and Pocillopora. Pearson correlation between the live coral cover and T. hoshinota cover was revealed not significant, while T. hoshinota cover and orthophosphate was significant. This study suggests that orthophosphate may play a role invasion of T. hoshinota outbreaks.

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