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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Allometric equations for estimating biomass of community forest tree species in Madiun, Indonesia Pandu Wirabuana; RAHMANTA SETIAHADI; RONGGO SADONO; MARTIN LUKITO; DJOKO SETYO MARTONO; JERIELS MATATULA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 9 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210947

Abstract

Abstract. Wirabuana PYAP, Setiahadi R, Sadono R, Lukito M, Martono DS, Matatula J. 2020. Allometric equations for estimating biomass of community forest tree species in Madiun, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4291-4300. The capability of community forests for offsetting carbon emissions highly depends on their biomass production. Unfortunately, the measurement of tree biomass in community forests using a destructive method is expensive and time-consuming. It is also almost impossible to conduct this method for all trees in the observation area. Therefore, the development of allometric equations is essential to support tree biomass estimation in community forests. This study was designed to construct specific models for predicting individual tree biomass in community forests, located in Madiun, Indonesia. We destructively sampled approximately 120 trees from four different species (30 trees for each species), i.e., Falcataria moluccana, Melia azedarach, Swietenia macrophylla, and Tectona grandis. For every tree sample, the measurement of biomass was conducted in each tree’s component, namely roots, stem, branches, and leaves. The allometric equations were developed with regression analysis using predictor variables, like diameter at breast height (D), squared diameter at breast height combined with tree height (D2H), as well as D and H separately. Results found that for four species, the mean biomass in the stem was 50.3%, followed by branches 25.4%, roots 15.9%, and leaves 8.3%. The best equation for estimating biomass in every component and total of four species was different. However, our study showed that the equation ln? = -3.037 + 1.430 lnD + 1.684 was reliable to estimate total individual tree biomass of four species in the surveyed area since this model had accuracy of 90.8%. Referring to these findings, we recommended the utilization of an allometric equation as an alternative method for facilitating more efficient biomass measurement in the community forests.
Metabolic profile and skin-related bioactivities of Cerioporus squamosus hydromethanolic extract Waill Elkhateeb; Ghoson Daba; Marwa Elnahas; Paul Thomas; Mahmoud Emam
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 10 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211037

Abstract

Abstract. Elkhateeb WA, Daba GM, Elnahas MO, Thomas PW, Emam M. 2020. Metabolic profile and skin-related bioactivities of Cerioporus squamosus hydromethanolic extract. Biodiversitas 21: 4732-4740.  Being a functional food capable of showing nutritional as well as medicinal properties have great attention. Mushrooms have been proven as leading targets in this field. For this purpose, the edible mushroom Cerioporus squamosus was investigated in this study to evaluate the in vitro skin-related bioactivities of its hydromethanolic extract in terms of enhancing wound healing, and human skin cancer suppression capabilities. Treatment of fibroblast cells (BJ-1) with the hydromethanolic extract of this mushroom at 50 µg/mL enhanced cell migration rates by 71.7% after 24 h of exposure to the extract. Moreover, the same extract exhibited a promising impact on human skin cancer using an epidermoid carcinoma cell line (A431). The gradual increase in C. squamosus hydromethanolic extract concentration caused gradual decrease in the A431 cell viability and proliferation. Maximum effect on reducing the cell viability was obtained at a concentration of 100 µg/mL, where cell viability was 3.7%, and recorded IC50 was 52.6 µg/mL. The metabolic profile of the extract was analyzed by GC-MS, which was performed on its silylated metabolites. Nineteen compounds were detected including sugar alcohols, amino acids, fatty and organic acids. Promising results of this mushroom extract encourage conducting further steps towards using this mushroom as a functional food showing promising bioactivities.
Male-sterile induction method in foxtail millet (Setaria italica) Rizki Bagus Nugroho; WILLY BAYUARDI SUWARNO; NURUL KHUMAIDA; SINTHO WAHYUNING ARDIE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 9 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210951

Abstract

Abstract. Nugroho RB, Suwarno WB, Khumaida N, Ardie SW. 2020. Male-sterile induction method in foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Biodiversitas 21: 4325-4330. Male-sterile induction is one technique that can be used to prevent selfing in self-pollination plants, especially for plants with small floret. This study aimed to identify an effective male-sterile induction method that can kill pollen while keeping the stigma receptive in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Cikabayan Experimental Station and the Biology and Biophysics Seed laboratory, Dept. of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University, Indonesia from October 2018 to February 2019. The experiment consisted of two sub-experiments that were carried out with a split-plot design with four replications. The male-sterile induction method was the main plot, and the genotype was the subplot. The results from the first experiment showed that alcohol, warm water, and maleic hydrazide treatments were effective for killing pollen in the upper panicle and pollination zones. These treatments were also effective in developing unproductive rachis with different effect patterns on panicles. The results from the second experiment showed that warm water treatment and maleic hydrazide could keep the stigma receptive. From both experiments, warm water treatment was recommended for male-sterile induction in foxtail millet because it was effective in killing pollen, inflicting unproductive rachis in the upper panicle and pollination zones, and kept the stigma receptive.
Multivariate analysis to determine secondary characters in selecting adaptive hybrid corn lines under drought stress NUR FADHLI; MUH. FARID; RAFIUDDIN; ROY EFFENDI; MUHAMMAD AZRAI; MUHAMMAD FUAD ANSHORI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 8 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210826

Abstract

Abstract. Fadhli N, Farid M, Rafiuddin, Efendi R, Azrai M, Anshori MF. 2020. Multivariate analysis to determine secondary characters in selecting adaptive hybrid corn lines under drought stress. Biodiversitas 21: 3617-3624. The development of adaptive hybrid corn varieties under drought stress needs an effective selection. Multivariate analysis has been reported can increase the effectiveness of selection in plants by attaching the secondary characters in the selection. Therefore, this concept also can be applied to develop adaptive corn varieties under drought stress. The objectives of this study are to determine the main secondary characters and select the best hybrid lines adaptive to drought stress. The experiment was arranged by a nested design, where replications nested under two environmental conditions, namely normal and drought stress. The main factor was genotypes consisted of 30 genotypes and was repeated three times. Moreover, the observations of this research consisted of 20 variables. The result of this research showed that the weight of harvested cob was an effective secondary character as a selection criterion along with productivity in selecting adaptive maize genotypes under drought stress. The number of green leaves was the character outside of the yield component could be as an alternative secondary character besides the weight of harvested cob. The selection results based on the weight of the harvested cob and productivity resulted in 12 hybrid corn lines considered adaptive to drought stress.
The effectiveness of silvofishery system in water treatment in intensive whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) ponds, Probolinggo District, East Java, Indonesia Muhammad Musa; Evellin Dewi Lusiana; Nanik Retno Buwono; Sulastri Arsad; Mohammad Mahmudi
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 10 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211031

Abstract

Abstract. Musa M, Lusiana ED, Buwono NR, Arsad S, Mahmudi M. 2020. The effectiveness of silvofishery system in water treatment in intensive whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) ponds, Probolinggo District, East Java Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4695-4701. Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a popular aquaculture species in Indonesia due to its high market demand. It requires excellent water quality to ensure its growth rate and production. Therefore, intensive culture system is considered. However, the system threatens the sustainability of the adjacent environment and thus proper water treatment is necessary to increase the quality of water used in shrimp farming as well as the wastewater it produces. In this study, we explored the use of a silvofishery system that integrates mangroves into a pond as a potential solution to this issue. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the silvofishery system at treating water inputs and effluents of a whiteleg shrimp pond in Probolinggo District, East Java, Indonesia. Eight physicochemical water quality parameters and a phytoplankton community at four sampling sites during neap tide period were examined in this study. The effectiveness of the silvofishery system in increasing water quality was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), while the diversity of phytoplankton for biomonitoring was measured with the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’). The results showed that the mangrove effectively increased the quality of the water supply and wastewater in the intensive whiteleg shrimp pond-especially in terms of nutrient removal-as well as the biodiversity of its phytoplankton community. Other parameters such as TOM and ammonia also decreased, though this was not statistically proven.
Potentially lactic acid bacteria as an EPS producing starter from yellow sweet potato fermentation NETI YULIANA; Sumardi SUMARDI; EDO JATMIKO; MENTARI ROSALINE; MUHAMMAD IQBAL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 9 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210944

Abstract

  Potentially lactic acid bacteria as a starter for EPS production from yellow sweet potato fermentation were determined. The fermentation profile and partial characteristics of isolated lactic acid bacteria were used as considerations. The fermentation of yellow sweet potato was performed in the back-slopping and spontaneous procedure and was paid attention to the hours of 0, 24, 48, and 72.  The results showed that the 72 hours of fermentation was found to have the highest EPS metabolites, the number of a LAB, the total lactic acid, and the lowest pH. The 72 hours of fermentation also seemed to cause a significant change in the sweet potato starch granules morphology.   The potential starter, therefore, can be taken from the yellow sweet potato fermentation either spontaneously or by a back-slopping method, at 72 hours. From the sixty selected LAB, the 34 strains showed an ability to produce EPS. Among these, eight strains exhibited the potential high production of  EPS.  They were capable of growth on 28-45C and exhibited tolerance to 3-4% NaCl. The favorable carbon sources for the growth and production of EPS were isolated dependent.
Morphometric and genetic variations of species composers of nike fish assemblages in Gorontalo Bay Waters, Indonesia Femy M. Sahami; Rene Charles Kepel; Abdul Hafidz Olii; Silvester Benny Pratasik; Ridwan Lasabuda; Adnan Wantasen; Sitty Ainsyah Habibie
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 10 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211015

Abstract

Abstract. Sahami FM, Kepel RC, Olii AH, Pratasik SB, Lasabuda R, Wantasen A, Habibie SA. 2020. Morphometric and genetic variations of species composers of nike fish assemblages in Gorontalo Bay Waters, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4571-4581.  Nike is Gobioidei fish at the post-larval and juvenile stages whose habitat is still in seawater before they migrate to the freshwater, grow up, and spawn to fulfill their life cycle as an amphidromous species. This study aims to identify the species composers of Nike fish in Gorontalo Bay waters based on their morphometric and molecular characters. 2,523 samples were collected from the catches of fishermen during three periods of their appearance in Gorontalo Bay waters from January to March 2019. The samples were grouped based on their similarity of melanophore patterns, and morphometric characters of 10 units were then measured. This study found 20 different groups of melanophore patterns; 15 of them were new melanophore patterns. DNA samples from each group of new melanophore patterns were then isolated for molecular analysis. The morphometric analysis grouped the 20 melanophore patterns into three separate clusters that were confirmed through molecular analysis. The results of Gen Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) sequences indicate that the new melanophore patterns of Nike fish assemblages consisting of six species; five species in the Gobiidae family (i.e. Sicyopterus parvei, S. cynocephalus, S. longifilis, S. lagocephalus, and Stiphodon semoni) and a species in the Eleotridae family (Belobranchus belobranchus).
Short Communication: The presence of Bull shark Carcharhinus leucas (Elasmobranchii: Carcharhinidae) in the fresh waters of Sumatra, Indonesia VERYL HASAN; Maheno Widodo
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 9 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210962

Abstract

Abstract. Hasan V, Widodo MS. 2020. Short Communication: The presence of Bull shark Carcharhinus leucas (Elasmobranchii: Carcharhinidae) in the fresh waters of Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4433-4439. A single subadult specimen of Bull shark Carcharhinus leucas was photographed and captured by local fisherman using casting net on June 2020 in the upper Indragiri River, Riau Province, Indonesia. Carcharhinus leucas are one of only a few species of elasmobranchs that live in both marine and freshwater environments. This species currently listed as a near-threatened species based on the IUCN Red List Status. Singel specimen identified as C. leucas by the coloration of fresh specimen: white belly and greyish back, first dorsal fin high, tip of second dorsal and caudal fins black. Meristic characters measurement results as follows: total length 102 cm; fork length 86.3 cm; preanal length 65.1 cm; pre pelvic length 51.9 cm; pre pectoral length 22.5 cm; pre-orbital length 8.3 cm; head length 25 cm; pre-first dorsal length 29.4 cm; pre-second dorsal length 56 cm, and pre-caudal length 78.1 cm. This photo is considered as the third record from freshwaters of Sumatra after in the Batang Hari River, Jambi Province in 1997, and in the Musi River, South Sumatra Province in 2019. The photographic records indicate that a single specimen of C. leucas was found in the upper Indragiri River recorded more than 150 km inland. These results enhanced the understanding of C. leucas distribution in Sumatra freshwaters. Monitoring is needed to assess the possibility of the importance of the upper Indragiri River as a migration route, nursery, and growth ground of C. leucas. Studying small scale habitat use of C. leucas is challenged by their preferred habitats in freshwaters environments with fast-changing environmental conditions. Water conditions in the upper Indragiri River, namely salinity 0‰, temperature 25-27°C, dissolved oxygen 3.9-11.1 mg/l, are ideal for A. leucas habitat.
Biology, morphology and damage of the lesser Coconut weevil, Diocalandra frumenti (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in southern Vietnam Ung Nguyen; THI-HIEN NGUYEN; NGUYEN-QUOC-KHANH CHAU; VAN-VANG LE; VAN-HAI TRAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 10 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211030

Abstract

Abstract. Nguyen HU, Nguyen TH, Chau NQK, Le VV, Tran VH. 2020. Biology, morphology and damage of the lesser coconut weevil, Diocalandra frumenti (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in southern Vietnam. Biodiversitas 21: 4686-4694. The lesser coconut weevil, Diocalandra frumenti, is an emerging pest of coconut trees in Vietnam. To help develop control options for D. frumenti, this study investigated its morphological and biological characteristics, and quantified damage levels on coconut trees. Results from the study showed that attack by D. frumenti on coconut trees is correlated with characteristic damage symptoms (e.g., oozing sap) on all maturity stages of coconut fruits throughout the year (24.7% infestation), with higher damage levels on young fruits (57.6%). Results also showed that infestation levels on trees (58.9%), coconut bunches (19.4%), and fruits (7.77%) varied greatly. Adults have four different morphologies, but genetic study showed that they are all one species. The life cycle from egg to adult averaged 167± 34.3 days. The average development time for eggs, larvae, female pupae, male pupae, male adults, and female adults was 5.62 ± 0.62, 142.3 ± 34.3, 9.79 ± 0.86, 10.2 ± 1.26, 81.5 ± 34.7, and 81.8 ± 37.2 days, respectively. In conclusion, D. frumenti is an important pest in coconut trees with significant fluctuations in the duration of its development stages, and variation in shape, color, and size of the eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults. They can attack any coconut orchard and have harmful impacts on coconut trees, coconut bunches, and fruits throughout the year.
Genetic diversity and morphological characteristics of native seashore paspalum in Indonesia Rahayu Rahayu; Fatimah Suwardjo; Ji Bae Eun; Geun Mo Yang; Soo Choi Joon
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211101

Abstract

Abstract. Rahayu, Fatimah, Bae EJ, Mo YG, Choi JS. 2020. Genetic diversity and morphological characteristics of native seashore paspalum in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4981-4989. Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) is a warm-season turfgrass indigenous to tropical and coastal areas worldwide. The objectives of this study were to measure the genetic diversity and genetic variation of Indonesian seashore paspalum germplasm. Three turf quality, six morphological characters, and ten SSR (microsatellite) markers were used to assess genetic relationships and genetic variation among 22 germplasm resources from Indonesia and one commercial variety (Salam) from United States of America. The results showed significant variation for five morphological characters among 23 tested seashore paspalum accessions. The cluster analysis of morphological characters of 23 seashore paspalum accessions using 0,6 cut off divided into three morphological types: tall high-density, intermediate, and dwarf low-density ecotype. The genetic variation revealed 22 alleles with average number of alleles per locus was 2 and polymorphism information content (PIC) values average was 0.33. The microsatellite marker cluster analysis showed that 23 seashore paspalum accessions were grouped into two major groups, with a genetic similarity coefficient was 0,72. The low level of genetic diversity occurred among Indonesia natural grass germplasm and the genetic distance was relatively low between Indonesian germplasm and Salam variety. The genetic diversity and morphological characteristics will be useful for further study and utilization of Indonesian seashore paspalum germplasm.

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