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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Better providers of habitat for Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus E. Geoffroy 1812): A species distribution modeling approach in Central Java, Indonesia Mahfut Sodik; Satyawan Pudyatmoko; Pujo Semedi Hargo Yuwono; Muhammad Tafrichan; Muhammad Ali Imron
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 5 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210515

Abstract

Abstract. Sodik M, Pudyatmoko S, Yuwono PSH, Tafrichan M, Imron MA. 2020. Better providers of habitat for Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus E. Geoffroy 1812): A species distribution modeling approach in Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1890-1900. The Javan slow loris is an arboreal and nocturnal primate endemic to Java, which is known to inhabit primary and secondary forest habitats, such as swamps, plantations, and bamboo forest. The population of the Javan slow loris continues to decline significantly due to forest degradation, habitat loss/fragmentation, and illegal trade. Conservation of this small primate in Java has been hampered by a paucity of local data on how conservation areas support this species. This study aims to build a spatial distribution model of the Javan slow loris and analyzing the role of each stakeholder plays on land use type to support the conservation of N. javanicus. By utilizing Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) with Maximum Entropy species distribution modeling approach, the researchers were able to highlight the importance of which conservation areas in Central Java that play crucial role to conserve the N. javanicus population. Data on the presence of the Javan slow loris was obtained from the result of a survey undertaken in 2017 and communication with researchers. Elevation, slope, landcover, rainfall, distance to road, distance to settlement, distance to river (water source), and NDVI were used as environmental variables. Results showed that 0.76% (25,715.4 ha) of the total area of the Central Java Province is suitable for their habitat. In addition, results revealed that 2.2% of suitable habitat is present within conservation areas, 4.6% in protected forest areas, and 93.2% outside of protected areas. The Javan slow loris is predicted to be mostly scattered in the northern part of Central Java Province. The Javan slow loris is widely distributed in plantations, their most dominant habitat. The findings of this study show that the small percentage of suitable habitat presents within protected forest and conservation areas cannot sustainably maintain the extant Javan slow loris population. Thus, it is important for the Indonesian government and other key related stakeholders to work together in combination with educating local communities to preserve the habitat and population of N. javanicus.
The isolation, characterization endophytic bacteria from roots of local rice plant Kamba in, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia Sri Sudewi; AMBO ALA; BAHARUDDIN; MUH. FARID
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210442

Abstract

Abstract. Sudewi S, Ala A, Baharuddin, Farid M. 2020. The isolation, characterization endophytic bacteria on from roots of local rice plant Kamba in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1614-1624. The local Kamba rice plants are cultivated by the Bada Valley people for generations by obtaining seeds from previous crops. This rice plant is able to survive even though it is cultivated with traditional cultivation techniques. The ability to survive is suspected because this local rice plant is associated with endophytic bacteria through a variety of mechanisms including being able to produce the IAA hormone and its ability to dissolve phosphate. This study aims to find endophytic bacteria that have the potential to produce IAA and phosphate solvents through morphological and physiological characterization (Gram reaction test with 3% KOH, catalase test, hypersensitivity reaction and hemolysis activity), screening of IAA-producing bacteria qualitative and quantitative, phosphate dissolution activity on Pikovskaya medium, and quantitative using a spectrophotometer. Endophytic bacteria isolates from Gintu give the highest yields in IAA production and phosphate solubility activity, namely RKGU11 and RKGU6, respectively at 4,905 mg L-1 and 10.984 mg L-1 so that it has the potential to be used as a candidate for biofertilizer agents in developing effective sustainable agriculture, respectively, efficient and environmentally friendly.
Detection of major viruses infecting shallot and molecular characterization of Onion yellow dwarf virus from several locations in Indonesia Heri Harti; SRI HENDRASTUTI HIDAYAT; SOBIR; SURYO WIYONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210451

Abstract

Abstract. Harti H, Hidayat SH, Sobir, Wiyono S. 2020. Detection of major viruses infecting shallot and molecular characterization of Onion yellow dwarf virus from several locations in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1697-1701. Research was conducted to identify main viruses infecting shallot in several regions in Indonesia and to further characterize genetic variation of Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV). Field survey was conducted in Central Java (Brebes), East Java (Probolinggo), West Sumatera (Alahan Panjang), West Nusa Tenggara (Bima), and South Sulawesi (Enrekang). Virus detection from field samples was conducted by dot immunobinding assay. This detection confirmed that infection of OYDV, Shallot yellow stunt virus (SYSV), Shallot latent virus (SLV), and Garlic common latent virus (GarCLV) has occurred in all field with incidence ranged from 20 to 93.5%, 2 to 93%, 21.5 to 80%, and 2 to 80.5%, respectively. The specific primers of Nib gene successfully amplified DNA fragments of OYDV from all locations. Sequencing of DNA fragments revealed that the amplified product was 351 bp. Sequence analysis indicated that the present OYDV isolates from Indonesia shared homology from 82 to 95%; and they had homology from 81 to 95% with OYDV isolates from other countries. The similarity of OYDV isolates from different geographical locations reflected the movements of seed bulbs among and within countries. The phylogenetic tree also revealed that OYDV isolates from different countries did not group together indicating their diverse origin.
Distribution survey of Kloss’s Gibbons (Hylobates klosii) in Mentawai Islands, Indonesia ARIF SETIAWAN; CHRISTIAN SIMANJUNTAK; ISMAEL SAUMANUK; DAMIANUS TATEBURUK; YOAN DINATA; DARMAWAN LISWANTO; ANJAR RAFIASTANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 5 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210551

Abstract

Abstract. Setiawan A, Simanjuntak C, Saumanuk I, Tateburuk D, Dinata Y, Liswanto D, Rafiastanto A. 2020. Distribution survey of Kloss’s Gibbons (Hylobates klosii) in Mentawai Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2224-2232. The aim of this study was to assess the population density, distribution, habitats, and threats of Kloss’s gibbon (Hylobates klossii) in the Mentawai Islands, Indonesia. In 2011-2012 we conducted a survey on Siberut Island, outside of the National Park, as well as a short visit to Sipora, North Pagai, and South Pagai. From March to September 2017, we surveyed once again some previous localities on the Siberut and Sipora islands to keep up to date with recent developments on the ground. On Siberut we used an auditory sampling method through fixed point counts, combined with line transects, to estimate the gibbon densities. In total, 113-morning calls were recorded from 13 Listening Points; 75 of these were used for density calculations. We recorded 35 individuals based on direct sightings during 66.4 km of transect distance walked. We found 13 localities outside of Siberut National Park that still have Kloss's gibbons; densities varied between 1.04group/km2 to 4.16 group/km2. No gibbons were found and heard during the short survey in Sipora and South Pagai, though we found a group of gibbons in North Pagai. Our 2017 survey revealed massive habitat changes in South Siberut. Previously existing forest localities in South Siberut were gone due to road construction, agriculture expansion, and logging.
Short Communication: Local perceptions about utilization of invasive alien species Opuntia ficus-indica in three Local Municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa LULEKA MDWESHU; A. Maroyi
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210446

Abstract

Abstract. Mdweshu L, Maroyi A. 2020. Short Communication: Local perceptions about utilization of invasive alien species Opuntia ficus-indica in three Local Municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Biodiversitas 21: 1653-1659.  Opuntia ficus-indica is a succulent plant species categorized as invasive in South Africa but has both commercial and non-market uses. This study evaluated local people’s perceptions about utilization of O. ficus-indica in three local Municipalities in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Data on the local perceptions on O. ficus-indica in the study area were documented through focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews via questionnaires with households between June 2018 and August 2019. A sample of 150 participants chosen using snowball-sampling method provided information on utilization of O. ficus-indica. The importance of O. ficus-indica as a useful plant species was ubiquitously perceived, with all participants reporting its contribution as an important component of their livelihood needs and more than three quarters (88.0%) were using the species on a regular basis. Close to half of the respondents (49.3%) regarded O. ficus-indica as an important source of cash income. The positive socio-economic contributions of O. ficus-indica need to be taken into account when evaluating the costs and benefits resulting from invasions caused by alien plant species.
Brown spot disease severity, yield and yield loss relationships in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia Yosep S. Mau; Antonius Ndiwa; Shirly Oematan
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210443

Abstract

Abstract. Mau YS, Ndiwa ASS, Oematan SS. 2020. Brown spot disease severity, yield and yield loss relationships in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1625-1634. Brown spot is one of the most devastating diseases of rice, which could lead to total yield loss. The disease has a worldwide distribution, more specifically in areas where water supply is scarce, most specifically in the dry upland areas. Almost all stages of rice are affected by the disease, where leaves and grains are mostly affected. Considerable differences exist in susceptibility to brown spot among rice varieties, which may cause a large variation in yield loss caused by the disease. Therefore, the resistance level of rice varieties and their yield reduction has to be regularly evaluated and updated. There are only a few reports on the relationship between brown spot severity with yield and yield loss of upland rice, and is even lacking in pigmented upland rice. The objectives of the present study were to assess the brown spot severity and resistance level in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, and to elucidate their relationships with yield and yield reduction. Twenty four pigmented upland rice genotypes were evaluated in the field during May to October 2019, and their disease responses and yields were recorded. Disease severity was observed weekly and used to calculate Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) for comparison among the genotypes. The relationships between disease severity and AUDPC with yield and yield loss were also examined. The results showed significant variation in brown spot severity and AUDPC, ranging from, respectively, 11.11% to 40.70% and 398.42%-days to 1081.30%-days. Yields and yield losses of test genotypes also varied substantially. Yields under diseased-free and diseased plots ranged from, respectively, 2.34 t ha-1 to 6.13 t ha-1 and 1.68 t ha-1 to 3.74 t ha-1 while yield loss was between 10.46% and 56.15%. Six genotypes were moderately resistant, four genotypes were moderately susceptible and 14 genotypes were susceptible to brown spot. Neither disease severity nor AUDPC had a linear relationship with yield but both exhibited positive and linear relationships with yield loss.
Short Communication: Erythrocytes and leukocytes profiles of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) at conservation site Aryani Sismin Satyaningtijas; AGUSTIN INDRAWATI; RIZKA F. SYARAFINA; TALITA F. MILANI; M. SURYAPUTRA; AINUL KHADIJA SALEEMA; DESRAYNI HANADHITA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 7 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210760

Abstract

Abstract. Satyaningtijas AS, Indrawati A, Syarafina RF, Milani TF, Saleema AK. 2020. Short Communication: Erythrocytes and leukocytes profiles of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) at conservation site. Biodiversitas 21: 3359-3363. Health monitoring of dolphins to ensure optimal welfare in human care is important. This study measured erythrocytes and leukocytes in seven bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) as a parameter to assess physiological status in PT. Wersut Seguni Indonesia (WSI) Marine Mammals Conservation. Blood was sampled through the superficial veins of each tail fin for examination of erythrocytes and leukocytes using hemocytometer method. Differential leukocytes were observed using thin blood smears stained by Giemza. The purpose of this study to collect hematological value of captive bottlenose dolphins. The results showed values of erythrocytes was (5.14±0.56) x 106/mm3, (13.86±1.68) gr/dl for hemoglobin, and (44.29±2.69)% for hematocrit. The value for leukocytes were  (4.2 ± 0,82) x 103/mm3 , 63.14 ± 9.77% for lymphocytes, 3.57 ± 1.72% for monocytes, 31.57 ± 8.43% for neutrophils, 1.29 ± 1.60% for eosinophils and 0.14 ± 0.38% for basophils. The average of the seven bottlenose dolphins Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio (N/L) was 0.53.
Population structure of Gyrinops versteegii within floristic community in Nggalak Protection Forest, Flores Island, Indonesia Abban Putri Fiqa; SUGENG BUDIHARTA; FEBRINA ARTAULI SIAHAAN; RIDESTI RINDYASTUTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210437

Abstract

Abstract. Fiqa AP, Budiharta S, Siahaan FA, Rindyastuti R. 2020. Population structure of Gyrinops versteegii within floristic community in Nggalak Protection Forest, Flores Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1561-1568.  Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg) Domke is one of the agarwood-producing plants native to eastern Indonesia with high level of exploitation in its natural habitat. Despite being protected by listing it in the CITES Appendix II, anecdotal evidence suggests that G. versteegii population continues to decline. Yet, there is limited empirical data to support such premise. This study was conducted to evaluate the abundance, population structure and floristic importance position of G.versteegii within vegetation community in its natural habitat in Nggalak Forest, Flores. Vegetation analysis was carried out at four growth stages: mature, immature, saplings, and seedlings stage. The results showed that G. versteegii was abundant in its natural habitat in Nggalak Forest in juvenile stages (i.e. seedlings to immature), but not in mature stage. Population densities for seedlings, saplings and immature stage were 313, 150 and 22 individuals per hectare respectively. G. versteegii also hold important position in the community structure, ranks 28th, 6th, and 14th for seedlings, saplings and immature stages respectively in term of importance value index. The high abundance and floristic importance of G. versteegii at the juvenile stages, but not at mature stages, indicates that rampant and over-exploitation of mature plants is likely the major threat to its population. We recommend to replicate similar study in other G. versteegii distribution areas. If similar pattern is found, conservation intervention in the form of protection of its natural population to sustain the juveniles to grow until mature stage may be required along with encouraging cultivation and reintroduction to enhance the population.
The Euphorbiaceae (Spurge Family) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia: Diversity, conservation and utilization Esti Munawaroh; YUZAMMI YUZAMMI; Y. PURWANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211106

Abstract

Abstract. Munawaroh E, Yuzammi, Purwanto Y. 2020. The Euphorbiaceae (Spurge Family) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia: Diversity, conservation and utilization. Biodiversitas 21: 5021-5031. Euphorbiaceae (Spurge family) is the fourth largest family world-wide, consists of 1,354 species and 91 genera. The family is also a part of the Bogor Botanic Gardens collections. The Gardens has evolved to fulfill its mission through five principal functions: conservation, research, education, tourism, and environmental services. The aims of this study are to reveal the diversity, conservation, and its potential in the Bogor Botanic Gardens. This research was based on direct observation of all members of Euphorbiaceae family in the Gardens, as well as Registration Unit and the Garden’s catalog which were observed for more than 10 years. The Gardens collected 39 genera, 71 species, and 136 specimens where 91 specimens are trees, 38 specimens are shrubs, three specimens are climbers and four specimens are succulents. Most of the collections are native to Indonesia 75.91% (103 specimens) and only 33 specimens (24.09%) from overseas. Amongst native collections have dominated from Jawa 25.54% (34 specimens), Sumatra 24.08% (33 specimens). The others are from Sulawesi 9.48% (13 specimens), Kalimantan 7.29% (10 specimens), Maluku 6.56% (9 specimens), Papua 2.28% (three specimens), and Nusa Tenggara Timur 0.72% (one specimen). Many species of the family have potentially developed as traditional medicinal plants (11 species), ornamental plants (16 species), spices and vegetable (two species), timbers (14 species), rubber plants (one species), source of energy (two species) and toxic (six species). Several old collections have retained at the Gardens that aged over 75 years, such as Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Mull. Arg. forma mollis, Acalypha wilkesiana Mull. Arg., Acalypha hispida Burm. var. sanderi (N.E.Br.) J. J. Sm., Acalypha wilkesiana Mull. Arg. forma Montana, Sapium aucuparium Jacq. and Ricinodendron heudelotii (Bail.) Heckel. A map of planting point of the Euphorbiaceae collections is provided.
Rapid assessment of lichen diversity in Baliem Valley, Jayawijaya, Papua, Indonesia SUHARNO SUHARNO; LINUS Y. CHRYSTOMO; PUGUH SUJARTA; ROSYE H.R. TANJUNG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 6 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210610

Abstract

Abstract. Suharno, Chrystomo LY, Sujarta P, Tanjung RHR. 2020. Rapid assessment of lichen diversity in Baliem Valley, Jayawijaya, Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2403-2409. Lichen is a form of mutualistic symbiosis between phycobiont and mycobiont. Lichens play an important role in environment, either to maintain the biological diversity and the function of ecosystems. This study is aimed to determine the diversity of species of lichens in the Baliem Valley region, Jayawijaya, Papua. The method used was explorative surveys in several villages in Jayawijaya District. Species identification was based on morphological characteristics. The results showed that there were 37 species of lichen belong to 24 genera and 11 families on several habitats on altitude ranging from 1655 to 2179 m asl with temperatures between 18-26°C. The dominant species were from the families of Parmeliaceae, Cladoniaceae, and Teloschistaceae. The results indicate that the Baliem Valley region rich in lichen diversity and the existence of particular lichen species suggests that the region has healthy environmental conditions. This study provides new information on the existence of lichen diversity in Papua.

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