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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Performance of cultured marine sponges-symbiotic bacteria as a heavy metal bio-adsorption ISMAIL MARZUKI; MUDYAWATI KAMARUDDIN; RASHEED AHMAD; RUZKIAH ASAF; RAKMAD ARMUS; IVONNE SISWANTY
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221237

Abstract

Abstract. Marzuki I, Ahmad R, Kamaruddin M, Asaf R, Armus R, Siswanty I. 2021. Performance of cultured marine sponges-symbiotic bacteria as a heavy metal bio-adsorption. Biodiversitas 22: 5536-5543. One source of heavy metal waste could be coming from industrial disposal. Contamination and accumulation of hazardous heavy metal waste are most likely to occur in water areas, It has become a global issue that urgently requires appropriate technology to address. Two marine sponge-symbiotic bacteria from the Spermonde islands, Indonesia, i.e., Bacillus cohnii strain DSM 6307 (BS) and Pseudomonas stutzeri RCH2 (PS), were used in this study. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism of heavy metal bio-adsorption of two sponge symbiotic bacteria by contact technique and are assessed their activity, capacity, and efficiency of bio-adsorption against different heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Ag, and Cd),. The bio-adsorption capacity was evaluated by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) after a predetermined contact time (4, 8, 12, and 16 days). The results demonstrated that two sponge symbiotic bacteria had bio-adsorption activities against eight different heavy metals. BS bacteria exhibited higher bio-adsorption capacity (Cr ? Zn ? Cu ? Fe ? Co ?Mn and Ag ? Cd) than that of PS bacteria (Zn ? Co ? Fe ? Mn ? Cu ? Cr and Cd ? Ag). The difference in the atomic number of heavy metals causes the characteristics of these metals to vary which affects the capacity and efficiency of bio-adsorption of sponge symbiotic bacteria to heavy metals.
Short Communication: Structure and composition of mangrove vegetation in Lembar bay area, West Lombok District, Indonesia SUKURYADI ABDILLAH; NUDDIN HARAHAB; MIMIT PRIMYASTANTO; ALFIAN PUJIAN HADI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221243

Abstract

Abstract. Sukuryadi, Harahab N, Primyastanto M, Hadi AP. 2021. Short Communication: Structure and composition of mangrove vegetation in Lembar bay area, West Lombok District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5585-5592. One of the potential natural resources of coastal areas in West Lombok District, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia is the 501.9-ha mangrove ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to analyze the structure and composition of mangroves in the Lembar bay area. The study used field observation methods based on predetermined plots. The results showed that the composition of mangroves in the Lembar Bay area consisted of Avicennia alba Bl, Avicennia marina (Forsk) Vierh, Bruguiera cylindrica (L) Bl, Ceriop decandra (Griff) Ding Hou, Ceriop tagal (Perr) C.B. Rob, Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voight, Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. Var, Phemphis acidula, Rhizhopora stylosa Griff, Rhizophora apiculata Bl, Rhizophora mucronata Lmk, and Sonneratia alba J.E. Smith. The mangrove vegetation at tree level was composed of 12 species dominated by Rhizhopora stylosa Griff and Rhizophora mucronata Lmk, with Importance Value Index (IVI) of 56.05 and 48.89, respectively, at sapling level 9 species dominated by Rhizhopora stylosa Griff, Bruguiera cylindrica, and Rhizophora mucronata, with IVI of 47.46, 33.33, and 31.07 respectively, and at the seedling level 7 species dominated by Rhizhopora stylosa Griff and Rhizophora mucronata Lmk, with IVI of 47.71 and 37.76, respectively.
Universal primer design for crustacean and bivalve-mollusc authenticity based on cytochrome-b gene: Universal primer for crustacean and bivalve-mollusc DWIYITNO DWIYITNO; STEFAN HOFFMAN; KOEN PARMENTIER; CHRIS VAN KEER
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230103

Abstract

Abstract. Dwiyitno D, Hoffman S, Parmentier K, Keer CV. 2021. Universal primer design for crustacean and bivalve-mollusc authenticity based on cytochrome-b gene. Biodiversitas 23: 17-24. Fish and seafood authenticity is important to support traceability practices and protect the public from economic fraud and adulteration. Molecular-based techniques of PCR are known as the most common methods for identifying seafood species. Nevertheless, these techniques rely on the appropriate primer set designed to amplify specific DNA fragments on targeted species. For efficiency application on a wide range of species, a universal primer set is more valuable than a specific primer. The present study developed universal primers, especially for identifying crustaceans and molluscs based on the cytochrome b mitochondrial DNA (Cyt b). The initial primer pair of CytBL1/CytBH originally designed for fish species was applicable to amplify the Cyt b gene on most selected fish samples, but not for crustacean and mollusc samples. Based on annealing profile, sequence evaluation (92-100% similarity), and RT-PCR analysis, the universal primer couple of CytBL1C/CytBHW designed in the present study potentially applied to identify crustacean and mollusc samples, especially shrimp and bivalve-mollusc.
Flowering ability and expression of the shLFY (shallot-LFY) gene in several Indonesian shallot (Allium cepa, aggregatum group) varieties JEKKI IRAWAN; DINY DINARTI; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO; AWANG MAHARIJAYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221230

Abstract

Abstract. Irawan J, Dinarti D, Sudarsono, Maharijaya A. 2021. Flowering ability and expression of the shLFY (shallot-LFY) gene in several Indonesian shallot (Allium cepa, aggregatum group) varieties. Biodiversitas 22: 5468-5474. Indonesian shallots (Allium cepa, Aggregatum group) have different flowering abilities. The direction of seed development in the form of true seed shallot (TSS) makes the study of shallot flowering important to support its breeding program. Flowering genes’ presence and their expression demonstrate their significance in inducing flowering. This study aimed to determine the ability of the shLFY gene expression in four shallots varieties (Bima Brebes, Batu Ijo, Biru Lancor, and Sumenep) and the level of expression in each variety during the formation of flower primordia. The research was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with varieties as a single factor, for qRT-PCR relative expression data analysis using ??CT comparative method. The results showed that there were differences in flowering ability and the expression value of the shLFY gene between the tested shallot varieties. These differences also were shown within each variety when the umbels of varying ages were tested. There was a positive correlation between the ability to flower and the shLFY gene expression value. The greater shLFY gene expression will be followed by greater flowering ability. Bima Brebes was the variety with the highest flowering ability (91.66%) and highest shLFY gene expression value between other varieties.  
An assessment of Sumatran elephant presences (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in Kotaagung Utara (Lampung, Indonesia) as a potential tourism attraction: - DELLA TIARA MONIK; AGUS SETIAWAN; YOB CHARLES; ELLY LESTARI RUSTIATI; YANYAN RUCIYANSAH; ZUFALDI ANWAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221222

Abstract

Abstract. Setiawan A, Monik DT, Charles Y, Lestari ER, Ruciyansah Y, Anwar Z. 2021. An assessment of Sumatran elephant presences (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in Kotaagung Utara (Lampung, Indonesia) as a potential tourism attraction. Biodiversitas 22: 5397-5407. Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan (KPH) Kotaagung Utara is a region of approximately 56.02 ha, consisting of 8.82% forest cover and 91.18% non-forest cover. This region has a high diversity of flora and fauna and has potential as a tourist destination with various and unique biophysical attractions. One of the special features of this location is the presence of Sumatran elephants [Elephas maximus sumatranus (Temminck, 1847)]. Wild elephants in KPH are a tourism potential that can be developed to become a tourism attraction. The objectives of this research were to find out the elephant home ranges and the right window of time to observe the Sumatran elephants and assess safety, security, and convenience considerations for visitors to observe wild elephants. The method used in the research was an observation, and the results were qualitative data. The data collection’s elephants movement through the use of GPS Collar from 2017-2020. The study identified that there are 16 wild elephants known as the Bunga group. The elephants can be observed from 7:30 to 12:00 am or 3:00 to 6:00 pm, with a duration of 3 hours per day. Steps can be taken to increase visitor’s safety, security and convenience with the building of a treehouse, evacuation route, use of binoculars, and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
The undergrowth composition and distribution in different forest area utilization SIMON H. SIDABUKKE; Ternala Alexander Barus; Budi Utomo; Delvian Delvian
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221203

Abstract

Abstract. Sidabukke SH, Barus TA, Utomo B, Delvian. 2021. The undergrowth composition and distribution in different forest area utilization. Biodiversitas 22: 5255-5261. Forests provide natural raw materials to support various human activities and also demonstrate a wide range of biodiversity, both in terms of wildlife and plants. Based on biological resources, undergrowth species form a significant portion of the forest ecosystems and have overgrown the typical wooden plants. These ground cover/undergrowth groups are known to exhibit diverse complexities and a type of basic vegetation existing under the forest stands. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the composition and distribution of undergrowth species in each forest area designation, including industrial, protected and natural forests. The plot technique was employed, with an area of 2 m x 2 m. This involves a total of 480, 224 and 96 plots in the industrial plantations, protected and natural forest areas, respectively. Also, the entire plants in the measuring plot were recorded, starting from the sprouts up to 1.5 m high. Subsequently, the important value index (IVI) and Morisita index methods were applied in the data analysis. The results showed the occurrence of 98, 57 and 33 undergrowth species in industrial, protected as well as in natural forests, correspondingly. Based on the important value index calculations, Sintrong species (Crassocephalum crepidioides) reported the maximum IVI (31.587%) in industrial forest plantations, alongside Senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum) and Paku Wangi (Phymatosorus scolependria) in the protected areas (29.951%) and natural forests (29.551%), respectively. Furthermore, the Morisita index indicated that the undergrowth distribution pattern for the three areas was clustered, uniform and random, but with varying percentages. However, only two distribution patterns, including random and clustered were peculiar to the natural forests.
Heteropneustes fuscus (Siluriformes: Heteropneustidae), a new catfish species from Kerala, India: NIL Mathews Plamoottil
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230112

Abstract

Abstract. Plamoottil M. 2021. Heteropneustes fuscus (Siluriformes: Heteropneustidae), a new catfish species from Kerala, India. Biodiversitas 22: 87-98. Heteropneustes fuscus, a new catfish species, is described from Kerala, India; it is a close congener of Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) described from Tranquebar in Tamil Nadu. Heteropneustes fuscus has been misidentified as H. fossilis until now, but it differs from Bloch's species in color and many other rigid taxonomic variables. The new species can be distinguished from its relative species in the following combination of characters: deep black body and fins, 4-5 branched dorsal-fin soft rays, 72-75 anal fin rays, 58-60 total vertebrae, 26-32 total gill rakers; deeper and wider body; deeper caudal peduncle; greater pre occipital and post occipital distances and longer anal fin. The new fish is edible and found in freshwater rivers, streams, ponds and paddy fields in Kerala. It is also cultivated in some artificial impoundments. Heteropneustes fuscus is compared with its congeners, scientifically named and taxonomically described.
Seed germination evaluation of Phalaenopsis amabilis in various media for long-term conservation DWI MURTI PUSPITANINGTYAS; ELIZABETH HANDINI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 11 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221162

Abstract

Abstract. Puspitaningtyas DM, Handini E. 2021. Seed germination evaluation of Phalaenopsis amabilis in various media for long-term conservation. Biodiversitas 22: 5231-5238. Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume (moon orchid) is one of Indonesia's national flowers, which is mentioned in Presidential Decree No. 4/1993. Study on the orchid seed of P. amabilis was conducted to observe the longevity of seeds storage. The purpose of this study was to determine the viability of P. amabilis seeds after storage for years, then to predict the life span of the seeds, and to find out the best media germination for P. amabilis seeds. After harvesting, P. amabilis seeds were stored at –20 °C and the germination tests were carried out periodically in different periods until the seeds lose their viability to determine the optimum conditions for long-term seed storage. Four trial media cultures have been used to test seed germination by means of in vitro culture. The result showed that seeds of P. amabilis were able to germinate in 4 media i.e. Knudson C, modified Knudson C, modified Vacin & Went and modified leaf fertilizer. The best germination was on leaf fertilizer medium. Based on the research showed that the viability seeds of P. amabilis decreased sharply after 6 years stored. By using regression analysis, the life span of the seeds could be predicted can reach 9 years of storage which is sowing on the best media (leaf fertilizer).
Utilization of sheep dung and rice straw with indigenous microbial agent to optimize vermicompost production and quality YULI ASTUTI HIDAYATI; SITI NURACHMA; DEDEN ZAMZAM BADRUZZAMAN; EULIS TANTI MARLINA; ELLIN HARLIA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221227

Abstract

Abstract. Hidayati YA, Nurachma S, Badruzzaman DZ, Marlina ET, Harlia E. 2021. Utilization of sheep dung and rice straw with indigenous microbial agent to optimize vermicompost production and quality. Biodiversitas 22: 5445-5451. Sheep dung is a useful by product that can be potentially processed into more useful products with minimal pollution. Vermicomposting is a waste processing method that produces Solid Organic Fertilizer and worm biomass as the raw materials for drugs and cosmetics. This research aimed to utilize the role of indigenous fungi and bacteria to determine the influence of C/N ratio from sheep dung and rice straw mixture on vermicompost quality (N, P, K, Ca, Mg). This experimental research was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design with three treatments (T1: C/N ratio of 25; T2: C/N ratio 30; T3: C/N ratio 35) and six replicates for each treatment. Data so obtained were analyzed with ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that C/N ratio had a noticeable influence on vermicompost quality. C/N ratio 30 produced the highest vermicompost quality (N: 1.11 ± 023381%; P: 0.56 ± 0.010328 %; K: 0.51 ± 0.021369 %; Ca: 0.33 ± 0.0248 %; Mg: 0.14 ± 0.0228%).
Habitat preferences of wild orchids in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park to model their suitable habitat in South Sulawesi, Indonesia EKA MARTHA DELLA RAHAYU; SAFRAN YUSRI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230106

Abstract

Abstract. Rahayu EMD, Yusri S. 2021. Habitat preferences of wild orchids in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park to model their suitable habitat in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 43-54. Wild orchids are mainly threatened by habitat degradation and over-exploitation. Orchid conservation requires information regarding its distribution and suitable habitat, and factors affecting it. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and habitat preferences of orchids in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia, and to predict the habitat suitability map of orchids in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The survey was conducted in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park to collect data on orchid occurrences along with microhabitat characteristics (altitude, light, temperature, substrate thickness, and vertical distribution). ERGo Datasets Landforms and Physiography, SRTM elevation, NDVI derived from LANDSAT 8 OLI were used in Google Earth Engine to obtain macrohabitat data. Microhabitat preference of environmental data was averaged for each variable and further explored with Canonical Correlation Analysis. Suitable habitat was modeled with Maxent using occurrences and environmental data. The survey found 26 epiphytic orchid species and 22 phorophyte species. Orchids were found at an altitude from 514 m to 933 m above sea level. Altitude is the most discriminant factor in determining orchids’ distribution in the study area. The Maxent analysis showed that the suitable habitat of orchids comprises of 3,554.952 km2 area which is mainly located in lowland rainforest with high topographic diversity, preferably warm slope, and ridges. Since lower slope and lowland areas are not protected, community-based conservation such as social forestry can become one of the alternative solutions for in situ conservation of orchids. For ex-situ conservation, integrated orchid conservation in botanic gardens should be prioritized.

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