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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
 328   329   330   331   332 
Morphological and molecular identification of multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria in the wound site of diabetic ulcers WIDAYANTI RISQIYAH; ERLIA NARULITA; AFIFATUR ROFIQOH; ACHMAD SYAIFUL LUDFI; MOCHAMMAD IQBAL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230207

Abstract

Abstract. Risqiyah W, Narulita E, Rofiqoh A, Ludfi AS, Iqbal M. 2021. Morphological and molecular identification of multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria in the wound site of diabetic ulcers. Biodiversitas 23: 663-670. The study aimed to determine the characteristics of diverse species of bacteria found in diabetic ulcers and the inhibition of antibiotics against these bacteria. The method used is Gram staining for morphological characterization, identification using 16S rRNA gene, and pour plate for antibiotic resistance test. The morphological characterization result showed that the colonies had white color, circular shape, flat elevation, entire edge, small size, and basil shape with Gram negative type of bacteria. Another result showed yellow, greenish, pellucid, and green color, irregular shape, raised elevation, undulate and lobate edge, medium size, coccus and Gram positive type of bacteria. Query cover of molecular identification showed 73-100% and 77.61-96.77% for the result of similarity identification with Alcaligenes faecalis, Shigella flexneri, Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus mirabilis, and Acinetobacter seohaensis. The identification and antibiotic resistance testing showed that the bacterial species found in diabetic ulcers was A. faecalis strain NRBC 13111, which was resistant to all tested antibiotics, except A. faecalis strain NRBC 13111 from the UB 2.3K and A. faecalis strain NRBC 13111 from the sample UB 3.4M. Enterococcus faecalis strain ATCC 19433 was resistant to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, clindamycin and metronidazole, intermediates to cefoperazone, and sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Proteus mirabilis strain JCM 1669 was resistant to clindamycin and metronidazole, sensitive to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin, intermediates to ceftazidime and cefoperazone. Proteus mirabilis strain ATCC 29906, A. seohaensis strain SW-100 and S. flexneri strain ATCC 29903 were resistant to all tested antibiotics.
Anti-bacteria and toxicity potential of a rare Actinobacterium Pseudonocardia sp. SM1A, isolated from Mangrove Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia RISA NOFIANI; RIZKY RIZKY; RIDHO BRILIANTORO; PUJI ARDININGSIH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230148

Abstract

Abstract. Nofiani R, Rizky, Briliantoro R, Ardiningsih P. 2021. Anti-bacteria and toxicity potential of a rare Actinobacterium Pseudonocardia sp. SM1A, isolated from Mangrove Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 453-458. This study aimed to identify and evaluate antibacterial and toxicity activities of a rare Actinobacterium isolated from mangrove mud, Mempawah District, West Kalimantan. The mangrove mud sample was inoculated on ISP4 agar dissolved with seawater enriched meropenem (75µg/mL) and nystatin (100 µg/mL) using pour plate procedure and incubated at room temperature until the appearance powdery colony. One of the 2 powdery colonies successfully isolated was SM1A. SM1A was morphologically and biochemically identified to determine its genus and tested antibacterial activities using the cross streak method. SM1A also was cultivated and shaken at room temperature. After 10 days, the culture was extracted using ethyl acetate and then the extract was tested antibacterial activities using a well diffusion method and toxicity using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT). SM1A was identified as Pseudonocardia sp., then was called Pseudonocardia sp. SM1A. Pseudonocardia sp. SM1A tested anti-bacteria using the cross streak method showed active against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholera, and Streptococcus mutants for the ISP4 agar medium and S. typhi, S. mutants, and V. cholera for the ISP1. Pseudonocardia sp. SM1A extract prepared from ISP1 broth medium was active against S. typhi, E. coli, V. cholera, and Streptococcus mutants. In addition, Pseudonocardia sp. SM1A extract cultivated on ISP1 broth medium showed LC50=11.2570 µg/mL based on the BSLT and categorized as moderately toxic level. Pseudonocardia sp. SM1A contained secondary metabolites having high potential as lead compounds for drug discovery.
Biodiversity and antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from jambu bol (Syzygium malaccense) YUSTINA HAPIDA; ELFITA ELFITA; HARY WIDJAJANTI; SALNI SALNI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221253

Abstract

Abstract. Hapida Y, Elfita, Widjajanti H, Salni. 2021. Biodiversity and antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from jambu bol (Syzygium malaccense). Biodiversitas 22: 5668-5677. Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria are still high. The existence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics makes it necessary to search for new antibacterial substances from plants and microorganisms. Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr and Perry (Myrtaceae), known as jambu bol, has been used as a traditional medicine in Indonesia and other countries. It is used to treat pathogenic bacterial infections. Therefore, this study aims to determine the diversity of endophytic fungi and their potential as antibacterial compound sources compared to their host plants. Specifically, screening for endophytic fungi that have antibacterial activities is intended. In this study, endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves, stem bark, and root bark of the host plants. Each isolate was identified morphologically and cultivated in potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium for four weeks. After the incubation period, the liquid culture was extracted with ethyl acetate and evaporated to obtain a concentrated extract. The Kirby-Bauer method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of each endophytic fungal extract and the host plant parts extract. The concentration used was 400µg/mL and the antibiotic was used as a positive control (Tetracycline) is 30µg/mL. Seven endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves (YD1, YD2, YD3, YD4, YD6, YD7, Y2D1), seven from the stem bark (YB1, YB2, YB3, YB4, YB5, Y2B5, and Y2B6 ), and six from the root bark (YA1, YA2, YA3, YA4, YA5, Y2A2). The endophytic fungi were morphologically identified, and the isolates were shown to be dominated by genera from the Ascomycota (e.g., Poaceascoma, Cladorrhinum, Penicillium, Madurella, Phytophthora, Phialemonium, Monascus, Trichoderma, Ramophialophora, Gliocladium, Wiesneriomyces) and the Zygomycota (e.g., Mucor, Mortierella, and Gongronella) phyla. The fungi isolates Y2D1, YB1, and YA4 were shown to have the highest (strong) antibacterial activity equivalent to their hosts in the performed screening. Endophytic fungi have significant and continued antibacterial activities that have been identified molecularly.
Monitoring of diversity, abundance, activity period and habitat use of wildlife species around the wildlife corridor that connects the natural world heritage site of Thailand MANANYA PLA-ARD; NORASET KHIOESREE; BUNYATIPORN KEAWDEE; WIPAVEE HUNGHENG; PATTANAPHON CHATTRAKULDEE; PHANITSUPHA PENGTHONG; JIDAPA THONGBANTHUM; PAANWARIS PAANSRI; KHWANRUTAI CHARASPET; TANAPONE PANGANTA; YUWARAK CHANACHAI; PRATEEP DUENGKAE; DOKRAK MAROD; SUWIMOL UTHAIRASMEE; THARNRAT KAEWKRACHANG; NARIS BHUMPAKPHAN; YONGYUT TRISURAT; WARONG SUKSAVATE; SARAWOOD SUNGKAEW; NANTACHAI PONGPATTANANURAK; PHRUET RACHARAK; DECHA WIWATWITTAYA; WATTANACHAI TASEN; ronglarp sukmasuang
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 11 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221134

Abstract

Abstract. This study on the monitoring of the diversity and abundance of wildlife around the wildlife corridor area on Highway 304, which passes through Khao Yai and Thap Lan National Parks, was conducted during September 2017 and May 2021 using camera traps to constantly monitor the area. A total of at least 51 wildlife species from 30 families, 14 orders were recorded. The species with the highest abundances were Sambar Deer, Wild Boar, Northern Pig-tailed Macaque, Gaur, Northern Red Muntjac, Siamese Fireback, Malayan Porcupine, Red Junglefowl, etc. The wildlife species recorded include 2 critically endangered species, 3 endangered, 10 vulnerable, 1 near threatened. In this study we also recorded images of a Fishing Cat, which is the first photographically record in this World Heritage Site. The evenness index indicates that the wildlife community in the area is stable. No significant differences in the diversity and abundance of wildlife before or after the corridor construction were seen. The wildlife in the area were active throughout the day. We also found that the highway is the main factor effecting the presence of wildlife. The study results show the importance of this area that the highway passes through. Building wildlife corridors between the two national parks is very important for maintaining the wildlife community as well as continuity. Suggestions from the study include management of human activity in the area including traffic, noise, vehicle speed and living activities in the area that may attract wildlife closer to the community and cause other impacts.
Chemical composition, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of Taxus baccata essential oil from Algeria Khaoula Benlembarek; Takia Lograd; Messaoud Ramdani; Gilles figueredo; Pierre Chalard
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221231

Abstract

Abstract. Benlembarek K, Lograda T, Ramdani M, Figueredo G, Chalard P. 2021. Chemical composition, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of Taxus baccata essential oil from Algeria. Biodiversitas 22: 5475-5483. This work aims to study the chemical composition, the antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of Taxus baccata essential oil of Algeria. The essential oil was obtained by hydro distillation; its chemical composition was determined by GC and GC-MS analysis. The antibacterial and antifungal activities are evaluated by the disk diffusion method against three-gram negative bacteria, four-gram positive bacteria and four phytopathogenic fungi. The evaluation of antioxidant activity is carried out by the DPPH scavenging method. Twenty-seven compounds have been identified in the essential oil, where the major product was undecanone-2, followed by nonanone-2, tridecanone-2, decanone-2 and the methyl dehydroabietic. The T. baccata essential oil showed moderate antibacterial and antifungal activities against the strains tested, with the exception of E. faecalis, MRSA and Fusarium graminum, which have shown significant resistance. T. baccata essential oil has a moderate antioxidant activity.
Diversity of medicinal plants used for skincare by Bulungan tribe in North Kalimantan, Indonesia and its melanin biosynthesis inhibition KARTINA KARTINA; IRMANIDA BATUBARA; HARLINDA KUSPRADINI; IRAWAN WIJAYA KUSUMA; WULAN TRI WAHYUNI; SAAT EGRA; TOHRU MITSUNAGA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230308

Abstract

Abstract. Kartina, Batubara I, Kuspradini H, Kusuma IW, Wahyuni WT, Egra S, Matsunaga T. 2022. Diversity of medicinal plants used for skincare by Bulungan tribe in North Kalimantan, Indonesia and its melanin biosynthesis inhibition. Biodiversitas 23: 1246-1253. Indigenous people of the Bulungan tribe in North Kalimantan, Indonesia have been utilizing plants for health purposes, including for skincare such as preventing skin from being dark due to melanin production. This study aimed to evaluate the diversity of medicinal plants utilized by the Bulungan tribe for skincare and determine the melanin biosynthesis inhibition activity. Plants having medicinal uses were investigated through literature studies and interviews with the members of Bulungan tribe in Tanjung Palas Tengah Village. Melanin biosynthesis inhibition was determined by identifying the tyrosinase inhibition potential using commercial tyrosinase enzyme, while intracellular and extracellular melanin biosynthesis production activity was determined using B16 melanoma cells. The results showed at least 19 plant species that have medicinal uses, including for skincare, with some of them having the potential for melanogenesis, both in suppressing and producing melanin. We found a plant sample with melanin suppression potential on B16 melanoma cell, namely Jatropha curcas, at 6.2 µg/ml concentration, which could decrease extracellular melanin content by 18%. Tyrosinase activity with L-tyrosine showed that Cinnamomum burmannii (root) (IC50: 3.4 ?g/mL) showed an insignificant difference with kojic acid, which served as positive control by showing an inhibitory level of (IC50: 0.14 ?g/mL). Based on the data obtained, a pharmacological study is recommended to investigate melanin biosynthesis as a skin whitening agent. We believe that this study can become basic data to discover several active compounds in future studies.
Community awareness and participation in biodiversity conservation at Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, Vietnam DINH DUC TRUONG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230163

Abstract

Abstract. Truong DD. 2021. Community awareness and participation in biodiversity conservation at Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, Vietnam. Biodiversitas 23: 583-594. Local community's perception and attitude towards biodiversity conservation are essential to the sustainable management of national parks in Vietnam. The conservation of biodiversity in national parks is facing pressures from economic development activities, which has led to the degradation of the ecological values ??of the national parks. People's awareness and their participation in conservation management are crucial to the sustainable management of national parks. This study examined the awareness and participation of local people in biodiversity conservation at Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park (PN-KBNP), Vietnam. PN-KB is one of the national parks with the highest biodiversity values ??in Vietnam and is recognized by UNESCO as a world heritage site. To assess participation in conservation management, the study implemented a Contingent Valuation Method for estimating the willingness to pay of households in the buffer zone for biodiversity conservation in PN-KBNP. A survey was implemented to 358 households randomly selected in five communes adjacent to the park. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with selected key informants were also practiced for the management of insight information. The result showed that local villagers generally hold a fairly high perception of biodiversity values and positive attitudes towards biodiversity conservation at PN-KBNP. This positive perception comes from the close interaction between household livelihoods and the national park on a daily basis. However, awareness of national park management rules are not high. In addition, local people are willing to sacrifice part of their income to conserve biodiversity for current and future generations. On an average, each household was willing to pay 297,000 VND/year for biodiversity conservation. Payment levels, age, length of residency and education were observed to significantly impact on villagers' participation in biodiversity conservation initiatives. The balance between development and conservation was found to be the key in Park management, where communities need to be given more power to plan, monitor and implement conservation activities while establishing clear forest land user right for households and communities.
Biodiversity and community assemblages of freshwater and marine macrozoobenthos in Gorontalo Waters, Indonesia Miftahul Khair Kadim; Nuralim Pas; Elan R Alinti; Citra Panigoro
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230204

Abstract

Abstract. Kadim MK, Pasisingi N, Alinti ER, Alinti ER, Panigoro C. 2022. Biodiversity and community assemblages of freshwater and marine macrozoobenthos in Gorontalo Waters, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 637-647. Macrozoobenthos plays an essential role in the aquatic ecosystem including as primary consumers, food sources, and water quality bioindicators. This study aimed to determine the composition, taxa abundance, community structure of the macrozoobenthos in the lower reach, estuary, and marine areas along Gorontalo waters, also their association with water quality parameters. Biota samples were collected purposively from 33 sampling points. The sampling process was conducted in June 2020 and May 2021. Macrozoobenthos samples were taken using Ekman Grab and prepared with filters (mesh size of 500 µm). Statistically, a t-test was done to assess the significance of taxa abundance difference among three different ecosystems from both sampling periods. Similarity percentages were displayed through a dendrogram. Furthermore, the biota assemblages and water quality parameters association were interpreted through Eigenvalues of Principal Component Analysis using Minitab ver. 14.0. The results showed that the macrozoobenthic community structure composed 70 taxa belonging to six classes dominated by Gastropoda, followed by Bivalvia, Malacostraca, Clitellata, Polychaeta, and Polyplacophora. The marine area had the highest abundance of macrozoobenthos (469.5 ind. m-3 in 2020; 460.9 ind. m-3 in 2021), followed by the river station (335.3 ind. m-3 in 2020; 2621 ind. m-3 in 2021), and estuary zone (217.3 ind in 2020. m-3; 848.5 ind. m-3 in 2021). The most abundant species in the lower reach area was Melanoides sp. (135.5 ind. m-3 in 2020; and 1222.5 ind. m-3 in 2021), while in the estuary was Brachidontes sp. (70.7 ind. m-3 in 2020; and 248 ind. m-3 in 2021). Batillaria sp. (128.3 ind. m-3 in 2020) and Anachis sp. (1510.7 ind. m-3 in 2021) were the species with the highest number in the marine zone. Based on the diversity and evenness index, the sea was in the medium category with no dominant species in the marine area. Biota communities in the lower reach station tend to be more like estuary biota than marine biota.
Effect of soil properties on plant growth and diversity at various ages of coal mine reclamation in Indonesia TEDI YUNANTO; FARISATUL AMANAH; AYU RATNA WULANSARI; NABILA PUTRI WISNU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230149

Abstract

Abstract. Yunanto T, Amanah F, Wulansari AR, Wisnu NP. 2021. Effect of soil properties on plant growth and diversity at various ages of coal mine reclamation in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 459-468. Soil is an essential element for plants to grow. Therefore, it is important to understand the influence of soil properties, especially physical and chemical, on plant growth in coal mine reclamation areas. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and diversity of plants at various ages of reclamation and analyze the factors that most influence their growth and diversity. The study analyzed four soil physical properties and eight soil chemical properties. The research was conducted in mine reclamation areas with different ages: 1, 4, 6, 9, and 11-year-old-plantations for vegetation analysis and soil collection. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis was performed using PAST 4.0 statistics program to analyze the data. The results showed that the 9-year-old plantation had the highest mean Shannon Wiener Index (H’= 1.52), mean basal area (35.04 m2/ha), and mean density (469 trees/ha), while the 4-year-old plantation had the highest mean diameter (28.42 cm). The 1-year-old plantation had the highest clay content of 56.28% and the lowest pH of 3.27. The physical properties of the soil affected the growth rate and diversity of the reclamation area more than the chemical properties of the soil. This can be seen from the cumulative proportion of the two PCA values that described the original condition of 71.20% for soil physical properties and 63.10% for soil chemical properties. Based on this study, bulk density affected the diversity while pH impacted other soil chemical properties.
Chlorogenic acid and caffeine content of fermented robusta bean TJAHJADI PURWOKO; SURANTO SURANTO; RATNA SETYANINGSIH; SOERYA DEWI MARLIYANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230231

Abstract

Abstract. Purwoko T, Suranto, Setyaningsih R, Marliyana SD. 2021. Chlorogenic acid and caffeine content of fermented robusta bean. Biodiversitas 23: 902-906. Robusta beans contain caffeine and chlorogenic acid higher than arabica beans, however, it has a lower economic value than arabica beans. Therefore, microorganisms in the robusta bean for the fermentation process are expected to reduce caffeine and chlorogenic acid contents. The objective of this research was to investigate the ability of fungus Rhizopus oryzae, yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and bacteria Lactobacillus casei and Leuconostoc mesenteroides in degrading caffeine and chlorogenic acid content of robusta beans. Analysis of caffeine and chlorogenic acid content was carried out by spectrophotometer at OD275 and OD324, respectively. The caffeine and chlorogenic acid content of unfermented robusta beans were 18.64 mg/g and 62.18 mg/g. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, L. mesenteroides, L. casei, and R. oryzae were able to degrade caffeine, and reduce the caffeine content of fermented robusta beans to 16.92, 16.71, 16.67, and 13.57 mg/g, respectively. The decrease of caffeine by S. cerevisiae, L. mesenteroides and L. casei were not significantly different (p>0.05) from control, however, the decrease of caffeine by R. oryzae was significant (p<0.05). Saccharomyces cerevisiae, R. oryzae, L. mesenteroide, and L. casei were able to degrade chlorogenic acid and reduce the chlorogenic acid content of fermented robusta beans to 44.54, 45.21, 45.79, and 47.31 mg/g. Chlorogenic acid was reduced significantly by S. cerevisiae, R. oryzae, L. mesenteroides, and L. casei (p<0.05). It can be concluded that R. oryzae was a potential microorganism to reduce caffeine and chlorogenic acid contents in robusta beans.

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