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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Food, medicinal plants, and homemade beverages, used as a response to the pandemic in Ethiopia: Response of Ethiopian communities to COVID-19 pandemic MOA MEGERSA; GETU DIDA; FEKADU GADISSA; AYALEW SEBSIBE; ABIGIYA GERMAME; GETU ALEMAYEHU; BERHANU KEBEDE; DEREJE BEKELE; SHIFERAW BELACHEW
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230450

Abstract

Abstract. Megersa M, Dida G, Gadissa F, Sebsibe A, Germame A, Alemayehu G, Kebede B, Bekele D, Belachew S. 2022. Food, medicinal plants, and homemade beverages, used as a response to the pandemic in Ethiopia. Biodiversitas 23: 2146-2155. SARS-CoV-2, which is responsible for an infectious disease called COVID-19, significantly impacted the global community, including Ethiopia. Meanwhile, people responded to the disease in various ways using available household materials. These include food, medicinal plants, and household beverages used for preventing and curing symptoms of COVID-19. Thus, the present study was initiated to assess these foods, medicinal plants, and beverages used in Ethiopia during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used a web-based survey and phone call to collect data related to food, medicinal plants, and beverages used during COVID-19 by emphasizing medicinal plants. The questionnaire was created through Google Form and circulated through social media such as Facebook, Telegram, and Whatsapp. A total of 680 respondents took part in the survey. Relative citation frequencies (RFC) were calculated to assess popular medicinal plants used to prevent or mitigate the disease. A total of 53 medicinal plants used to prevent and cure COVID-19 distributed to 24 families were recorded. Leaves (30%) were the most frequently utilized plant part. The respondents indicated that they were using medicinal plants for COVID-19 prevention at least once a day, accounting for (41.3%). Most of them recommended using medicinal plants to prevent the disease. Relative frequency of citation (RFC) indicated that Zingiber officinale Roscoe was the most popular medicinal plant used during the pandemic. Apart from medicinal plants, foods and beverages were also frequently used during the pandemic. The majority of respondents (49.6%) mentioned that local communities were their source of information. Respondents also indicated the use of the medicinal plant has increased during the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic claiming that they have the potential to prevent and cure COVID-19. However, this should not be considered a panacea since the effectiveness of these medicinal plants, foods, and beverages has not been confirmed.
Cartography and spatial distribution of the genus Pistacia in Souk Ahras, Northeast Algeria ALI ABDELMOTALAB BAROUR; MOUNDJI TAOUARFIA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230134

Abstract

Abstract. Barour AA. 2021. Cartography and spatial distribution of the genus Pistacia in Souk Ahras, Northeast Algeria. Biodiversitas 23: 286-290. In 2020, a study mapped two species of the genus Pistacia, viz. Pistacia atlantica Desf. and Pistacia vera L. in the Wilaya of Souk Ahras situated in the northeast of Algeria. The study was based on the determination of the geographic coordinates of each individual and mapping their spatial distribution by using MapInfo Pro 12.0.2 software. The results showed that Atlas Pistachio was mainly distributed over four localities viz. Batoum, Ben Attia, Sidi Fredj and Ouled Moumen. However, the Pistachio nut species were distributed over two localities in the south of the Wilaya of Souk Ahras, viz. Ben Attia and Sidi Fredj. The locality of Ben Attia was characterized by a more or less random distribution of trees, mostly young plants. At thr same time, the structure was heterogeneous across the other stations, with the dominance of large and old trees. The spacing between the trees of the Atlas Pistachio varied from one region to another, ranging from 3 to 189 m. At the Ouled Moumen area, the distribution of wild Pistachio trees formed circles with very close distances between neighboring feet. On the other hand, the trees were spaced and distributed in a linear manner across the other stations.
Inventory of Annonaceae in Abasig-Matogdon-Mananap Natural Biotic Area, Camarines Norte, Bicol, Philippines ANNE RETUERMA-DIONEDA; GRECEBIO JONATHAN D. ALEJANDRO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230457

Abstract

Abstract. Retuerma-Dioneda A, Alejandro GJD. 2022. Inventory of Annonaceae in Abasig-Matogdon-Mananap Natural Biotic Area, Camarines Norte, Bicol, Philippines. Biodiversitas 23: 2213-2224. The Abasig-Matogdon-Mananap Natural Biotic Area (AMMNBA) is a protected area home to endemic plants; however, Annonaceae remains understudied. The study provided a checklist of Annonaceae species in the area and their taxonomic keys, endemicity and conservation status. Field surveys were conducted in January 2020 and July 2021 in San Vicente and Labo, Camarines Norte. The 110 species identified belong to 11 genera- Artabotrys, Drepananthus, Fissistigma, Friesodielsia, Goniothalamus, Meiogyne, Monoon, Phaeanthus, Polyalthia, Popowia, and Uvaria and five (5) tribes: Ambaviodeae, Annoneae, Miliuseae, Uvarieae, and Xylopieae. Four (4) endemic species were recorded: Friesodielsia lanceolata, Polyalthia luzonensis, Polyalthia lanceolata and Goniothalamus elmeri. This study provides baseline information on Annonaceae species in AMMNBA for appropriate conservation policies and proper management of the potential economic benefits.
Positive reinforcement conditioning as Sumatran tiger's (Panthera tigris sumatrae) social enrichment at Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation Rescue Centre, Lampung, Indonesia GENOVEVA KIRANAPUTRI; LUTHFIRALDA SJAHFIRDI; LIGAYA ITA TUMBELAKA; ARI YANA; SADMOKO KUSUMO PRIYANTO; LESTY YULIETA ANGGARSARI; MARIZAL MARIZAL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230107

Abstract

Abstract. Kiranaputri G, Sjahfirdi L, Tumbelaka LITA, Yana A, Priyanto SK, Anggarsari LY, Marizal. 2021. Positive reinforcement conditioning as Sumatran tiger's (Panthera tigris sumatrae) social enrichment at Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation Rescue Centre, Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 55-61. Tiger individuals are translocated to ex-situ conservations due to human-tiger conflicts and may express behavioral change (stereotypic) in captivity. Furthermore, medical check-up routines may cause injury and stress between tiger and operators under tough circumstances. Positive reinforcement conditioning (PRC) is a well-known method to minimize the risks on medical examination and as social enrichment. Therefore, the purposes of this research are (i) to examine PRC on tiger's blood sample collections and (ii) the correlation between physiological stress and tiger's stereotypic behavior (SB) through the neutrophil per lymphocyte ratio (N/L ratio) method. Four Sumatran tigers’ (1 female, 3 males) behavior were observed using focal animal sampling at Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation Rescue Centre, Lampung, Indonesia. Each baseline and post-enrichment tiger's behavioral observations were conducted for 1.920 minutes (1 male & 1 female) and 960 minutes (2 males). Then SB was categorized into low (<33,33%), intermediate (33,34-66,66%) or high (>66,67%). Blood collections (BC) were conducted twice (1st without PRC and 2nd with PRC) directly on the tiger after the behavior observation. Tiger's physiological stress during BC was analyzed with Wilcoxon. The correlation between physiological stress and SB was analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis. All tigers’ N/L ratios were in normal value from this present research during both BC. The tigers did not show chronical stress as long this research was conducted. PRC was significantly effective to reduce tiger physiological stress during BC (Z= -0,730, P= 0,465 < 0,05). All tigers showed low (<33,33%) pacing SB (without fur-plucking, self-biting, and self-mutilation behavior) both in baseline and post-enrichment. Any fur-plucking, self-biting & self-mutilation behaviors were not observed. Physiological stress was not correlated to SB ( = 3, P= 0,392 > 0,05). The PRC was an appropriate and effective tool to handle Sumatran tigers during BC. These tigers performed SB as a coping mechanism in the enclosure.
Distribution of phytobenthosis in the presence of an invasive alga Caulerpa cylindracea on the Algerian west coast MALIKA GHELLAI; MOHAMMED EL AMINE BACHIR BOUIADJRA; LAHOUARI DAHLOUM; AHMED MEGHARBI; BENABDALLAH BACHIR BOUIADJRA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221250

Abstract

Abstract. Ghellai M, Bachir-Bouiadjra MEA, Dahloum L, Megharbi A, Bachir-Bouiadjra B. 2021. Distribution of phytobenthosis in the presence of an invasive alga Caulerpa cylindracea on the Algerian west coast. Biodiversitas 22: 5644-5653. We have targeted and followed the speed of expansion of Caulerpa cylindracea Sonder 1845 through visiting sixteen sites on the Algerian west coast, out in five provinces which are; Tlemcen, Aïn Témouchent, Oran, Mostaganem and Chlef, where it was listed in eight stations; the coastal lines of Oran and Mostaganem, and in a single station in the province of Aïn Témouchent. The phytosociological surveys were established, made it possible to see the frequency of each identified taxon, mentioning a high degree of disturbance in the appearance of benthic macrophytes regarding the dominance of the invasive species. The calculation of the Shannon index and equitability identify the ecological state of the sites, varies from average (H’ around 3.29 for sites little and not invaded by Caulerpa) to poor (H’: 1.74 for Salamandre), with low macrophytic biodiversity (0.4?E?0.64). The calculation of the Caulerpa racemosa (ICar) index on sandy to rocky substrates with algae does not appear to be a limiting factor for the spread of the invasive species. The previous analyses were validated statistically using Factorial correspondence analysis (FCA), Ascending hierarchical classification (AHC), Principal component analysis (PCA), justifying the unbalanced state according to the degrees of pollution.
Biomass, pigment production, and nutrient uptake of Chlorella sp. under different photoperiods Muhammad Fakhri; ENDAR RIYANI; ARNING WILUJENG EKAWATI; NASRULLAH BAI ARIFIN; Ating Yuniarti; Yuni Widyawati; Indra Kurniawan Saputra; Pratama Diffi Samuel; Muchlis Zainudin Arif; Anik Martinah Hariati
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221215

Abstract

Abstract. Fakhri M, Riyani E, Ekawati AW, Arifin NB, Yuniarti A, Widyawati Y, Saputra IK, Samuel PD, Arif MZ, Hariati AM. 2021. Biomass, pigment production, and nutrient uptake of Chlorella sp. under different photoperiods. Biodiversitas 22: 5344-5349. Chlorella sp. is well-known as a functional feed in fish culture and has been utilized in the food industry. In phototrophic cultivation, photoperiod plays a fundamental part in the growth and pigment content of microalgae. This work was purposed to evaluate the effect of light:dark cycle on the growth rate, production of biomass and pigment and nutrient utilization of Chlorella sp. Four photoperiods (8:16, 12:12, 18:6, and 24:0 h light:dark regimes) under a constant light intensity of 4500 lux were applied in this study. The results demonstrated that increasing light duration led to increased cell growth, biomass, and pigment production of Chlorella sp. The best cell concentration, specific growth rate, and biomass production were 28.5 x 106 cells mL-1, 1.47 day-1, and 0.815 g L-1 dry weight, respectively, under continuous illumination. The maximum chlorophyll a of 19.205 mg L-1 and carotenoid of 4.656 mg L-1 were obtained at 24:0 h photoperiod. The highest uptake of nitrate (66.331%) and phosphate (76.191%) by Chlorella sp. were achieved under 24 h light regime. Improving the uptake of nutrients resulted in enhanced growth and pigment content of Chlorella sp. We conclude that continuous illumination is the best photoperiod to produce biomass and pigment and improve the nutrient removal of Chlorella sp.
Comparative diurnal and seasonal variations of ACTH, cortisol and aldosterone in Ouled Djellal and D’Man sheep breeds reared in arid lands assia AMOKRANE-FERRAH; ASSIA ANANE; NOURIA BOUKENAOUI-FERROUK; MOUNIRA KHALDOUN; ZAINA AMIRAT; PIERRE MORMEDE; FARIDA KHAMMAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230140

Abstract

Abstract. Amokrane-Ferrah A, Annane A, Ferrouk-Boukenaoui N, Khaldoun M, Amirat Z, Mormede P, Khammar F. 2021. Comparative diurnal and seasonal variations of ACTH, cortisol and aldosterone in Ouled Djellal and D’Man sheep breeds reared in arid lands. Biodiversitas 23: 388-395. This study aimed to explore the diurnal and seasonal variations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol and aldosterone, main hormones involved in adaptation to the harsh climate of the Sahara Desert in two breeds of sheep (Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758), Ouled Djellal rams (seasonal breeder) and D'Man (no seasonal breeder). Blood samples were taken every hour for 24 hours during equinoxes and solstices. Plasma ACTH levels were similar in the two breeds, with higher levels in the morning and a seasonal rhythm characterized by lower levels and dampened diurnal cycle in winter. In most experimental conditions, plasma cortisol levels showed no circadian rhythm but marked ultradian variations. The seasonal cortisol rhythm was different from the ACTH rhythm and characterized by lowest levels at equinoxes and highest levels in summer. Mean cortisol levels were higher in Ouled Djellal than in the D’Man breed, which may favor better robustness of Ouled Djellal sheep. Plasma aldosterone levels were characterized by diurnal variations with an acrophase around midnight, with large differences across breeds and seasons. In contrast to cortisol, the seasonal rhythm of plasma aldosterone showed the highest levels at equinoxes and lowest at solstices. These changes can be driven by environmental conditions and exceptionally high summer temperatures.
Effects of harvest period, storage, and genotype on postharvest physiological deterioration responses in cassava Rika Sri Rachmawati; Nurul Khumaida; Sintho Wahyuning Ardie; Dewi Sukma; Sudarsono Sudarsono
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230113

Abstract

Abstract. Rahmawati RK, Khumaida N, Ardie SW, Sukma D, Sudarso. 2021. Effects of harvest period, storage, and genotype on postharvest physiological deterioration responses in cassava. Biodiversitas 23: 100-109. Postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) is the major constraint in cassava root production. The breeding program to develop PPD tolerant cassava varieties requires a long period to complete. Although it is the first step in breeding for PPD tolerance, evaluating cassava germplasm responses for the PPD remains a major problem because it is a laborious process, and the evaluation often contains a high experimental error. This study aims to develop methods for evaluating PPD response, i.e., evaluating the effects of two harvest periods and storage on PPD responses of nine cassava genotypes. The developed scoring system based on cassava root discoloration could group the evaluated cassava genotypes into either PPD tolerant, medium tolerant, or sensitive. The tolerant varieties showed less than 10% root discoloration areas, while the medium tolerant was between 11-20%, and the sensitive was larger than 20%, respectively. ADR-24 and GJ-11 were identified as PPD tolerant, while ML-19 was sensitive using the developed scoring system. This study showed that PPD is a complex phenomenon associated with genetics and environmental factors. Root dry matter content and maximum root diameter traits may play an important role in PPD development in cassava. We have developed procedures for identifying genotype responses to PPD and showed that cassava roots harvested as early as eight months after planting and stored as late as five days under the control relative humidity were good conditions for studying PPD. Evaluating the percentages of root discoloration was a good measure for PPD response prediction. Moreover, we showed that less than 10%, 20%, and more than 20% of root discoloration might be used to group cassava into PPD tolerant, medium tolerant, and sensitive for Indonesian accessions. Therefore, the methods developed in this study may support the Indonesian cassava breeding program and provide biochemical and molecular analysis materials to elaborate the mechanisms of PPD in cassava roots.
Pollen morphology of subfamily Malvoideae (Malvaceae sensu lato) in Thailand SURAPON SAENSOUK; PIYAPORN SAENSOUK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221249

Abstract

Abstract. Saensouk S, Saensouk P. 2021. Pollen morphology of subfamily Malvoideae (Malvaceae sensu lato) in Thailand. Biodiversitas 22: 5633-5643. The pollen morphology of 19 species with eight variants and ten genera of subfamily Malvoideae (Malvaceae sensu lato) were investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen was monad, spheroidal shaped and 45.64-168.00 µm in size. The pollen grains of all species were pantoporate. All pollen had radial symmetry and were apolar. The spines pollen grain of the subfamily Malvoideae in Thailand can be divided into six types. The arrangement of spines on pollens in this study can be divided into two groups. The pollen had various exine sculptures (granulate, microreticulate, and subpsilate). Spines were found to be echinate, baculate, and spinule. Pollen size, aperture, exine sculpture and spine index can be used as characters to identify the subfamily Malvoideae species. Therefore, a key to the 19 species with eight variants and ten genera of subfamily Malvoideae in this study based on pollen morphology was provided. Eight species were studied for their pollen morphology for the first time.
The growth of Paraserianthes falcataria at three different plant ages and soil thickness classes on reclamation sites of post-coal mining areas in East Kalimantan, Indonesia MULYADI MULYADI; DADDY RUHIYAT; MARLON IVANHOE AIPASSA; SIGIT HARDWINANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230427

Abstract

Abstract. Mulyadi, Ruhiyat D, Aipassa MI, Hardwinanto S. 2022. The growth of Paraserianthes falcataria at three different plant ages and soil thickness classes on reclamation sites of post-coal mining areas in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1930-1937. Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen syn. Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes) is a fast-growing species commonly used for reclamation of post-coal mining areas in East Kalimantan. The study aimed to determine the impact of different thicknesses of topsoil applied at some reclamation sites after coal mining activities on the growth of P. falcataria. Three coal mining companies were chosen as study areas, i.e., PT Bukit Baiduri Energi (BBE), PT. Mahakam Sumber Jaya (MSJ), and PT. Kaltim Prima Coal (KPC). The regolith soil layer at the reclamation site had three thickness classes (0-10 cm, 0-30 cm, 0-100 cm), and the P. falcataria growing on reclamation had three ages, i.e.,< 2 yrs old (initial growth phase), 2-5 yrs old (tending phase), and > 5 yrs old (independent growth phase). The number of surviving plants, plant height, and plant stem’s diameter were recorded, and the data were analyzed using ANOVA and the least significant difference at 5% level. The results showed that no significant difference in the number of trees among different ages of P. falcataria plantation was found at MSJ. In contrast, at BBE and KPC the number of surviving trees decreased significantly with the increasing plant age. The growth of the plant (height, diameter) increased significantly along with plant age in all sites. The interaction between the top soiling thickness factor and plant age factor produced no different result in plant growth except for plant height at BBE. The P. falcataria plants had not been able to lower the surface soil density in the land reclamation area.

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