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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Diversity of endophytic and rhizosphere bacteria from pineapple (Ananas comosus) plant in semi-arid ecosystem Rahayu Fitriani Wangsa Putrie; I Nyoman Pugeg Aryantha; IRIAWATI IRIAWATI; Sarjiya Antonius
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 7 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210728

Abstract

Abstract. Putrie RFW, Aryantha INP, Iriawati, Antonius S. 2020. Diversity of endophytic and rhizosphere bacteria from pineapple (Ananas comosus) plant in semi-arid ecosystem. Biodiversitas 21: 3084-3093. The natural environment majorly influences plant microbiome diversity, in terms of endophytic and rhizobacteria. Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) has been identified as one of host plants with a capacity to grow in semiarid ecosystems. The intrinsic microbial symbiont composition is recognized in a specific ecological niche. The scientific information available is limited to the inoculants' ability to reduce plant stress, although the diversity in a semiarid ecosystem has not been studied. The aim of this research is to investigate the diversity of endophytic and rhizosphere bacteria obtained from pineapple in a semiarid ecosystem. A total of 117 culturable microbial isolates, dominated by Gram-positive bacteria were obtained from pineapple (88) and rhizosphere (29). The metagenomic analysis showed higher diversity and abundance in rhizospheres compared to the endophytes. Actinobacterium was identified as the most populated colony, while Proteobacterium was more prominent in the host plant. The Bacillus genera were recognized as the dominant symbiont genus. Therefore, the culturable isolates were further developed as candidate inoculants for microbe databases. This is expected to be useful in broadening theoretical knowledge.
Environmental efficiency of rice production in Vietnam: An application of SBM-DEA with undesirable output Truc-Linh Le; Thi-Thuy-Hai Luu; Nga Huynh; Rebecca H. Chung
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 6 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210645

Abstract

Abstract. Le TL, Luu TTH, Huynh N, Chung RH. 2020. Environmental efficiency of rice production in Vietnam: An application of SBM-DEA with undesirable output. Biodiversitas 21: 2710-2715. In Vietnam, the agricultural sector is one of major sources of the country’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and over half of that comes from rice cultivation. This study evaluates the environmental efficiency of 400 rice farms in the Mekong Delta using slack-based measure (SBM) data envelopment analysis (DEA) with considering the total amount of CO2-equivalent (CO2-eq) emissions in the rice field as undesirable output. The findings revealed that the average environmental efficiency score of the farmers was very low, just only 0.461. Only 2.25% of the sample farms were environmentally efficient while majority of them (58%) obtained the efficiency values less than the mean indicating that their environmental efficiency needs to be further improved. The small rice farms were higher in environmental efficiency scores compared with large farms. The sample rice farmers who are members of agricultural cooperatives obtained a significantly higher environmental efficiency than the non-cooperative members. The estimated results of input and bad output excesses showed that about 1.35 tons of CO2-eq ha-1 could be reduced and an average of 54.18 kg N ha-1 could be saved in order to improve the environmental performance of rice production in the study area.
The impact of climate change on the household food security of upland rice farmers in Sidomulyo, Lampung Province, Indonesia Ktut Murniati; abdul mutolib
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 8 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210809

Abstract

Abstract. Murniati K, Mutolib A. 2020. The impact of climate change on the household food security of upland rice farmers in Sidomulyo, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3487-3493.  Climate change in the agricultural sector, particularly food crops, significantly decreases the production, causing the anomaly influences of El-Niño (drought) and La-Nina (flood). Climate change will have an impact on food availability and accessibility, thereby disrupting the food security and vulnerability of farmer households. This study aimed to: analyze the livelihood vulnerabilities, determine the food security level, and assess the livelihood vulnerability on the food security of upland rice farmer households against climate change. This study was conducted in Sidomulyo Sub-district, South Lampung District. The samples were randomly selected among farmers, resulting in 66 selected farmers. The analysis included: the livelihood vulnerability index– intergovernmental panel of climate change (LVI-IPCC), food security index based on the Indonesian Institute of Sciences, and the Ordinal Model Logit (Ologit). The results showed that the upland rice farmer’s household had a livelihood vulnerability of 0.071, belonged to the medium category.  Most farmer households (77.27%) were categorized as food secure.   The “secure” category in the food security index is obtained if the upland rice farmers fulfill three criteria includes food availability, food stability, and food sustainability.  The strategy of climate change adaptation, rice price, and phonska fertilizer price affects the food security of farmers’ households.  Climate change adaptation strategies are indispensable for sustainable food security.
Increasing accuracy: The advantage of using open access species occurrence database in the Red List assessment Iyan Robiansyah; Wita Wardani
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 8 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210831

Abstract

Abstract. Robiansyah I, Wardani W. 2020. Increasing accuracy: The advantage of using open access species occurrence database in the Red List assessment. Biodiversitas 21: 3658-3664. IUCN Red List is the most widely used instrument to assess and advise the extinction risk of a species. One of the criteria used in IUCN Red List is geographical range of the species assessed (criterion B) in the form of extent of occurrence (EOO) and/or area of occupancy (AOO). While this criterion is presumed to be the easiest to be completed as it is based mainly on species occurrence data, there are some assessments that failed to maximize freely available databases. Here, we reassessed the conservation status of Cibotium arachnoideum, a tree fern distributed in Sumatra and Borneo. This species was previously assessed by Praptosuwiryo (2020, Biodiversitas 21 (4): 1379-1384) which classified the species as Endangered (EN) under criteria B2ab(i,ii,iii); C2a(ii). Using additional data from herbarium specimens recorded in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) website and from peer-reviewed scientific papers, in the present paper we show that C. arachnoideum has a larger extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO), more locations and different conservation status compared to those in Praptosuwiryo (2020). Our results are supported by the predicted suitable habitat map of C. arachnoideum produced by MaxEnt modelling method. Based on our assessment, we propose the category of Vulnerable (VU) C2a(i) as the global conservation status for C. arachnoideum. Our study implies the advantage of using open access databases to increase the accuracy of extinction risk assessment under the IUCN Red List criteria in regions like Indonesia, where adequate taxonomical information is not always readily available.
DNA barcode of Metroxylon sagu and others palm species using matK gene Barahima Abbas; RUDY JOHANIS KABES; NOUKE LENDA MAWIKERE; Reymas Marten Reinhard Ruimassa; RUDY APRIANTO MATURBONG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 9 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210916

Abstract

Abstract. Abbas B, Kabes RJ, Mawikere NL, Ruimassa RMR, Maturbong RA. 2020. DNA barcode of Metroxylon sagu and other palm species using matK gene. Biodiversitas 21: 4047-4057. Palm family encompasses numerous species, and they disperse broadly across tropical and subtropical countries. The palm family is generally used as an ornamental plant, food, oil, and industrial raw materials. Species of palm that accumulate large amount carbohydrate in the trunk is sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb). The objectives of this study were to explore the plastid sequence associated with matK genes in the palm family and to reveal DNA barcode of 16 genera and 28 species of the palm. Plant materials used in the studies were derived from Sago Research Center (SRC), and other palm sequences were retrieved from the GenBank, NCBI accessions. The PCR product was sequenced by the 1st Base Asia, Singapore. Sequences of the matK gene that were observed in the plastid genome of M. sagu were registered into the NCBI GenBank as DNA barcode of M. sagu. Percent query cover of Blast analysis range from 98% to 100%, and identity range from 97.70% to 100%. Plastid nucleotides associated with matK genes in the chloroplast genome of palm family were shown substantial differences in inter-genera and small differences in inter-species. Genetic distance among palm family range from 0 to 0.026 with nucleotide variation observed was of 0.008822 value. The result of molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that the palm family separated into three clades and three sub-clades based on the plastid matK gene. Species of M. sagu and M. warburgii were considered closely related as compared to other palm species. The matK gene barcoding method is one powerful tool for identification inter-genera and inter-species of the palm.
Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and their inhibitory response by ethanol extract of Abrus precatorius BQ. MUTMAINNAH; AFAF BAKTIR; NI’MATUZAHROH NI’MATUZAHROH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 9 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210919

Abstract

Abstract. Mutmainnah BQ, Baktir A, Ni’matuzahroh. 2020. Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and their inhibitory response by ethanol extract of Abrus precatorius. Biodiversitas 21: 4076-4085. Three isolates of Staphylococcus bacteria with the code MRSA 22372, MSSA 22187 and MSSA 22366 originated from the urine of the patient at Dr. Regional General Hospital Soetomo, Clinical Microbiology Installation Surabaya, Indonesia. Differences in bacterial strains affect their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents. The active ingredient of the ethanol extract of the leaves of Abrus precatorius L. has the potential to inhibit bacterial growth. This study aims to further characterize the bacteria MRSA 22372, MSSA 22187 and MSSA 22366 based on morphological, biochemical and molecular characters and to compare the growth inhibitory response of these three bacteria due to the treatment of variations in the ethanol extract of A. precatorius of 25 mgL-1- 800 mgL-1 leaves. The results showed there were differences in the diameter of bacterial colonies, the ability to ferment glucose and sucrose, and the production of urease and catalase. The molecular characteristics of the three bacteria have no similarity in the order of nucleotide bases or phylogenetic proximity to each other. Ethanol extract of A. precatorius leaves at a concentration of 800 mgL-1 inhibited the growth of MSSA 22187 with an inhibition zone of 41 mm and decreased the MSSA 22366 growth by 67.6%. MIC value of ethanol extract of A. precatorius leaves in all three bacteria was 25 mgL-1 with growth inhibition up to 29.4%, 35.3%, and 29.4% respectively. Keyword : MRSA, MSSA, ethanol extract, Abrus precatorius L.
Isolation and selection of Bacillus cereus specific phages from hospital wastewater Anwar Rovik; SAEFUDDIN ‘AZIZ; HENDRO PRAMONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 7 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210701

Abstract

Abstract. Rovik A, ‘Aziz S, Pramono H. 2020. Isolation and selection of Bacillus cereus specific phages from hospital wastewater. Biodiversitas 21: 2871-2877. Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) is a pathogenic bacterium that frequently contaminates food by producing entero and emetic toxins. B. cereus has shown resistance to various antibiotics, especially ?-lactam antibiotics. An alternative to control B. cereus contamination is the use of bacteriophages. This study aimed to isolate and screen B. cereus specific phages from hospital wastewater in Banyumas District. The research was conducted descriptively through isolation, purification, titer determination, host ranges, and adsorption rate determination. A total of 29 isolates of B. cereus-phages were isolated from hospital wastewater in Banyumas with various titers, ranged from 0.14-3.76 x 107 PFU.mL-1. Isolated phages could be grouped into two, narrow host range (14 phages) and broad activity spectra (15 phages) that infect both Gram-positive and negative bacteria i.e. B. subtilis, B. fragilis, B. licheniformis, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella thypi, and Escherichia coli. The infections had a latency period of 60-120 minutes. The decrease of culture absorbance value ranged from 0.06 to 0.41, while the control tended to increase by 0.39. The largest decreases were showed by phage isolates RSBMS-2 and RSBMT-1 with 0.41 and 0.37, respectively.
Temporal variation in the population of bulbuls (Family Pycnonotidae) in lower montane forest, Northern Thailand Yuwadee Ponpithuk; Supalak Siri; Mongkol Safoowong; Warong Suksavate; Dokrak Marod; Prateep Duengkae
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 8 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210829

Abstract

Abstract. Ponpituk Y, Siri S, Safoowong M, Suksavate W, Marod D, Duengkae P. 2020. Temporal variation in the population of bulbuls (Family Pycnonotidae) in lower montane forest, Northern Thailand. Biodiversitas 21: 3644-3649. Temporal variations in the population of bulbuls (Family Pycnonotidae) were studied over the course of four years in a 16-ha lower montane permanent plot, Northern Thailand. This study aimed to determine the relationship of the temporal variation of forest gaps with the population size of the bulbul, which plays a crucial role in seed dispersal and insect control in tropical forest ecosystems. This long-term monitoring study in a permanent plot was conducted monthly from January 2016 through October 2019. Data were collected using the mist-netting method for the capture-recapture protocol with individual bird banding. A total of 33,120 traps hour for 46 months,180 traps hour per day and 720 traps hour per month were recorded. The banding of a total of 94 individual bulbuls resulted in their classification into 5 species, consisting of Puff-throated Bulbul (Alophoixus pallidus), Mountain Bulbul (Ixos mcclellandii), Black-crested Bulbul (Pycnonotus flaviventris), Ashy Bulbul (Hemixos flavala) and Flavescent Bulbul (Iole virescens). The annual average density of bulbul for four years tended to decrease, but the difference was not significant. The highest average population occurred in 2016 and the lowest in 2018 with the changes being attributable to forest gap. Over time, monthly detection of bulbuls decreased gradually under closed canopy conditions, while in forest gaps, bird detection remained constant. As gap conditions so did detection probabilities. Our findings suggest that natural forest gaps can play an essential role as a temporal inhibitor to the rapid bird population decrease in the lower montane forest. This study will be useful for bird conservation and in balancing ecosystems for sustainability and providing interest in conservation initiatives requiring spatially explicit estimates of density.
Identification and diversity analysis of cassiicolin-encoding gene of Corynespora cassiicola isolates from rubber tree in Indonesia FETRINA OKTAVIA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 8 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210811

Abstract

Abstract. Oktavia F. 2020. Identification and diversity analysis of cassiicolin encoding gene of Corynespora cassiicola isolates from rubber tree in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3499-3507. Cassiicolin is an important effector of virulence process on the Corynespora cassiicola, plant-pathogen that causes Corynespora leaf fall disease in rubber tree. The study aimed to identify and analyze the genetic diversity of isolates from rubber plants in Indonesian based on cassiicolin encoding gene (Cas gene). Identification of Cas genes was performed using 12 pairs of primers on 23 isolates from rubber host clones. Only three pairs of primers were able to amplify the analyzed DNA, namely CasF20/CasR28, CasF19/CasR26, and CasF4/R16 which produced DNA fragments of 760 bp, 550 bp and 210 bp respectively in this study. BLAST analysis showed that 19 isolates carried a Cas5 gene. Three of the 19 DNA samples also contained a putative Cas3 or Cas4 gene. Four other isolates had no detectable Cas gene (Cas0). The genetic diversity based on the Cas gene showed that the isolates were grouped into three major clusters. ome isolates had high genetic similarity with outgroup isolates from China. There was not clear link between Cas gene with virulence profiles. The cassiicolin encoding gene information is useful for predicting the virulence of C. cassiicola isolates from Indonesia rubber plantation, so that the disease severity spreading in rubber plants can be early anticipated.
Autecology of Melastoma malabathricum, an invasive species in the Way Kambas National Park, Indonesia JANI MASTER; IBNUL QAYIM; DEDE SETIADI; NYOTO SANTOSO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 5 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210562

Abstract

Abstract. Master J, Qayim I, Setiadi D, Santoso N. 2020. Autecology of Melastoma malabathricum, an invasive species in the Way Kambas National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2303-2310. Melastoma malabathricum has become one of the invasive plants in the Way Kambas National Park (WKNP), Lampung, Indonesia. This plant is feared to be a problem in efforts to conserve biodiversity in the WKNP area. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the factors causing the invasion of these plants. The vegetation analysis plot was placed on three types of habitats in the study location, namely, forests, swamps, and invaded swamps, then measurements and records of vegetation data and abiotic factors were recorded in each plot. The results reveal that M. malabathricum dominates swamp habitat and negatively associated with trees, which can provide canopy. Abiotic factors, such as canopy cover, water level, and soil fertility, become supporting factors for the invasion. In addition, climate change, which is causing drought also contributes to the invasion of M. malabathricum at the WKNP.

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