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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
 327   328   329   330   331 
Morphological responses of six sorghum varieties on cadmium-contaminated soil NUR AZIZAH USWATUN HASANAH; EDI PURWANTO; PUJI HARSONO; SAMANHUDI SAMANHUDI; AMALIA TETRANI SAKYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240729

Abstract

Abstract. Hasanah NAU, Purwanto E, Harsono P, Samanhudi, Sakya AT. 2023. Morphological responses of six sorghum varieties on cadmium-contaminated soil. Biodiversitas 24: 3903-3915. Six sorghum varieties were planted on cadmium-contaminated soil and characterized from April to July 2020 at a rice field in Balecatur Gamping, Yogyakarta. The objectives of this experiment were to characterize themorphological responses of six sorghum varieties and select a variety with a high biomass and Cd uptake fora potential phytoremediator. This experiment used six sorghum varieties, namely Super-1, Samurai-1, Suri-3, Numbu, Kawali, and Hitam, following completely randomized design procedures with four replications. The observation of morphological and agronomical characteristics focused on ten plants as the sample of each plot. The result showed that there were differences in the morphological and agronomical characteristics among six sorghum varieties. Varieties were assessed in terms of distinctness and grouped based on the time of panicle emergence, plant height, panicle shape, and caryopsis color. There were threeclasses as follows: Class 1, i.e., time of panicle emergence: very early (Super-1, Suri-3, Numbu, and Hitam); plant height: long (Super-1), medium (Suri-3), short (Numbu and Hitam); panicle shape: panicle broader in the upper part (Numbu), symmetrical (Super-1 and Suri-3), pyramidal (Hitam); caryopsis color: white (Super-1), grayish orange (Suri-3 and Hitam), yellowish orange (Numbu). Class 2, time of panicle emergence: early (Samurai-1); plant height: medium (Samurai-1); panicle shape: panicle broader in the lower part (Samurai-1); caryopsis color: yellowish orange (Samurai-1). Class 3, time of panicle emergence: medium (Kawali); plant height: medium (Kawali); panicle shape: panicle broader in the lower part (Kawali); caryopsis color: yellowish white (Kawali). Assessment of agronomical characteristics revealed that fresh plant weight had a significant positive correlation with plant height R1, plant height R5, stem diameter, leaf bladewidth, thousand-grain weight, and stem sugar content. Several varieties, namely Super-1, Samurai-1 and Kawali, were found to have excellent agronomical characteristics to provide a solid varietal basis for selecting varieties as phytoremediators.
Molecular characteristic on intra-species of Metroxylon sagu from Papua, Indonesia by nad2 and matK genes Barahima Abbas; NOUKE LENDA MAWIKERE; IHWAN TJOLLI; MUNARTI MUNARTI; MUHAMMAD ARSYAD
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221210

Abstract

Abstract. Abbas B, Mawikere NL, Tjolli I, Arsyad M, Munarti. 2021. Molecular characteristic on intra-species of Metroxylon sagu from Papua, Indonesia by nad2 and matK genes. Biodiversitas 22: 5302-5310. Sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) is a palm that is capable accumulated a lot of starch for food in the trunk. The molecular characterization of sago palm is very important as identities of biological existence in the certain areas. This study aimed to reveal molecular characteristic on intra-species of M. sagu from Papua based on NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (nad2) gene and maturase K (matK) gene. 15 accessions were used in this study. Sequences of nad2 gene on some accessions of M. sagu were shown that no differences. The nad2 gene on some accessions of M. sagu was inferred only one haplotype and the matK gene were inferred two haplotypes. The highest frequencies of the nucleotide in both nad2 and matK gene were calculated thymine (T). The amino acid leucine was the most common, accounting for 11.44% of haplotype-1 and 11.50% of haplotype-2. The amino acids alanine, cysteine, and methionine have the lowest rates, with 1.99% for haplotype-1 and 2.00% for haplotype-2. The evolutionary relationships were shown no mutation rates occur in the nad2 gene and lower mutation rates occur in the matK gene on M. sagu. Based on the genotype-2 (Sagu01, Sagu02, Sagu08, Sagu12, and Sagu15) is proposed to be new variety.
Potential of dadiah kapau from Agam District, West Sumatra, Indonesia as a source of probiotics for health ELLY ROZA; SALAM N. ARITONANG; YULIA YELLITA; HILDA SUSANTY; RIZQAN RIZQAN; YUDHA ENDRA PRATAMA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230161

Abstract

Abstract. Roza E, Aritonang SN, Yellita Y, Susanty H, Rizqan, Pratama YE. 2021. Potential of dadiah kapau from Agam District, Indonesia as a source of probiotics for health. Biodiversitas 23: 564-571. Dadiah is a fermented product of buffalo milk prepared in a bamboo container as a traditional food in the Minangkabau tribe of West Sumatra, Indonesia. This study aimed to identify lactic acid bacteria that are potentially probiotics from dadiah products. The method used in this research includes an experimental survey with descriptive data analysis. The dadiah used in this study was taken from dadiah breeders and processors in Nagari Kapau, Agam District, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Tests for selection of probiotic candidates included macroscopic and microscopic observations, catalase test, fermentative type, resistance to gastric acid (pH 3), resistance to bile salts, antimicrobial activity using test bacteria Escherichia coli O157, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella sp. Molecular identification was carried out by using 16S rRNA to determine the relationship of species using MEGA version 7.0 application. The study results revealed that the total colonies of dadiah kapau lactic acid bacteria were 128 x 108 CFU/g, and 12 isolates were obtained from the isolation results. Catalase negative for 12 isolates and 9 homofermentative types and 3 including heterofermentative types. Tests for resistance to gastric acid (pH 3) and bile salt resistance, the best viability was 84.61% and 86.51% respectively. The best antimicrobial activity showed a clear zone against the test bacteria E. coli O157, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and Salmonella sp. The phylogenetic analysis of the sequencing results shows that the dadiah kapau lactic acid bacteria are closely related to Lactobacillus plantarum.
Behavior of the black flying fox, Pteropus alecto (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in cages TILTJE ANDRETHA RANSALELEH; INDYAH WAHYUNI; MARTHA KAWATU; MEIS JACINTA NANGOY; SIGIT WIANTORO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221262

Abstract

Abstract. Ransaleleh TA, Wahyuni I, Kawatu M, Nangoy MJ, Wiantoro S. 2021. Behavior of the black flying fox, Pteropus alecto (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in cages. Biodiversitas 22: 5657-5665. Hunting and illegal trading have become a common thread for the black flying fox in Sulawesi, Indonesia. However, information on its biology and behavior as a baseline for conservation and management program is still lacking. Therefore, this study aims to examine the behavioral activities of black flying fox, Pteropus alecto (Temminck, 1837) kept in cages through direct observation. The results showed that feeding was carried out by descending to the bottom of the cage before picking up fruits with the mouth and wings. Furthermore, the time associated with this process ranged from 06.01 to 10.00, while agonistic behavior performed using claws and wings took place from 10.01 to 14.00 in the daytime and 22.01 to 02.00 at night. Grooming was carried out using the tongue and wings, from 14.01 to 18.00 during the day and 22.01 to 02.00 during the night. Subsequently, the bats slept by perching with the eyes closed and the whole body wrapped with the wings from 02.01 to 10.00, while locomotion and stationary behaviors were performed by perching with eyes open and flying around the cage with the wings spread apart from 10.01 to 14.00 during the day and 22.01 to 02.00 at night. The percentage of day and night behavior activities consist of agonistic 0.12%, grooming 6.14%, eating 19.36%, sleeping 56.33%, and stationary and locomotive 17.76%. The results improve the understanding of P. alecto's daily activities in the cage which are difficult to observe in the wild and provide insight for conservation and wildlife management. Furthermore, information from this study is useful for future bat captivity programs.
Floristic composition and species diversity in three habitat types of heath forest in Belitung Island, Indonesia DINA OKTAVIA; SANTI DWI PRATIWI; SITI MUNAWAROH; AGUS HIKMAT; IWAN HILWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221240

Abstract

Oktavia D, Pratiwi SD, Munawaroh S, Hikmat A, Hilwan I. 2021. Floristic composition and species diversity in three habitat types of heath forest in Belitung Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5555-5563. Exploring plant diversity, structure, and composition of vegetation in forest ecosystems is necessary for understanding the mechanism of species coexistence and forest dynamics, moreover in a unique and vulnerable ecosystem such as tropical heath forest (kerangas). We investigated the composition and structure of vegetation of heath forests in East Belitung, Indonesia in three habitat types, namely primary heath forest (rimba), secondary heath forest (bebak), and grassland (padang). Vegetation analysis was conducted using the combination of transect and plot method to calculate the importance value index (IVI) for all species and biodiversity indicators for each habitat type. We recorded 157, 135, and 31 species in rimba, bebak, and padang, respectively. The top three dominant families of species found were Myrtaceae, Clusiaceae, and Euphorbiaceae. In rimba, Syzygium lepidocarpa had the highest IVI for seedlings, Calophyllum lanigerum had the highest IVI for saplings, and Schima walichii had the highest IVI for trees. In bebak, Guioa pleuropteris had the highest IVI for seedlings, Garcinia hombroniana had the highest IVI for saplings, and Schima walichii had the highest IVI for trees. In padang, Fimbristylis sp. had the highest IVI for seedlings, while Leptospermum flavescens had the highest IVI for saplings and trees. Some pioneer species were found such as Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Rhodamnia cinerea, Syzygium buxifolium. We also found two carnivorous plants Drosera burmannii and Nepenthes gracilis in padang, indicating that this habitat type is poor in nutrients in the soils. We suggested that the presence of species composition in the three habitat types of heath forest is an essential plant resource to be conserved and sustainably utilized. Establishing reserve areas to protect natural habitat and biodiversity is encouraged to provide proper ecosystem function for the people and nature.
Growth performance and survival rate of striped eel catfish (Plotosus lineatus) in the domestication Asriyana Asriyana; Halili Halili; Muhaimin Hamzah; Agus Kurnia
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221244

Abstract

Asriyana, Halili, Hamzah M, Kurnia A. 2021. Growth performance and survival rate of striped eel catfish (Plotosus lineatus) in the domestication. Biodiversitas 22: 5593-5599. The striped eel catfish, Plotosus lineatus, is one of the catfishes that live in coral reefs and have high economic value. The fish is available in the wild and can be domesticated to supply animal protein necessity. This study aims to determine the optimum catfish size that would support their domestication process based on growth performance and survival rate in controlled media. The catfish's total length and body weight were measured every two weeks within the 56 days of rearing. The experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design composed of three treatment groups (based on fish length size) and four replications, namely 3.5-4.0 cm (group A), 4.9-5.6 cm (group B), and 7.0-8.0 cm (group C) with a density of five fish per pond. Results indicated that the catfish could live in a saline water pond. The growth performance of treatment group B was higher than treatment group A and C with absolute length growth (Lm) values of 2.19±0.63 cm, the daily growth rate in length (DGRL) of 0.04±0.05 cm/day, relative growth rate (RGR) of 0.51±0.58%/day, and specific growth rate of (SGR) 1.63±0.74%/day. However, the highest survival rate was observed in the treatment C group (65.00±4.08%), followed by treatment group A (46.25±2.50) and B (31.00±7.42). These findings will assist in the domestication of striped eel catfish to support the conservation of striped catfish populations in the future.
Vegetation and macrozoobenthos diversity in the Percut Sei Tuan mangrove forest, North Sumatra, Indonesia Imam Mahdi Hasibuan; Rizka Amelia; Yuntha Bimantara; Ipanna Enggar Susetya; Arida Susilowati; Mohammad Basyuni
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221245

Abstract

Hasibuan IM, Amelia R, Bimantara Y, Susetya IE, Susilowati A, Basyuni M. 2021. Vegetation and macrozoobenthos diversity in the Percut Sei Tuan mangrove forest, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5600-5608. The mangrove forest offers a habitat for a variety of marine species, including macrozoobenthos. Macrozoobenthos live at the bottom of the waters on hard to muddy substrates, where they break down mangrove debris, ensuring microorganisms' ease in decomposing organic matter into inorganic materials that provide nutrients to producers in the water. The study aimed to determine the vegetation and macrozoobenthos diversity in the Percut Sei Tuan mangrove forest, North Sumatra, Indonesia. This research was executed with vegetation analysis, employing a sampling method in the form of plots, as many as three transects and 66 plots. The sampling of macrozoobenthos was conducted on the substrate surface, roots, and mangrove trunk for three stations and nine plots with a size of 1 m x 1 m. We found 10 true mangrove species where Avicennia marina was the most abundant, found at each seedling, sapling, and tree-stage with an important value index (IVI) of 64.62%, 75.73%, and 92.12%, respectively. Overall, the number of individuals in the species found was 1666.67/Ha at the seedling stage, 1090.91/Ha at the sapling stage, and 842.42/Ha at the tree stage. Seven macrozoobenthos species were found and classified into four classes of Gastropoda, Polychaeta, Mollusca, and Arthropoda, with population abundance values being 9.33 ind/m2 at a station I, 7.44 ind/m2 at station II, and 8.78 ind/m2 at station III. The diversity index (H') of the observed location was determined to be 1.63-2.06, which was classified into the medium category, while H' macrozoobenthos ranging from 1.54-1.81 were classified into the low to moderate category. The observed parameters' physical and chemical factors presented that the condition of the waters in the research area is still considered suitable for supporting macrozoobenthos life, with dissolved oxygen being strongly correlated to macrozoobenthos diversity.
Identification of bioactive compounds of banana corm (Musa paradisiaca) using GC-MS and its inhibitory effect against pathogenic bacteria NURUL FAJRIH; KOMANG GEDE WIRYAWAN; SUMIATI SUMIATI; SURAYA KAFFI SYAHPURA; WIWIN WINARSIH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230125

Abstract

Abstract. Fajrih N, Wiryawan KG, Sumiati, Syahpura SK, Winarsih W. 2022. Identification of bioactive compounds of banana corm (Musa paradisiaca) using GC-MS and its inhibitory effect against pathogenic bacteria. Biodiversitas 23: 195-204. The banana corm is an agricultural waste that is abundant in nature but is rarely used even though it has many benefits including as an antibacterial agent. Therefore, this study aims to identify and isolate antibacterial compounds in banana corm and evaluate their antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria (E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhi, B. cereus) that generally infect livestock. The extraction procedure was carried out by maceration using ethanol and fractionation through the liquid-liquid method using ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate fraction was further analyzed using column chromatography using silica gel as a stationary phase and eluted with 100% of CHCl?, 20% of MeOH/CHCl?, 3% of MeOH/CHCl? and 100% of MeOH, respectively. Identification of antibacterial compounds was carried out using GC-MS. Growth inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria was conducted by the well agar diffusion method. Based on the GC-MS chromatogram results, several compounds with antibacterial properties compounds were identified in the banana corm, namely Octadeca-9,12-Dienoicand Hexadecanoic acids. The extract of banana corm has antibacterial activity against E. coli, Salmonella typhi, S. aureus, and B. cereus at the concentration of 5% with inhibitory zones of 5.88 mm (moderate), 9.13 mm (moderate), 13.86 (strong), and 14.66 (strong), respectively. It is concluded that banana corm extract contains antibacterial compounds and can inhibit the growth of several pathogenic bacteria.
Baccaurea Lour. (Phyllanthaceae Martinov - Malpighiales), underutilized plant from Riau, Indonesia and its phytochemical study NERY SOFIYANTI; FITMAWATI FITMAWATI; MAYTA NOVALIZA ISDA; ASIH RAHAYU AJENG AGESTI; MAYA SARI; SYAFRONI PRANATA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230236

Abstract

Abstract. Sofiyanti N, Fitmawati, Isda MN, Agesti ARA, Sari M, Pranata S. 2022. Baccaurea Lour. (Phyllanthaceae Martinov-Malpighiales), underutilized plant from Riau, Indonesia and its phytochemical study. Biodiversitas 23: 937-946. Baccaurea (Phyllantaceae) is one of underutilized plants in Riau Province, Indonesia. Our finding in some districts shows the variation of morphological characters of Baccaurea members. However, there is no detailed morphological study of these genera reported from this province. This study aimed to identify Baccaurea species from Riau and characterized their morphology, as well as, phytochemical contents. The specimens were collected from the field, documented and observed in detail their morphological characters. Phytochemical screening had been conducted using qualitative tests of a total of six secondary metabolites (alkaloid, terpenoid, steroid, tannin, flavonoid and saponin). A total of seven Baccaurea species were identified in this study. The main characteristic that can be used to distinguish each species are leaf characteristics (venation, size and shape), floral pattern and fruit characters. The phytochemical contents vary among the examined Baccaurea. Steroid and tannin are absent from all of examined specimens. Terpenoid is commonly found in all fruit parts of all specimens.  The result of this study provides the first detailed morphological record as well as phytochemical data of Baccaurea from Riau.
Nutritional potential of Semele sp. shellfish on estrogen levels and follicle stimulating hormone receptor genes in perimenopausal women SJAFARAENAN SJAFARAENAN; MUHAMMAD RUSLAN UMAR; HERWIN HERWIN; ANNA ISLAMIYATI; MUSTIKA TUWO; ANDI ZULKIFLI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230302

Abstract

Abstract. Sjafaraenan, Umar MR, Herwin, Islamiyati A, Tuwo M, Zulkifli A. 2022. Nutritional potential of Semelesp. shellfish on estrogen levels and follicle stimulating hormone receptor genes in perimenopausal women. Biodiversitas 23: 1196-1203. The Bonea villagecommunity that often consume shellfish usually have a high libido and experience menopause abovethe age of 50 years.Therefore, this study aims to determinethe nutritional potential of Semele sp.on the Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSH-R) gene in perimenopausal womenas well asthe levels of estrogen and polymorphisms.The experimental method with a one-group preandpost-test design was used by measuring 10 perimenopausal women respondents aged 40-45 before and after consuming Semele sp. 2 times a week for 2 months. Furthermore, blood samples were collected through the median cubital vein 2-3 mL before and after the treatment, The nutritional measurement of Semele sp. including protein was carried out using the Kjeldhal method, carbohydrates using the Anthrone method, and fat using the gravimetry. Also, the mineral content was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry(AAS), while the estrogen levels were assessed with the ELISA technique. The FSH gene was examined using DNA extraction and amplification, electrophoresis, as well as Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) with the Bsrl enzyme, while thet-test was conducted to examinethe effect of shellfish consumption. The results showed that the consumption of Semele sp.increased estrogen levels significantly, as the Asn680Ser, Asn680Asn, and Ser680Se genotypes were found in each respondent with the FSH-R gene. Based on the results,it was concluded that the regular consumption of Semele sp. increases estrogen levels and is applicable as analternative treatment to delay the incidence of menopause.

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