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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Genetic diversity in Eddoe Taro (Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum) from Indonesia based on morphological and nutritional characteristics Delvi Maretta; Sobir Sobir; Is Helianti; Purwono Purwono; Edi Santosa
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 8 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210814

Abstract

Abstract. Maretta D, Sobir Helianti I, Purwono, Santosa E. 2020. Genetic diversity in Eddoe Taro (Colocasia esculenta var antiquorum) from Indonesia based on morphological and nutritional characteristics. Biodiversitas 21: 3525-3533. Low yield uniformity and quality due to genetic performance become negative incentives to farmers in Eddoe Taro production. However, genetic evaluation is rarely been reported in this taro type in Indonesia. In this study, 14 eddoe genotypes collected from different regions in Indonesia were evaluated to develop a diversity map for crop improvement and future breeding activities. The genotypes were planted in the open field from September 2018 to March 2019 at the experimental station belonging to LAPTIAB-BPPT, PUSPITEK at South Tangerang District, Indonesia. Morphological and nutritional characters were accessed on the shoot and underground parts. The genotypes exhibited variation in 38 out of 48 characters in which 12 quantitative characters were distinct including oxalate level. The study revealed three findings: (i) Characters related to growth and yield had high genotypic variance coefficients, i.e., sheath length, total petiole length, plant height, number of suckers, corm and cormels weight, (ii) Genotypes clustered into two separate groups as introduced and landraces, and (iii) Landraces had high genetic variation leading to speculation of high clonal variation. Considering the findings, accession S6, S7, S18, S30, and S36 are recommended for further studies in crop improvement purposes.
Short Communication: Phytochemical screening and toxicity of ethanol extract of Sauropus androgynus AWALUDIN AWALUDIN; KARTINA KARTINA; DIANA MAULIANAWATI; WASMEN MANALU; ANDRIYANTO ANDRIYANTO; RIKA SEPTIANA; AGUS ARFANDI; YUBAL LALANG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 7 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210712

Abstract

Abstract. Awaludin, Kartina, Maulianawati D, Manalu W, Andriyanto, Septiana R, Arfandi A, Lalang Y. 2020. Short Communication: Phytochemical screening and toxicity of ethanol extract of Sauropus androgynus. Biodiversitas 21: 2966-2970. Katuk (Sauropus androgynus L.) (SAL) is a plant used to increase the production of breast milk for nursing mothers and lactating mammalian animals because this plant contains high sterols. Phytosterols are plant sterols known to play a role in the synthesis and secretion of progesterone and estradiol.  Progesterone and estradiol are hormones that are involved in controlling the reproduction and mammary gland growth and development in mammalian animals. Estradiol also stimulates vitellogenin synthesis in oviparous animals such as avian and fish.  The study was designed to determine the phytochemical contents and the level of toxicity of the SAL ethanol extract. The research was conducted in 4 phases i.e., (i) extraction of SAL samples using ethanol 70%, (ii) the analysis of phytochemical content of SAL extract using GCMS, (iii) toxicity test of SAL extract in giant tiger shrimp larvae, and (iv) data analysis. The results of GCMS analysis showed that the SAL extract was dominated by the fatty acid group (62.92%), phenol (15.3%), and terpenoids (4.03%). These compounds have roles in animal reproduction and production. The mortality data of giant tiger shrimp larvae were analyzed using probit analysis to determine the LC50 of ethanol extract of SAL. The results of toxicity test for 24 hours showed that the LC50 of the ethanol extract of SAL was 552.208 mg/L. The phytochemical analysis showed that SAL extract has dominant concentrations of fatty acid, phenol, and terpenoid that could be used to improve the reproduction and production of fish.
Therapeutic potentials of n-hexane extracts of the three medicinal mushrooms regarding their anti-colon cancer, antioxidant, and hypocholesterolemic capabilities ghoson Daba; Waill Elkhateeb; Asmaa Negm ELDien; Eman Fadl; Ali Elhagrasi; Walid Fayad; Ting Chi Wen
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 6 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210615

Abstract

Abstract. Daba GM, Elkhateeb WA, El-Dien AN, Ahmed EF, El Hagrassi AM Fayad W, Wen TC. 2020. Therapeutic potentials of n-hexane extracts of the three medicinal mushrooms regarding their anti-colon cancer, antioxidant, and hypocholesterolemic capabilities. Biodiversitas 21: 2437-2445. Evaluating in vitro biological activities of the medicinal mushrooms Hericium erinaceus, Metacordyceps neogunnii, and Dictyophora indusiata n-hexane extracts revealed their capabilities as promising therapeutic sources. By assessing their DPPH radical scavenging activities, D. indusiata extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (87.8±1.2%) followed by H. erinaceus, then M. neogunnii 84.9±1.6%, and 77.3±1.3%, respectively. On the other hand, M. neogunnii extract exerted promising anti-colon cancer (68.6±3.6% cytotoxicity) against HCT116 human colon cancer cell lines at concentration 100 ?g/mL, whereas H. erinaceus and D. indusiata extracts exhibited weaker cytotoxic effects (18.3±1.7%, and 19.3±3.2%, respectively) using the same concentration. Investigating cholesterol reduction activities (CRA%) of the extracts revealed that activity depends on both extract concentration and incubation period. After 96 h of incubation at room temperature, all extracts exerted potent in vitro hypocholesterolemic activities (100±0% reduction in cholesterol concentration). Performing GC-Ms analyses on the extracts revealed presence of 22 compounds in D. indusiata extract, while 29 compounds were detected in M. neogunnii extract, and 33 in H. erinaceus extract. Most of compounds were esters of fatty acids. Results in this study encourage using these mushrooms as functional foods, and highlight the need for conducting further in vivo studies to support their use in pharmaceutical industry.
In vitro somatic embryogenesis of superior clones of robusta coffee from Lampung, Indonesia: Effect of genotypes and callus induction media dwi hapsoro; rahmadyah hamiranti; yusnita yusnita
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 8 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210849

Abstract

Abstract. Hapsoro D, Hamiranti R, Yusnita Y. 2020. In vitro somatic embryogenesis of superior clones of robusta coffee from Lampung, Indonesia: Effect of genotypes and callus induction media. Biodiversitas 21: 3811-3817. This study aimed to investigate the effects of genotypes and primary callus induction media on somatic embryogenesis of superior robusta coffee clones of Lampung. Leaf explants of clones Tugusari, Komari, Tugino, and Wanto were cultured on two types of primary callus induction media (PCIM). PCIM1 consisted of half-strength MS salts, 30 gL-1 sucrose, added with (mgL-1) 0.1 thiamine-HCl, 0.5 nicotinic acids, 0.5 pyridoxine-HCl, 100 Myo-inositol, 200 ascorbic acids, 150 citric acids, and 1 benzyl adenine. PCIM2 consisted of NPCM salts, 30 gL-1 sucrose, added with (mgL-1) 15 thiamine-HCl, 1 nicotinic acid, 1 pyridoxine-HCl, 2 glycines, 130 Myo-inositol, 200 ascorbic acids, 150 citric acids, 1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 2 thidiazuron. The highest percentage (100%) of primary callus formation was found in Komari and Wanto clones. PCIM2 resulted in more primary calli than PCIM1. When subcultured to embryogenic callus induction medium, primary calli of clone Komari and Wanto developed into a high percentage of embryogenic calli, while those of the other two turned brown and died. PCIM2-derived primary calli developed into more embryogenic calli. When subcultured on somatic embryo (SE) regeneration medium, these calli underwent the formation of SE of various stages. When subcultured to plant regeneration medium, these SEs developed into plantlets.
Cross-ecosystem utilizing primed seeds of upland rice varieties for enriching crop diversity at riparian wetland during dry season ROFIQOH PURNAMA RIA; BENYAMIN LAKITAN; FIRDAUS SULAIMAN; KARTIKA KARTIKA; RUJITO AGUS SUWIGNYO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 7 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210718

Abstract

Abstract. Ria RP, Lakitan B, Sulaiman F, Kartika K, Suwignyo RA. 2020. Cross-ecosystem utilizing primed seeds of upland rice varieties for enriching crop diversity at riparian wetland during dry season. Biodiversitas 21: 3008-3017. Cultivation of rice during second growing season at riparian wetlands in Indonesia must deal with drought conditions at reproductive stage. Seed priming can speed up seed emergence and produces vigorous seedlings. Objective of this study was to screen upland rice varieties which were positively responded to seed priming and tolerant to drought during late vegetative and/or reproductive stage. Results of this study indicated that osmo-priming showed positive effects on seed emergence, percentage of germinated seed, and time to reach 50% germination. Effects of osmo-priming on seedling growth did not go beyond four weeks after seedlings had been transplanted. Among nine varieties screened, Inpago 10 exhibited better response to seed priming during late vegetative stage as it produced the highest number of tillers and total leaf area. However, at harvest, osmo-priming with 20% PEG lowered filled spikelet and weight of 100 grains but did not affect yield. Drought during late vegetative stage lessened number of tillers but after drought-treated plants recovered during reproductive stage, percentage of filled spikelet and grain size were comparable to those of control plants. Meanwhile, drought imposed during reproductive stage decreased percentage of filled spikelet and grain yield. Despite its better performance under drought conditions, leaf rolling score was higher during heading stage in Inpago 10. This phenomenon indicated that leaf rolling was not forced by drought, rather it was a quick response of Inpago 10 variety to limit water loss due to transpiration.
Diversity of reef fish in Halang Melingkau Island, South Kalimantan, Indonesia Frans Tony; SOEMARNO SOEMARNO; DEWA GEDE RAKA WIADNYA; LUCHMAN HAKIM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 10 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211046

Abstract

Abstract. Tony F, Soemarno, Wiadnya DGR, Hakim L. 2020. Diversity of reef fish in Halang Melingkau Island, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4804-4812. Reef fish is one benchmark to determine a coral reef ecosystem's biodiversity. Reef fish communities are important in coral reef ecosystems because of their trophic relationships with other biotic components. The aim of this study was to determine the biodiversity of reef fish on Halang Melingkau Island, Kotabaru District, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. This research was conducted in March-August 2019. Coral reef fish data were collected using an underwater visual census method. Transects were applied as close as possible to the substrate using a 50 m roll-up measuring tape. Three transects were applied at each station. A total of 98 reef fish species from 19 families were recorded in this study. The fish community in Halang Melingkau island belongs to the family of Pomacentridae, Labridae, Chaetodontidae, Scaridae, Haemulidae, Lutjanidae, Scolopsidae, Serranidae, Caesionidae, Holocentridae, Siganidae, Pomacanthidae, Apogonidae, Pempheridae, Scorpaenidae, Tetraodontidae, Blenniidae, Platacidae, and Zanclidae. The highest abundance of reef fish was 1.88 ind/m2, and the lowest was 0.14 ind/m2. The dominance index (C) ranged from 0.03 to 0.13, the homogeneity index (E') ranged from 0.72 and 0.94, and the diversity index (H') ranged from 2.17 to 3.53. Water quality data measurements of temperature, brightness, current speed, pH, and DO (Dissolved Oxygen) were within the tolerance limits of water quality standards based on the Minister of Environment Decree No. 51 of 2004, Republic of Indonesia.
Spectral observation of agarwood by infrared spectroscopy: The differences of infected and normal Aquilaria microcarpa Danang Sudarwoko Adi; SUNG-WOOK HWANG; DWI AJIAS PRAMASARI; YUSUP AMIN; BERNADETA AYU WIDYANINGRUM; TEGUH DARMAWAN; ERIS SEPTIANA; WAHYU DWIANTO; JUNJI SUGIYAMA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 7 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210704

Abstract

Abstract. Adi DS, Hwang SW, Pramasari DA, Amin Y, Widyaningrum BA, Darmawan T, Septiana E, Dwianto W, Sugiyama J. 2020. Spectral observation of agarwood by infrared spectroscopy: The differences of infected and normal Aquilaria microcarpa. Biodiversitas 21: 2893-2899. This study was conducted to evaluate and to determine the potential spectral band assignments that influenced the differentiation of normal and infected agarwood of Aquilaria microcarpa using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTNIR). The results showed that the differences in band intensity on FTIR were identified as C=O stretching (lignin), COO-stretching (hemicellulose), aromatic skeletal vibration (lignin), and C-H bending vibration. The increasing absorbances of infected agarwood were supposed as the change on the wood tissues due to the releasing resinous compound. The C-O bond (aromatic alkane) and stretching (ether), C-C stretching (aromatic alkane), and C-H bond (aromatic ring) which related to the scented fragrance of agarwood have appeared on the FTIR spectra. Multivariate analysis with principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of the second derivative NIR spectra at the wavenumber 8,000-4,000 cm-1 showed that normal and infected agarwood was successful to be separated. Discriminant model one-on-one classification exhibited good performances as the R2 performance (R2P) values was 0.99. There were eight major wood components which contributed to the separation based on NIR spectra, where lignin, hemicellulose, and xylans were the most valuable chemical compound.
Short Communication: Investigating gonad length and fecundity in mudskippers (Gobiidae) at the Musi River estuary, South Sumatra, Indonesia Moh Rasyid Ridho; Enggar Patriono; Dina Rahmawati; RAHMAT PRATAMA; MUHAMMAD AVESENA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 10 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221034

Abstract

Abstract. Ridho MR, Patriono E, Wati DR, Pratama R, Avesena M. 2021. Short Communication: Investigating gonad length and fecundity in mudskippers (Gobiidae) at the Musi River estuary, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4413-4420. Information on the biological aspects of mudskipper (Gobiidae) reproduction is needed as a conservation effort to use economically valuable and sustainable resources in the future. This can be used to enrich the information on the status of the mudskipper research at the Musi River estuary, South Sumatra, Indonesia. The field sampling was carried out by using the purposive sampling method. The sampling of fish was carried out by the researchers and assisted by the people of the community using fishing rods and bubu fish traps. The results showed that 122 mudskipper were obtained, which consisted of four species Boleophthalmus boddarti, Boleophthalmus dussumieri, Periophthalmus chrysospilos, Periophthalmodon schlosseri. 93 male and 29 female fish were caught, the sex ratio was 3.20:1. There are more male than female fish overall with the sampling method used. Most of the female fish fecundity was reported in P. chrysospilos, namely 23,270-36,264 items in GM (III) and ranged from 40,825-87,749 items in GM (IV). The largest egg diameter was reported in P. chrysospilos by 0.051-0.069 mm (GML III) and 0.053-0.062 mm (GML IV), while the smallest weight and length were reported in P. chrysospilos than other species. The egg size was not positively correlated with body size.
The influence of physicochemical environment on the distribution and abundance of mangrove gastropods in Ngurah Rai Forest Park Bali, Indonesia Ajie Imamsyah; I WAYAN ARTHANA; IDA AYU ASTARINI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 7 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210740

Abstract

Abstract. Imamsyah A, Arthana IW, Astarini IA. 2020. The influence of physicochemical environment on the distribution and abundance of mangrove gastropods in Ngurah Rai Forest Park Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3178-3188. Ngurah Rai Forest Park is the widest mangrove ecosystem in Bali that close to the business center and tourism area. The strategic location of the Ngurah Rai Forest Park is estimated to produce anthropogenic waste that can disrupt the gastropod population and stability of the mangrove ecosystems. This study aims to analyze the mangrove density, distribution, and abundance of gastropods based on the quality of the biophysical environment. Mangrove data collection was carried out using a plot transect of 10 m x 10 m, 5 m x 5 m, and 1 m x 1 m. Meanwhile, samples gastropods were collected on a plot transect of 0.5 m x 0.5 m in plot transect of 5 m x 5 m. A total of 11 gastropods species and 6 mangrove species were recorded in this study. The dominant gastropods species found were Assiminea brevicula (28 ind/m2). Species mangrove of Sonneratia alba and Rhizophora apiculata found were in all study sites with tree density values of 1000 ind/ha. Subsequently, the ecological index calculation results show that the diversity index (H’) (2.89-3.2), evenness index (E) (0.87-0.93), and dominance index (C) (0.12-0.17). Based on the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) found was Assiminea brevicula spread on sand and silt substrates and adaptive to the temperature condition, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen. Furthermore, other analysis results showed that Cerithidea cingulata, Cerithidea quadrata, Littoraria articulata, and Littoraria scabra were found on clay substrate with high C-organic content. In conclusion, gastropods are evenly distributed and no species dominate the ecosystems.
Environmental factors and seasonal effect on the potential harmful algae presence at Ambon Bay, Indonesia Mohammad Mahmudi; Evellin Dewi Lusiana; Endang Y. Herawati; Lukas G. Serihollo
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 7 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210730

Abstract

Abstract. Mahmudi M, Lusiana ED, Herawati EY, Serihollo LG. 2020. Environmental factors and seasonal effects on the potential harmful algae presence at Ambon Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3101-3107. Marine and coastal areas are susceptive to harmful algae presence which can lead to Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs). Major drivers for this event are climate change, domestic and industrial activities. These alter the environmental condition in marine ecosystems which caused the shift of phytoplankton community. This study aims to analyze the environmental factors affecting the harmful algae occurrence in Ambon Bay as well as the seasonal change during west monsoon and first transition in regards to this issue. There were six environmental variables accounted in this research which measured in situ and ex-situ. The results showed that there were three algae divisions that formed the phytoplankton structure in Ambon Bay, namely Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae, and Cyanophyceae. These divisions have been reported as the cause of previous HABs in the area. Furthermore, algae density during first transition season was higher than during west monsoon season, but the composition of phytoplankton community was stable in which dominated by harmful algae such as Chaetoceros, Skeletonema, Nitzschia, Ceratium, Pyrodinium, Dinophysis, Alexandrium, and Trichodesmium. Meanwhile, based on Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), temperature and nutrients were the main factors that highly associated with the presence and abundance of harmful.

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