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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
 298   299   300   301   302 
Identification of pigment profiles and antioxidant activity of Rhizophora mucronata mangrove leaves origin Lembeh, North Sulawesi, Indonesia ANTONIUS PETRUS RUMENGAN; ELVI SISKA MANDIANGAN; Wendy Alexander Tanod; DARUS SAADAH JOHANIS PARANSA; CAROLUS PAULUS PARUNTU; DESY MARIA HELENA MANTIRI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 7 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220730

Abstract

Abstract. Rumengan AP, Mandiangan ES, Tanod WA, Paransa DSJ, Paruntu CP, Mantiri DMH. 2021. Identification of pigment profiles and antioxidant activity of Rhizophora mucronata mangrove leaves origin Lembeh, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2805-2816. Mangroves plants contain unique pigments which can serve both nutraceutical and pharmaceutical purpose. Therefore, this preliminary study aims to identify the pigment profiles of Rhizophora mucronata mangrove leaves (HPLC method) and to computationally evaluate the antioxidant mechanism of the pigments (PASS and STITCH analysis). Furthermore, it evaluated the antioxidant capacity of R. mucronata leaves extracts (DPPH method), and the pigment profiles detected using HPLC were chlorophyll a (68.61%), chlorophyll b (27.69%), lutein (29.94%), beta-carotene (14.05%), pheophytin a (8.72), violaxanthin (5.19%), and neoxanthin (3.65%). Beta-carotene, lutein, neoxanthin, and violaxanthin were predicted to have potential as antioxidants properties using PASS analysis. While neoxanthin and violaxanthin were predicted as free radical scavengers, beta-carotene was an Nrf-2 stimulant. The STITCH analysis showed that the pigments contained in the leaves interacted synergistically by activating as antioxidant enzymes and inhibiting the expression of oxidative stress proteins. The ethanol extract of R. mucronata leaves may be a potent antioxidant with an IC50 20.99 ± 0.33 µg/mL. Therefore, the pigment contained in R. mucronata leaves is a potential source of antioxidants.
Growth of three types of sengon (Paraserianthes spp.) in varying planting spaces in agroforestry system Frisilia Sopacua; NURHENI WIJAYANTO; DESTA WIRNAS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 10 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221035

Abstract

Abstract. Sopacua F, Wijayanto N, Wirnas D. 2021. Growth of three types of sengon (Paraserianthes spp.) in varying planting spaces in agroforestry system. Biodiversitas 22: 4423-4430. Sengon (Paraserianthes spp.) is a fast-growing tree species that is commonly cultivated in the agroforestry system by communities in Indonesia, mainly on Java Island. Among several types of sengon, Solomon sengon is currently gaining popularity due to the fast growth in height and stem diameter. Nonetheless, the spacing layout of selected sengon types is unclear, including Solomon sengon, which yields more optimal growth. This study aimed to examine the growth of three sengon types (i.e., Solomon F2, Solomon F1, and local Kendal) in three spacing patterns, namely 1.5x1.5m, 3x1.5m, and 3x3m. This research was conducted from October 2019 to January 2020 (three months) in the Cikabayan Forest, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, West Java. The parameters of sengon growth observed were plant height, height growth rate, stem diameter, stem diameter growth rate, tree volume, and canopy area. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA and continued with Duncan's. The results showed that all types of sengon had optimal growth in the agroforestry system at various spacings. The growth of Solomon F2 adapted well to denser spacings (1.5x1.5m and 1.5x3m) with the highest averages in plant height, stem diameter, volume, and canopy area of ??10.50 m, 8.65 cm, 0.36 m3, and 5.39 m2. Local Kendal had optimal growth at a wider spacing (3x3m) with the highest average stem diameter, volume, and canopy area of ??8.96 cm, 0.043 m3, and 1063 m2. While Solomon F1 adapted well to the three spacings with the highest average in plant height, the growth rate of plant height, stem diameter, volume, and canopy area of ??10.05 m, 1.54 m, 8.59 cm, 0.042 m2, and 2075.30 m2. In general, it can be concluded that the Solomon F1 sengon can adapt well to narrow distances or wide distances. While Solomon F2 is more recommended to be planted at a narrower distance and Kendal local sengon is more recommended to be planted at a wider distance to get optimal growth.
Fish disease study of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) in a floating marine cage: Endoparasite and blood profile DEWI HIDAYATI; ANNISAA RIZQI NURINDRA; NURLITA ABDULGANI; EDWIN SETIAWAN; NOVA MAULIDINA; NUR SYAHRONI; YEYES MULYADI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 10 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221044

Abstract

Abstract. Hidayati D, Nurindra AR, Abdulgani N, Setiawan E, Maulidina N, Syahroni N, Mulyadi Y. 2021. Fish disease study of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) in a floating marine cage: Endoparasite and blood profile. Biodiversitas 22: 4505-4511. The Indonesian government has multiple targets and priority programs to increase aquaculture productivity in 2021. Hence, the development of mariculture commodities such as Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) in one of the potential coastal areas, Sendang Biru, is strategic. However, sustainable productivity needs good management, including the health monitoring of fish. This study aimed to determine the condition of seabass under mariculture in a floating cage in Sendang Biru, Malang, Indonesia. Thirty seabass (Lates calcarifer) from 0 to 60 days after stocking age (ASE) were taken from a Sendang Biru floating cage. Blood and intestine samples were taken five times from day 0 to day 60 ASE. Blood samples were carried out through the caudal vein and observed using a hemocytometer. Endoparasite analysis was performed by fish intestine examination from the anterior intestine to the posterior rectum. Pseudoterranova and Diphyllobothrium were found with 10% and 3.33% prevalence, respectively. The intensity of Pseudoterranova was one individual/fish, and that of Diphyllobothrium was 2.33 individuals/fish. The highest mean of total erythrocyte count (TEC) found in 0 day ASE was at the level of 0.82±0.55×106 cells/mm3, and the lowest was found in 60 days ASE (0.51±0.24×106 cells/mm3). The highest mean of total leucocyte count (TLC) was 9.20±3.69x104 cells/mm3, at day 0, and leukocyte levels tended to decrease until day 60 ASE (7.74±3.43×104 cells/mm3). Overall, despite the TEC and TLC tending to decrease from 0 to 60 days ASE, in statistically indicated no significant differences in TLC at different ASEs (p > 0.05). The hematological profile indicated the health statuses of the cultured Asian seabass in the current study were in a condition of anemic and infected.
The commercial potential of forest trees as medicinal and health ingredients Syamsul Hidayat; Ervizal A.M. Zuhud; Didik Widyatmoko; Bahruni BAHRUNI; Irmanida Batubara
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 7 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220729

Abstract

Abstract. Hidayat S, Zuhud EAM, Widyatmoko D, Bahruni, Batubara I. 2021. The commercial potential of forest trees as medicinal and health ingredients. Biodiversitas 22: 2795-2804.  Indonesian forests contain many trees that belong to medicinal plants classified as non-timber forest products (NTFP). Although these plants have been used from generation to generation by several ethnic groups and even some of them have become commercial goods, many species have not received special attention in terms of their cultivation. This study aimed to explore the commercial value of forest trees as medicinal ingredients and obtain a recommended ranking for their cultivation. The method used was market surveys to herbal stores and questionnaires to experts related to medicinal plants. The results showed that there are 59 species of forest trees used as medicinal ingredients and health supplements. Cinnamomum burmanni, Morinda citrifolia, and Moringa oleifera have the most diverse commercial products in drugs and health stores. These three species also have active ingredients that potentially substitute for chemical drugs. Following the advice of medicinal plant experts, these three species are also included in the ten species recommended for immediate cultivation.
Comparative cytogenetic analysis of fishes in the genus Trichopodus (Osphronemidae) in Thailand WEERAYUTH SUPIWONG; Prayoon Wongchantra; WEERA THONGNETR; BOONYADA MINGKWAN; PATCHARAPORN CHAIYASAN; SITTHISAK PINMONGKHONKUL; KRIT PINTHONG; ALONGKLOD TANOMTONG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 7 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220757

Abstract

Abstract. Supiwong W, Wongchantra P, Thongnetr W, Mingkwan B, Chaiyasan P, Pinmongkhonkul S, Pinthong K, Tanomtong A. 2021. Comparative cytogenetic analysis of fishes in the genus Trichopodus (Osphronemidae) in Thailand. Biodiversitas 22: 3029-3036. Comparative cytogenetic study of four species of the genus Trichopodus including T. leerii, T. microlepis, T. pectoralis, and T. trichopterus from Thailand, was carried out. The specimens were collected from the Basins throughout Thailand. Chromosome preparation was directly performed from the kidney tissues. Conventional staining by Giemsa solution, Ag–NOR banding by silver nitrate solution and C-banding by NaOH solution were conducted to stain the chromosomes. Results showed that four species studied have the same diploid number and fundamental number as 46 composing of all telocentric chromosomes. Karyotypes consisting of large-medium-small sizes in T. leerii, T. microlepis, T. pectoralis and T. trichopterus were 16–28–2, 14–32–0, 20–26–0 and 10–30–6 chromosomes, respectively. The marker chromosomes which present the NOR positions are the single pair in all species but there are differences in the locations and pairs such as pairs no. 1, 7, 2 and 1, respectively. Most species except T. trichopterus, NOR sites locate at interstitial region adjacent to the centromere. T. trichopterus had the telomeric NORs. Constitutive heterochromatin blocks displayed at the centromeric/pericentromeric regions of all chromosomes in T. leerii and T. microlepis whereas in T. pectoralis and T. trichopterus, those presented at not only centromeres of several chromosome pairs, but they also were found at interstitial sites. The obtained finding, cytogenetic data has species-specific. Thus, it can be used for further study on taxonomy. Moreover, this data shows the close relationship of genetics among these species so that the application for breeding may be used in the future.
Genetic gain and relationship of yield and yield attributes of mutant and cross-bred stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) genotypes Suseno Amien; Haris Maulana; Dedi Ruswandi; Sarifah Nurjanah
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 8 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220805

Abstract

Abstract. Amien S, Maulana H, Ruswandi D, Nurjanah S. 2021. Genetic gain and relationship of yield and yield attributes of mutant and cross-bred stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) genotypes. Biodiversitas 22: 3119-3126. Plant breeding programs involved many traits and genetic parameters in the selection process. The information on genetic parameters on yield and other related traits provided an overview for breeders and farmers in selecting new superior genotypes. The purpose of this study was to estimate genetic parameters including heritability and genetic gains in yield and other traits, to determine the relationship between various traits, and to select superior stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) genotypes for each trait. Field experiments were carried out in two planting environments, namely, the highlands and the medium plains employing a randomized completed block design and each genotype was three replicates. The results showed that the yield had high heritability and genetic gains  ??in mutant populations, whereas cross-bred populations had moderate heritability and low genetic gains. Stem weight (SW) and number of leaves (NoL) traits were identified as having high heritability and genetic gains in both populations. The GT biplot measurement showed that the yield was identified to have a significant and positive correlation with SW (p<0.05). H4 was correlated with Number of branches (NoB), Yield, SW, and chlorophyll content (Chl) traits in the cross-bred populations. H9 excelled on and was correlated with NoL and plant height (PH). M11 was identified to be highly correlated with NoL, PH, NoB, and Chl traits in the mutant populations, while M15 excelled on and was correlated with yield and SW. The results of this study revealed that there was a potential for improvement in the traits tested of stevia through cross-bred and mutant populations in different environmental conditions. The selected genotypes can be developed in a suitable environment and used for further stevia plant breeding programs.  
Population estimation of freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus novaeguineae) and tree vegetation diversity at wildlife reserve of Mamberamo Foja, Papua, Indonesia SUHARNO SUHARNO; AKHMAD KADIR; EDWARD SEMBIRING; ASKHARI DG. MASIKI; TAUFIK MUBARAK; LUSIANA D. RATNAWATI; NAFLI LESSIL; DANIAL IDRIS; JOHAN G. IMBENAI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 7 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220745

Abstract

Abstract. Suharno, Kadir A, Sembiring E, Masiki AD, Mubarak T, Lessil N, Ratnawati LD, Idris D, Imbenai JG. 2021. Population estimation of freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus novaeguineae) and tree vegetation diversity at wildlife reserve of Mamberamo Foja, Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2928-2936. The structure and composition of vegetation in the conservation area have a major influence on the existence of other flora and fauna, including freshwater crocodiles (C. novaeguineae). Wildlife Reserve of Mamberamo Foja (WRMF) is a conservation area in Papua that aims to protect the habitat and existence of freshwater crocodiles. The purpose of this study was to estimate the number of freshwater crocodile populations and tree species diversity in the WRMF, Papua. The method used was a field survey. The crocodile survey was carried out using the spotlight night count method. Tree species diversity was assessed using the line-transect plot method in 6 different locations representing the Upper, Central, and Lower Mamberamo. The results of the investigation showed that the freshwater crocodile population in the WRMF was around 0.3-19.7 individuals per kilometer. The population of this freshwater crocodile was very high, with an average of 4.5 individuals per 1-kilometer distance. The highest population numbers were found in the upstream Mamberamo River area 6.22 ind./km, followed by the central Mamberamo (2.21 ind./km) and downstream Mamberamo area (2.05 ind./km). Crocodiles were found in the Mamberamo River and other river systems, such as swamps and lakes. The tree vegetation in this area is still relatively good, and there are 112 species, dominated by the Moraceae, Burseraceae, Myrtaceae, Rubiaceae, Lauraceae, Dipterocarpaceae, and Euphorbiaceae families. The results of this study are important as a basis for determining the conservation policy for freshwater crocodiles that have limited distribution.  
Investigating the prevalence of Bark beetles of Pinus halepensis in the North East semi-arid region of Algeria Lyès Moumeni; AMANDINE GASTEBOIS; LOUIZA GILLMANN; NICOLAS PAPON; FARIDA BENIA; JEAN-PHILIPPE BOUCHARA; MUSTAPHA BOUNECHADA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 7 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220724

Abstract

Abstract. Moumeni L, Gastebois A, Gillmann L, Papon N, Benia F, Bouchara J-P, Bounechada M. 2021. Investigating the prevalence of Bark beetles of Pinus halepensis in the North East semi-arid region of Algeria. Biodiversitas 22: 2755-2762. Aleppo pine is the most common tree in the semi-arid forests of Algeria. Despite its high resistance to drought and adaptability to all types of soils, the effects of climate change are affecting it directly and indirectly. Stressed trees indeed are subject to bark beetle attacks. In this study, we sampled the bark beetles directly from the affected pine trees. Six species belonging to the Scolytinae subfamily were identified. Tomicus detruens and Orthotomicus erosus were widely spread and present in the three studied forests, where they were found to colonize living trees while Crypturgus numidicus, Crypturgus mediterraneus, Hylurgus ligniperda and Hylurgus micklitzi colonized only dead trees. Together with future identification of the microfungi associated with these xylophagous insects, these data may help to define prevention measures to fight the decline of Aleppo pine forests observed in some parts of Eastern Algeria.
Identification of lipase producing bacteria from palm oil sewage sludge processing plant at Malimping, Banten, Indonesia Ika Rahmatul Layly; ANJA MERYANDINI; IS HELIANTI; RIKA INDRI ASTUTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 10 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221045

Abstract

Abstract. Layli IR, Meryandini A, Helianti I, Astuti RI. 2021. Identification of lipase-producing bacteria from palm oil sewage sludge processing plant at Malimping, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4512-4524. Lipase (triacylglycerol hydrolase E.C.3.1.1.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis reaction of triacylglycerol into free fatty acids and glycerols. Lipase has broad application spectrum and unique catalytic mechanism, as one of important enzymes for industries, and almost all enzymes used for industries are originated from microbes. Identification of lipase-producing bacteria from palm oil processing sewage sludge was carried out to determine the potential of isolates and the application of lipase enzymes for industry. This study identified lipase-producing bacteria from the screening and isolation results from palm oil sewage sludge in Malimping-Banten. Two isolates were obtained from screening and isolation results. The morphological and observation and Gram staining method resulted in mlp-1 colony isolate was Gram-negative with basil cell shape, while mlp-2 colony isolate was Gram-positive with basil cell shape. Qualitative test on two isolates in tributyrin agar showed that two isolates produced clear zone or lipase enzyme. Molecular identification using 16SrRNA sequence showed that mlp-1 colony isolate was Chryseobacterium gleum, while mlp-2 colony was Bacillus velezensis. Literature study stated that Chryseobacterium gleum are pathogenic bacteria, resulting in uncontinued identification process, while Bacillus velezensis are non-pathogenic bacteria that have potential for industrial application. Identification of Bacillus velezensis was continued by performing biochemical test and inhibitory test. The continued identification results supported the molecular identification of lipase-producing enzyme for Bacillus velezensis.
Physicochemical property of oil palm leaves and utilization of cellulose microfiber as probiotic encapsulant Usman Pato; DEWI FORTUNA AYU; EMMA RIFTYAN; FAJAR RESTUHADI; WASISSO TUNGGUL PAWENANG; ROYYAN FIRDAUS; ANNISA RAHMA; INGRID SURYANTI SURONO; IRWANDI JASWIR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 7 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220746

Abstract

Abstract. Pato U, Ayu DF, Riftyan E, Restuhadi F, Pawenang WT, Firdaus R, Rahma A, Surono IS, Jaswir I. 2021. Physicochemical property of oil palm leaves and utilization of cellulose microfiber as probiotic encapsulant. Biodiversitas 22: 2937-2944. The vast land of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) in Indonesia has a huge potential for oil palm solid waste, which can be used for various human needs. The physiochemical analysis performed was proximate analysis and fiber content, FTIR and X-ray diffraction analysis, an in vitro test on viability and resistance to acid and bile during storage at room and refrigerated temperatures. The main content of oil palm leaves was carbohydrates, especially fiber and followed by ash, protein, and fat. Fiber from oil palm leaves is mainly composed of lignin followed by cellulose and hemicellulose. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the crystal index of cellulose from oil palm leaves was 10.1%. FTIR analysis showed that the enormous absorption value, which was the stretching vibrations of the -OH group ranging from 2919.17 to 2914.82 cm-1. Cellulose microfiber from oil palm leaves maintained the viability of L. fermentum InaCC B 1295 for up to 28 d of storage at room and refrigerated temperatures. The survival of strain B1295 at low pH and presence of bile was very high, characterized by a decrease in the number of cells by less than 0.5 log CFU/mL during storage of 35 d at room and refrigerated temperatures. Therefore, Cellulose microfiber from oil palm leaves has the potential to be used as an encapsulant for probiotics.

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